What Makes You Think You're so Smart?

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth A. Visser ◽  
Michael C. Ashton ◽  
Philip A. Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Ability Levels

Abstract. This study examined the correlates of self-estimated levels of the eight abilities of Gardner's (1983) “multiple intelligences” framework. Participants (N = 200) estimated their own levels of the eight abilities, completed two maximum performance tests of each ability, and provided self-ratings of their personality characteristics. As observed in previous research, most participants tended to overestimate their levels of ability in most of the intelligence domains. Self-estimated ability levels were generally only modestly correlated with measured levels of the same ability, and tended to show equally strong correlations with personality variables. Sex differences were observed for self-estimates of some abilities, and these sex differences were largely independent of measured ability and personality. It was concluded that high levels of self-estimated ability were related to being male, having high measured ability, and being high in Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience, and low in Emotionality.

European Differences in Self-Perceived Multiple Intelligences

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Tim Rakow ◽  
Ivan Sarmany-Schuller ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Multiple Intelligences ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Sex Effects ◽  
Iq Scores ◽  
Culture Differences ◽  
Three Factor

In this study, 140 Belgian, 227 British, and 177 Slovakian students estimated their own multiple IQ scores as well as that of their parents (mother and father) and siblings (first and second brother and sister). Various factor analyses yielded a clear three-factor structure replicating previous studies. A sex × culture ANOVA on self-ratings of three factors that underline the seven intelligences (verbal, numerical, cultural) showed culture and sex effects as well as interactions. As predicted, males rated their own overall IQ, though not that of their parents or siblings, higher than females did. Males also rated their numerical IQ, but not their verbal or cultural IQ, higher than females did. There were few culture differences but many interactions, nearly all caused by Slovakian females, who rated aspects of their own and their fathers' IQ higher than Slovakian males, while the pattern for the Belgians was precisely the opposite. Participants believed their verbal IQ was higher than their numerical IQ and their cultural IQ. Males believed their verbal and numerical IQ score to be fairly similar, though much higher than their cultural IQ, while females believed their verbal IQ the highest, followed by numerical and cultural IQ. Females also believed they were more intelligent than both parents. Overall results showed consistency in the sex differences in ratings across cultures but differences in level of estimated IQ possibly as a result of cultural demands for modesty.

Individual Differences in Behavioral Reactions of Psychiatric Patients to Brief Partial Sensory Deprivation

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry B. Adams ◽  
G. David Cooper ◽  
Richard N. Carrera
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Sensory Deprivation ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Complex Relationships

30 hospitalized psychiatric in-patients exposed to a few hours of partial sensory deprivation (SD) showed a wide range of individual differences in their reactions. Reduced symptoms and improved intellectual functioning after SD were the predominant group trends, but some individuals showed substantial changes in opposite directions. Individual differences in behavioral reactions during and after SD were significantly related to MMPI personality characteristics. Symptom reduction after SD was a function of characteristics quite different from those usually associated with prognosis for conventional verbal psychotherapy. The results suggested that many persons unlikely to benefit from traditional therapeutic procedures might show improved personality and intellectual functioning after a brief exposure to SD. There were many other complex relationships between personality variables and reactions to SD.

Sex differences in estimates of multiple intelligences

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Katie Clark ◽  
Karen Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Multiple Intelligences

scholarly journals The typical-performance emotional management test: Test-retest reliability and further validity evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aljoscha Neubauer ◽  
Gabriela Hofer
Keyword(s):  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Trait Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Emotional Management ◽  
Typical Performance ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Situational judgments tests (SJTs) offer many advantages over traditional trait questionnaires but often show low internal consistency, presumably due to heterogeneity of the assessed constructs (Lievens et al. 2008; Whetzel & McDaniel, 2009). Authors have suggested that test-retest-reliability (TRT) might be a better-suited measure for SJTs. Here, we analyzed TRT of the typical-performance emotional management test (TEMT, Freudenthaler & Neubauer, 2005) – and SJT for emotional management. We additionally report further and hitherto not analyzed validity evidence with respect to a maximum-performance emotional management SJT (STEM, MacCann & Roberts, 2008) and the widely used Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue, Petrides & Furnham, 2003). For a 2 week-interval, we found satisfying test-retest reliabilities for both scales of the TEMT (inter- and intrapersonal emotional management; .76 and .83, respectively). Intrapersonal ability correlated moderately to highly with all four TEIQue main factors and the total score, whereas interpersonal ability showed low to medium relations. Relations with the STEM were smaller. Our results support that SJTs can show good reliabilities – when assessed via TRT – and emphasize the importance to distinguish between typical- and maximum-performance tests of emotional abilities.

Personality Traits That Distinguish Special Operations Female Aircrew

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-247
Author(s):  
Wayne Chappelle ◽  
Anne H. Shadle ◽  
Rachael N. Martinez ◽  
Laura E. Reardon ◽  
Tanya Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Special Operations ◽  
Neo Personality Inventory ◽  
Care And Support ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Insight Into

INTRODUCTION: U.S. Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) female aircrew represent a small group of military personnel in challenging high-risk, high-demand professions. Personality characteristics may play a key role in distinguishing those women who pursue a career as a special operations aircrew member and succeed in this pursuit. Having access to normative personality data can potentially support psychologists in assessing AFSOC female aircrew and subsequently making informed recommendations to leadership.METHODS: A total of 586 AFSOC aircrew trainees58 (9.9%) women and 528 (90.1%) mencompleted a series of computer-based psychological tests to assess cognitive ability and personality traits.RESULTS: Results indicated significant differences between female AFSOC aircrew and female civilians on four of the five NEO Personality Inventory domains: Neuroticism (M 74.9 vs. M 87.1), Extraversion (M 123.7 vs. M 112.8), Openness to Experience (M 122.6 vs. M 111.0), and Conscientiousness (M 136.0 vs. M 120.6), respectively. The comparison between female AFSOC aircrew and male AFSOC aircrew revealed significant differences across three of the five domains: Neuroticism (M 74.9 vs. M 65.1), Openness to Experience (M 122.6 vs. M 115.0), and Agreeableness (M 119.6 vs. M 112.7), respectively.DISCUSSION: Implications for assessment and interpretation of psychological testing are discussed. This paper provides a unique perspective and insight into those who pursue and excel in this career field. Identifying specific personality traits in our AFSOC female aircrew allows for tailored care and support when evaluating readiness in special operations aircrew for optimizing performance.Chappelle W, Shadle AH, Martinez RN, Reardon LE, Goodman T, Spencer H, Thompson W. Personality traits that distinguish special operations female aircrew. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(4):240247.

Which Matters More?

2016 ◽  
pp. 213-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai P. Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Deep Level ◽  
Diversity Management ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Team Processes ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Surface Level ◽  
Research Designs

This chapter reviews what we know about the effects of surface-level diversity (age, sex, and ethnicity) and deep-level diversity (personality characteristics such as conscientiousness, openness to experience, extraversion, emotional stability, and agreeableness) in organizational teams. It also outlines challenges to today's diversity management and Human Resource (HR) practices, such as the lack of definite conclusions from research results, the mismatch between team diversity research designs and organizations' needs, and the lack of research examining simultaneously different aspects of diversity. Drawing from analysis results of team data from 55 teams of volunteers from Shanghai, the author recommends that HR training and selection take specific team contexts into account and increase attention on functions that support important team processes such as communication and mutual support among team members.

Differences in personality characteristics between body‐modified and non‐modified individuals: associations with individual personality traits and their possible evolutionary implications

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Wohlrab ◽  
Jutta Stahl ◽  
Thomas Rammsayer ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Piercing ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Modifications

After a long history of negative stigmatisation, the practices of tattooing and body piercing have become fashionable in the last decade. Today, 10% of the population in modern western societies have some form of body modification. The aim of this study was to quantify the demographic and personality traits of tattooed and pierced individuals and to compare them with a control group of individuals without body modifications. These comparisons are based on questionnaires completed by 359 individuals that investigate the details of body modification, and which incorporate five personality scales. We describe several sex differences in ornament style and location. We found no relevant differences between modified and non‐modified individuals in relation to demographic variables. This indicates that some of the traditional attitudes towards tattoos and piercings appear to be outdated. However, we found striking differences in personality traits which suggest that body‐modified individuals are greater sensation seekers and follow a more unrestricted mating strategy than their non‐modified contemporaries. We discuss these differences in light of a potential signalling function of tattoos and piercings in the mating context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Maximum Performance Tests of Speech Production

1987 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray D. Kent ◽  
Jane F. Kent ◽  
John C. Rosenbek
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Maximum Performance ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Maximum Duration ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
Maximum Expiratory Pressure

The maximum performance tests of speech production are those tests that examine the upper limits of performance for selected speech tasks. Among the most commonly used maximum performance tests are the following: maximum duration of phonation, maximum fricative duration, maximum phonation volume, maximum expiratory pressure, fundamental frequency range, maximum sound pressure level, maximum occluding force of the articulators, and diadochokinetic (maximum repetition) rate. Many clinicians use at least some of these tasks as part of an assessment protocol. These tests are analogous to strength, range, or speed tests in clinical neurology. Given the widespread use of these tests and a rather scattered literature on normative values obtained for them, a survey of the data base seemed in order. This paper summarizes the published normative data, discusses the adequacy of these data for clinical application, and recommends interpretive guidelines to enhance the usefulness of maximum performance tests.

Personality Traits and Financial Strain as Determinants of Gambling Behaviour among Youth in Nigeria: A Case Study of Youths in Oyo State and Ekiti State

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bankole Emmanuel Temitope ◽  
Adebunmi Oyekola ◽  
Bankole Abimbola Mary
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Gambling Behaviour

This study aims to assess personality characteristics and financial strain as a determinant of gambling behaviour among youth in Nigeria. Three instruments were used in the study which include Gambling behaviour scale developed by Jeffery (2010) used in measuring prevalence and pattern of gambling behaviour, Big five personality scale developed by Goldberg (1993) used in assessing personality domain of an individual and Financial strain scale developed by Aldana & Liljenquist (1998) used in measuring the rate of financial strain experienced by people. Three hundred and twenty participants (320) were used in this study but two hundred and ninety seven participants (297) responses were retrieved for analysis. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis and independent t-test and the result were discussed according to literatures. It was concluded from the study that personality characteristics and financial strain predicts gambling behaviour and also there is sex differences in gambling behaviour. As a result of this, it was however recommended that youths are to be trained on how to improve their behavioural attitudes and should be well guided so as to avoid gambling because it has serious effects on their psychological health and overall well-being.

Personality and judgements of abstract, pop art, and representational paintings

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
John Walker
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Pop Art ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Abstract Art ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Art Galleries ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Personality Variables

This study was concerned with the question of which personality variables are most predictive of judgements of particular types of painting. One hundred and twenty‐one participants rated 24 slides of abstract, pop art, and representational paintings. They then completed two questionnaires which measured sensation seeking (SS) and the ‘Big Five’ personality dimensions. Thrill and Adventure Seeking was positively correlated with a liking of representational art while Disinhibition was associated with positive ratings of abstract art and pop art. Neuroticism was positively correlated with positive ratings of abstract and pop art, while conscientiousness was linked to liking of representational art. Openness to Experience was linked to positive ratings of all three art types. Agreeableness was negatively linked to liking of pop art. It was also found that art education and frequency of visits to art galleries were linked to positive ratings of abstract paintings. Regressional analyses showed about a fifth of the variance could be accounted for by personality and demographic variables. Personality variables were most strongly linked to positive judgements of representational art and least related to ratings of pop art. Overall the sensation seeking variables accounted for more of the variance than the big five dimensions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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