Personality as Predictor of Achievement

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hartmann ◽  
Lars Larsen ◽  
Helmuth Nyborg
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Job Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Achievement

General intelligence, g, is a powerful predictor of education, job status and income, but the predictive power of personality is less clear. The objective of the present paper was to investigate the predictive power of personality (and g) with respect to education, job status, and income. We derived Eysenckian personality factors (P, E, N, L) from MMPI data; g was distilled from a large number of highly diverse cognitive variables. Linear, nonlinear, and interaction power in predicting socioeconomic achievement in 4200+ middle-aged American males was tested. In the present study, broad personality factors provided little incremental validity to g, in predicting socioeconomic achievement across type of education and job categories. This is at odds with previous studies, and does not exclude the possibility that certain personality factors (higher or lower order) have more predictive validity within certain job categories and education types.

scholarly journals Predictors of refugee adjustment Hahn et al.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hahn ◽  
David Richter ◽  
Juergen Schupp ◽  
Mitja Back
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Empirical Investigations

In light of the recent worldwide migration of refugees, determinants of a more or less successful integration are heavily discussed, but reliable empirical investigations are scarce and have often focused on sociodemographic factors. In the present study, we explore the role of several individual characteristics for refugee adjustment in the areas of institutional, interpersonal and intrapersonal adaptation. In a sample of 4,527 refugees (M = 33.6 years, 38% women), we investigated the predictive power of sociodemographic characteristics, cognitive skills and personality factors. Both, cognitive skills and personality, showed incremental predictive validity beyond sociodemographic factors for refugee adjustment comparable across contextual factors. The study underscores the importance of personality providing important implications for understanding integration processes and optimizing interventions on personal, social, and societal levels.

Personality Dimensions and Depression: Review and Commentary

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray W Enns ◽  
Brian J Cox
Keyword(s):  
Lower Order ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Depressive Illness ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Clinically Depressed ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives The relationship between dimensionally assessed personality and the onset, features, and course of depressive illness will be critically examined and considered in relation to 4 hypothesized models: predisposition or vulnerability; pathoplasty; complication or scar; and spectrum or continuity. Method Studies that have used clinically depressed adult patients to explore the relationship between personality dimensions and depression will be reviewed. Results Higher-order personality factors that have shown a significant and consistent association with major depressive illness include neuroticism, extraversion (negative relationship), and the factors of Cloninger's Tridimensional Personality Model. Neuroticism appears to be the most powerful predictor of depression. Lower-order factors showing a significant and consistent relationship with depressive illness include dependency, self-criticism, obsessionality, and perfectionism. The links between depression and dependency and self-criticism have the strongest empirical support. Conclusions Several personality dimensions are significantly associated with depressive illness, but the evidence that unequivocally demonstrates a true personality predisposition for depression is modest. Measures of personality may prove to be clinically useful for treatment selection.

Personality, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer:

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Amelang ◽  
Petra Hasselbach ◽  
Til Stürmer
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Smoking Behavior ◽  
Type A Behavior ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Emotional Lability ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Incident Cardiovascular Disease

Abstract. Ten years ago a sample of N = 5.133 male and female subjects (age 28-74) responded to questionnaires including scales for personality, life style, work stress as well as questions on prevalent disease. We now report on the follow-up regarding self-reported incidence of cardiovascular disease and cancer. During a mean follow-up of 10 years, 257 participants had died. Of those alive, N = 4.010 (82%) participated in the follow-up. Of these, 120 and 180 persons reported incident cardiovascular disease and cancer, respectively. The incidence of cardiovascular disease could be significantly predicted by the personality factors “Emotional Lability”, “Behavioral Control” and “Type-A-Behavior” as well as by the “Rationality/Antemotionality”-scale according to Grossarth-Maticek. After controlling for age, gender and smoking behavior only the significant effect of “Emotional Lability” remained and the predictors according to Grossarth-Maticek had no incremental validity. Cancer could not be predicted by any personality factors.

scholarly journals Investigating the incremental validity of cognitive variables in early mathematics screening.

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
Ben Clarke ◽  
Lina Shanley ◽  
Derek Kosty ◽  
Scott K. Baker ◽  
Mari Strand Cary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Early Mathematics

Improving Predictive Power of Conjoint Analysis by Constrained Parameter Estimation

1983 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Srinivasan ◽  
Arun K. Jain ◽  
Naresh K. Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Estimation ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
A Priori ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Constrained Estimation ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Full Profile ◽  
Different Levels

The prediction of first choice preferences by the full-profile method of conjoint analysis can be improved significantly by imposing constraints on parameters based on a priori knowledge of the ordering of part worths for different levels of an attribute. Constrained estimation however, has little effect on the predictive validity of the tradeoff method because the preference judgments within rows (or columns) of tradeoff tables have largely the same role as the constraints.

Culture and prosocial behavior. An Incremental Validity Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Melinda Sabo ◽  
Ioan Mihnea Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Dictator Game ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Social Axioms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The present study investigated if values and social axioms predict prosocial behavior, as well as the incremental validity of social axioms, beyond values in the prediction of prosocial behavior. Considering that there is no evidence in the scientific literature for studies that explore the relationship of these three variables, the aim of the study was to fill in this gap. Initially 177 participants took part in the study; in the final analysis, data from 155 participants was included. Participants could access the questionnaires on social networks where they had to complete four trials of the Ultimatum and Dictator Game, the Prosocialness Scale (Caprara et. al, 2005), the Romanian version of the second edition of Social Axioms Survey (SAS-II; Leung et al., 2012) and the Value Survey of Schwartz (1992). Results showed that social axioms have incremental validity over and beyond values in the prediction of prosocial behavior – measured objective and subjective. These results bring evidence for values and social axioms explaining a significant part of the variance of the prosocial behavior. In addition, social axioms have a significant predictive power beyond values. This study has a theoretical and a practical contribution, as well. It contributes to the development of the culture, as a concept by adding the notion of social axioms and has a practical contribution for planning interventions that focus on changing the way people cooperate or modifying the helping tendencies of people.

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF WITKIN'S DIMENSION IN RELATION TO SOCIAL CLASS, PERSONALITY FACTORS AND PIAGETIAN TESTS

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. S. Ghuman
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independence Dimension ◽  
Better Than

The research explores the relationships between the cognitive variables, as measured by Piagetian tests and standard Raven Matrices, and Witkin's Field-dependence/independence dimension (FD-FID). The association between sex, social class, and the personality variables, as assessed by the Children's Personality Questionnaire (CPQ) devised by Porter and Cattell, with the Witkin's dimension is also investigated. The sample consisted of sixty children of 11 to 12 years of age from two primary schools in Wales. The results show that there are significant correlations between Witkin's dimension and the cognitive variables including factor B of CPQ. However, no significant correlations were found between the personality traits and Witkin's dimension. There was a significant difference (p < 0.1) between the two social classes; middle-class children performed better than working-class children; but no significant difference was found between the boys and girls.

Predicting academic success with the Big 5 rated from different points of view: Self‐rated, other rated and faked

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Ziegler ◽  
Erik Danay ◽  
Franziska Schölmerich ◽  
Markus Bühner
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Domain Score ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Personality Questionnaire ◽  
Big 5 ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Predict Academic Success ◽  
Figural Reasoning

Self‐ratings of personality predict academic success above general intelligence. The present study replicated these findings and investigated the increment of other‐ratings or intentionally distorted self‐ratings. Participants (N = 145) had to compile a personality questionnaire twice. First they were given neutral instructions. The second time they were asked to imagine a specific applicant setting. Furthermore, two peers rated each participant. Additionally, verbal, numerical and figural reasoning scores were obtained. Grades on a statistics exam obtained 2 months later served as the criterion. Results replicated prior findings and showed incremental validity for self‐ and other‐rated personality, which was stable after controlling for intelligence. Faking had no impact on the domain‐score level, but results on the facet‐score level were less encouraging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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