Differences in personality characteristics between body‐modified and non‐modified individuals: associations with individual personality traits and their possible evolutionary implications

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Wohlrab ◽  
Jutta Stahl ◽  
Thomas Rammsayer ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Piercing ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Body Modifications

After a long history of negative stigmatisation, the practices of tattooing and body piercing have become fashionable in the last decade. Today, 10% of the population in modern western societies have some form of body modification. The aim of this study was to quantify the demographic and personality traits of tattooed and pierced individuals and to compare them with a control group of individuals without body modifications. These comparisons are based on questionnaires completed by 359 individuals that investigate the details of body modification, and which incorporate five personality scales. We describe several sex differences in ornament style and location. We found no relevant differences between modified and non‐modified individuals in relation to demographic variables. This indicates that some of the traditional attitudes towards tattoos and piercings appear to be outdated. However, we found striking differences in personality traits which suggest that body‐modified individuals are greater sensation seekers and follow a more unrestricted mating strategy than their non‐modified contemporaries. We discuss these differences in light of a potential signalling function of tattoos and piercings in the mating context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals Character and Temperament Dimensions in Subjects with Depressive Disorder: Impact of the Affective State on Their Expression

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stojan Bajraktarov ◽  
Antoni Novotni ◽  
Slavica Arsova ◽  
Dance Gudeva-Nikovska ◽  
Viktorija Vujovik
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The People ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND: The depression is a cross-cultural condition that occurs in all cultures and within all nations with certain specificities, even though there are some differences in its manifestation. The hereditary load is of major importance, but also the individual personality factors, in the form of risk factors, are associated with the occurrence of depression. Personality characteristics have a significant impact on the occurrence of the recurrent depressive disorder and the outcome of the treatment as well.AIM: To identify the specific personality traits in people with the recurrent depressive disorder and the impact of the affective state on them.METHODS: Three questionnaires were used: a general questionnaire, Beck's scale of depressive symptoms, and TCI-R (inventory for temperament and character).RESULTS: The most indicative differences in the dimensions are found in the Harm avoidance and the Self-direction dimensions, and most variable dimensions dependent on effective state are Novelty seeking and Reward dependence.CONCLUSION: The people with the recurrent depressive disorder have a different profile of personality traits (temperament and character) compared with the control group, and their characteristics depend on their current affective state.

scholarly journals Analysis of Selected Variants of DRD2 and ANKK1 Genes in Combat Athletes

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Monika Michałowska-Sawczyn ◽  
Krzysztof Chmielowiec ◽  
Jolanta Chmielowiec ◽  
Grzegorz Trybek ◽  
Jolanta Masiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Caucasian Origin ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Interesting Area

The level of physical activity is conditioned by many different factors, including, among others, the personality traits of a person. Important is the fact that personality traits are a moderately heritable factor and on the basis of the analysis of several genes, various lifetime outcomes can be predicted. One of the most important pathways influencing personality traits is connected to the dopaminergic system; hence, we decided to analyze the DRD2 PROM. rs1799732, DRD2 rs1076560, DRD2 Tag1D rs1800498, DRD2 Ex8 rs6276, DRD2Tag1B rs1079597 and ANKK1 Tag1A rs180049. The research group included 258 male athletes (mean age = 26.02; SD = 8.30), whereas the control group was 284 healthy male volunteers matched for age (mean age = 22.89; SD = 4.78), both of Caucasian origin and without history of substance dependency or psychosis. Genomic DNA was extracted from venous blood using standard procedures. Genotyping was conducted with the real-time PCR method. Differences in the frequency of the DRD2Tag1B rs1079597 gene polymorphism were found between people practicing combat sports and the control group, and the DRD2 PROM. rs1799732, DRD2 rs1076560, DRD2 Tag1D rs1800498, DRD2 Ex8 rs6276, DRD2Tag1B rs1079597 and ANKK1 Tag1A rs1800497 genotypes and allele frequencies in the studied sample did not differ between the analyzed groups. Hence, we considered these polymorphic places as an interesting area for the further search for unambiguous associations between personality traits and attitude towards physical effort.

Differences in Personality Attributions Toward Tattooed and Nontattooed Virtual Human Characters

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Wohlrab ◽  
Bernhard Fink ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler ◽  
Gayle Brewer
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Selection ◽  
Sexual Partner ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Evolutionary Model ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Virtual Human ◽  
Body Modifications ◽  
Personality Attributions

Individuals with body modifications, such as tattoos, have been shown to differ from nonmodified individuals in sensation-seeking personality characteristics and sociosexuality. This study examined possible differences in people’s attributions of those characteristics toward virtual human characters varying in body modification. Some 287 participants rated tattooed and nontattooed bodies of avatars on aspects of sensation seeking and number of previous sexual partners. Tattooed stimuli were rated as more experience, thrill, and adventure seeking as well as more likely to have a high number of previous sexual partners and as less inhibited when compared to nontattooed stimuli, and this was particularly true for male stimuli. It was concluded that people with body modifications, such as tattoos, are perceived differently compared to nontattooed individuals in terms of sensation seeking and previous sexual partner number, this being particularly true for men. Findings are discussed with reference to the evolutionary model of human sexual selection.

Personality, Schizophrenia, and Violence: A Longitudinal Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Candini ◽  
Marta Ghisi ◽  
Gioia Bottesi ◽  
Clarissa Ferrari ◽  
Viola Bulgari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Violent Behavior ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Intervention ◽  
Axis Ii ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Violence ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Clinically Significant

The aims of this study were (a) to investigate the presence of clinically significant personality traits and personality disorders (PD) in patients living in residential facilities, with or without a history of violence (69 and 46, respectively); and (b) to investigate any associations between clinically significant personality traits and PDs, aggression, impulsivity, hostility, and violent behavior during a 1-year follow-up. The most frequent primary diagnoses were schizophrenia (58.3%) and PD (20.9%). Those with a history of violence demonstrated more antisocial and alcohol dependence features and lower depressive PD symptoms than the control group. Hostility levels, antisocial symptoms, and drug dependence, as well as a Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II diagnosis of PD, predicted aggressive and violent behavior during follow-up. The study confirms the relevance of assessing PDs both to evaluate the risk of violent behavior and to plan appropriate preventive and treatment intervention.

Individual Personality Characteristics Related to Suggestibility

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl W. Van Hook ◽  
Connie Steele
Keyword(s):  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ambiguity Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Of Ambiguity ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Male College ◽  
Tolerance For Ambiguity ◽  
Short Video ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Experimental Group

The current study investigated the relationship between suggestibility of memory, personality characteristics identified by the Millon Index of Personality Traits, and tolerance for ambiguity measured by MacDonald's Ambiguity Tolerance-20. 85 female and 16 male college students were assigned to either an experimental group receiving the suggestive information or a control group. Suggestibility was assessed using Lindberg's suggestibility measure consisting of a short video, followed by a questionnaire used to assess memory, and a second administration one week later. Logistical regression analyses were used to construct a model of the personality characteristics predictive of suggestibility and indicated that susceptibility to suggestive information may differ across personalities for variables such as sensing, innovating, agreeing, and low tolerance of ambiguity.

scholarly journals DO PERSONALITY TRAITS PREDICT BIASEDNESS WHILE MAKING INVESTMENT DECISIONS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Ashutosh Yadav ◽  
G. Badri Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Financial Advisors ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Behavioural Finance ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Financial Decision

The Investors’ rationality assumption of traditional finance theories has long been contested by behavioural finance over the past few decades. Various non-financial factors, responsible for shaping investors’ behaviour, including individual personality characteristics and the social environments surrounding the decisions to be made, have emerged in recent studies. With the advancement of behavioural finance, it is important to recuperate our understanding of how an individual’s personality make-up influences her susceptibility towards behavioural biases while making investment decisions. In this study, we explore the effect of the five personality traits on select behavioural biases (overconfidence, disposition and herding) in financial decision-making. A questionnaire comprising measures of personality traits, overconfidence and herding along with demographic variables was circulated to a representative sample (n=251) of Indian investors. Our findings suggest a significant impact of personality traits on the vulnerability of individuals while making investment decisions. Extrovert investors are more balanced, not overconfident, and do not follow the herd. Openness, extroversion, and agreeableness negatively impact the susceptibility of investors towards overconfidence and herding. The results can be used by financial advisors to develop personality specific financial tools to customise to the requirements of their clients. JEL Classification Codes: D14, D90, D91, G11.

Are robots like people?

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Woods ◽  
Kerstin Dautenhahn ◽  
Christina Kaouri ◽  
René te Boekhorst ◽  
Kheng Lee Koay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Home Context ◽  
Robot Companions

Identifying links between human personality and attributed robot personality is a relatively new area of human–robot interaction. In this paper we report on an exploratory study that investigates human and robot personality traits as part of a human–robot interaction trial. The trials took place in a simulated living-room scenario involving 28 participants and a human-sized robot of mechanical appearance. Participants interacted with the robot in two task scenarios relevant to a ‘robot in the home’ context. It was found that participants’ evaluations of their own personality traits are related to their evaluations of the robot’s personality traits. The statistical analysis of questionnaire data yields several statistically significant results: (a) Participants do not tend to assign their personality traits to match the robots’, (b) For individual personality traits, participants rated themselves as having stronger personality characteristics compared to the robot, (c) Specific significant correlations were found between participants’ and robot personality traits, and (d) Significant group differences for participant gender, age and technological background are highlighted. The results are discussed in light of developing personalized robot companions.

Differences in Ankle ROM Between Young Men and Women With a History of Ankle Sprain

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Jung-Hyun Kim ◽  
Eun-Sook Sung
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Ankle Sprain ◽  
Plantar Flexion ◽  
Ankle Injury ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ankle Joints ◽  
History Of ◽  
Male Subjects

Abstract Background Ankle injuries are the most common injuries in sports. However, very little is known about sex differences in ankle range of motion (ROM) between ankle joints with an episode of ankle sprain (ASE) and those without an episode of ankle sprain (non-ASE). This study aimed to investigate the differences of ankle ROM between men and women with and without ASE. Methods 26 ASE had at least one episode of ankle injury in the last 6 to 12 months. 35 non-ASE served as a control group. All subjects were examined in supine position and the ankle ROM was calculated by the sum of inversion (IV), eversion (EV), plantar flexion (PF) and dorsiflexion (DF) in both ankles. Results Subjects with ASE had a significantly smaller ROM regarding EV than non-ASE subjects in both ankles. The male subjects with ASE had a significantly higher EV and IV compared with the female subjects. However, ROM in PF was significantly lower among men compared with women who had ASE. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the ROM after ASE affects PF in male and EV in female patients. This could point to sex-based prevention and rehabilitation after ankle injury.

scholarly journals Are Tattooing Indicators of Dark Personalities? An Analysis of Body Modification within the Framework of Dark Triad of Personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4(S)) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Dan Florin Stanescu ◽  
Marius Constantin Romascanu
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Body Modification ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Inventory ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Body Modifications ◽  
Visible Body

There are several displays commonly labeled as body modifications, including body piercings, scarification, tattoos, cutting, etc. In this study, we were focused on one distinct form of body modification, namely tattoos. The current exploratory study investigated the connection between body modifications (BM) and Dark Triad personality for a sample of 77 university students with BM, compared to a control group of 77 non-BM individuals. Three self-administrated questionnaires were used to collect the data: Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-Short Form, Mach-IV scale, and Narcissistic Personality Inventory. The findings suggest that subclinical psychopathy is most strongly connected to body modifications. An increased number of tattoos was also significantly correlated with a higher level of anti-sociality. Participants with visible body modifications had significantly higher affective callousness and overall self-reported subclinical psychopathy levels, compared with individuals with non-visible alterations.

Adolescent Voice Quality Aberrations: Personality and Social Status

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Muma ◽  
Ronald L. Laeder ◽  
Clarence E. Webb
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Voice Quality ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peer Evaluations ◽  
Adolescent Voice

Seventy-eight subjects, identified as possessing voice quality aberrations for six months, constituted four experimental groups: breathiness, harshness, hoarseness, and nasality. A control group included 38 subjects. The four experimental groups were compared with the control group according to personality characteristics and peer evaluations. The results of these comparisons indicated that there was no relationship between voice quality aberration and either personality characteristics or peer evaluations.

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