scholarly journals Predictors of refugee adjustment Hahn et al.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hahn ◽  
David Richter ◽  
Juergen Schupp ◽  
Mitja Back
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Empirical Investigations

In light of the recent worldwide migration of refugees, determinants of a more or less successful integration are heavily discussed, but reliable empirical investigations are scarce and have often focused on sociodemographic factors. In the present study, we explore the role of several individual characteristics for refugee adjustment in the areas of institutional, interpersonal and intrapersonal adaptation. In a sample of 4,527 refugees (M = 33.6 years, 38% women), we investigated the predictive power of sociodemographic characteristics, cognitive skills and personality factors. Both, cognitive skills and personality, showed incremental predictive validity beyond sociodemographic factors for refugee adjustment comparable across contextual factors. The study underscores the importance of personality providing important implications for understanding integration processes and optimizing interventions on personal, social, and societal levels.

scholarly journals Predictors of Refugee Adjustment: The Importance of Cognitive Skills and Personality

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hahn ◽  
David Richter ◽  
Jürgen Schupp ◽  
Mitja D. Back
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Living Situation ◽  
Educational History ◽  
Risk Appetite ◽  
Residency Status

In light of the recent worldwide migration of refugees, determinants of a more or less successful integration are heavily discussed, but reliable empirical investigations are scarce and have often focused on sociodemographic factors. In the present study, we explore the role of several individual characteristics for refugee adjustment in the areas of (a) institutional, (b) interpersonal and (c) intrapersonal adaptation. In a sample of 4,527 refugees (M = 33.6 years, 38% women), we investigated the effect of sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, months in Germany, religious affiliation), cognitive factors (cognitive ability, educational history, language skills, integration-course participation), and personality (locus of control, risk appetite, willingness to reciprocity) on adjustment parameters. Both, cognitive skills (especially language skills) and personality, showed incremental validity beyond sociodemographic factors for refugee adjustment comparable across contextual factors. Even with respect to contextual factors such as residency status and living situation, results remained largely stable. The study provides first hints on the importance of personality, thereby providing important implications for understanding integration processes and optimizing interventions on personal, social, and societal levels.

Factors Associated with the Guardianship of Places: Assessing the Relative Importance of the Spatio-Physical and Sociodemographic Contexts in Generating Opportunities for Capable Guardianship

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Reynald
Keyword(s):  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Occupancy Monitoring ◽  
Observational Measure ◽  
Suitable Target

Routine activity theory can be applied to places in which a motivated offender encounters a suitable target that is not effectively guarded. The focus of this article was on the third aspect of this theory as the explanatory power of guardianship was examined and compared to other related contextual factors in explaining criminal victimization at micro-places. This empirical study used an observational measure of guardianship in action in residential places by observing household occupancy, monitoring by residents, and direct intervention during the daytime and nighttime. The results demonstrated the significant role of active guardianship compared to other spatio-physical and sociodemographic factors in explaining the amount of property crime recorded at the street segment level. This article is concluded by highlighting the ways in which these contextual factors help generate opportunities for capable guardianship, while simultaneously blocking opportunities for property crime.

scholarly journals The relationship between personality and the capacity to think strategically

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-154
Author(s):  
Vanessa Crawford ◽  
Karl Hofmeyr ◽  
Gavin Price
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Complexity Leadership ◽  
Complexity Leadership Theory ◽  
Effective Leaders ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Psychological Inventory

Effective leaders who have the capacity to solve complex, strategic business problems are a key differentiator in the new world of work. As external environmental changes converge with internal organisational shifts, the need for a strong bench of leaders becomes critical in driving profitable growth. This study explores the relationship between personality and the capacity to think strategically, an important component of managing the complexity of the emerging environment. Based on the California Psychological Inventory and Career Path Appreciation assessments of 256 managers and executives, the existence of relationships between a number of personality factors and the respondents’ future potential capability (FPC) were tested to identify which personality factors are predictors of the potential to think strategically. Anchored in Complexity Leadership Theory (CLT), this research builds on the leadership functions of CLT to provide new insight into the role of individual characteristics in the ability to think strategically. The consolidated findings identified Dominance, Flexibility, Achievement via Independence, Psychological Mindedness and Self-Acceptance as key constructs in the ability to think strategically. These outcomes sharpen the new leadership profile and enable the development of tools that can directly improve the organisation’s ability to identify, attract, select and develop leaders who are proficient in the emergent, complex context.

Personality as Predictor of Achievement

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hartmann ◽  
Lars Larsen ◽  
Helmuth Nyborg
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Lower Order ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
General Intelligence ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Powerful Predictor ◽  
Job Status ◽  
Socioeconomic Achievement

General intelligence, g, is a powerful predictor of education, job status and income, but the predictive power of personality is less clear. The objective of the present paper was to investigate the predictive power of personality (and g) with respect to education, job status, and income. We derived Eysenckian personality factors (P, E, N, L) from MMPI data; g was distilled from a large number of highly diverse cognitive variables. Linear, nonlinear, and interaction power in predicting socioeconomic achievement in 4200+ middle-aged American males was tested. In the present study, broad personality factors provided little incremental validity to g, in predicting socioeconomic achievement across type of education and job categories. This is at odds with previous studies, and does not exclude the possibility that certain personality factors (higher or lower order) have more predictive validity within certain job categories and education types.

Beauty still matters: The role of attractiveness in labour market outcomes

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Anýžová ◽  
Petr Matějů
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Western World ◽  
Market Outcomes

The main objective of the study is threefold: first, to examine the role of attractiveness in the Czech labour market; second, to assess gender differences in returns of attractiveness; and third, to show that the positive association between attractiveness and earnings does not disappear even when cognitive skills, social background, occupational status and individual characteristics are controlled for. The study uses data from the first large-scale sociological survey focusing on attractiveness carried out in the Czech Republic. The results provide strong evidence for the hypothesis that, in general, more attractive people have a better chance of higher socioeconomic occupational status as well as higher incomes than less attractive individuals even when controlling for cognitive skills, social background, occupational status and personality. However, the analysis also shows that the relationships are different for men and women. The study finds that the income premium for attractiveness is markedly higher among prime-aged women than men. The authors conclude that there have been profound changes in the last 30–40 years in the Western world and that the importance of physical attractiveness and erotic capital has been increasing, especially for women.

Longitudinal Antecedents of School Bonding in Adolescence

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Terrett ◽  
Meredith O'Connor ◽  
Mary T. Hawkins ◽  
Ann Sanson ◽  
Diana Smart
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Development ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
School Bonding ◽  
Adolescent Outcomes ◽  
Australian Sample ◽  
The Individual

School bonding has been identified as a protective factor for a broad range of adolescent outcomes, and it is thus important to identify factors that foster positive relationships with school. The ecological perspective suggests the importance of both individual and contextual antecedents across developmental periods, yet previous research has tended to examine only a narrow selection of school bonding correlates. This study sought to identify longitudinal influences on school bonding, examining the role of both individual and contextual factors over childhood and early adolescence. We draw on data from 1,308 participants (51% female) in the Australian Temperament Project, a large representative Australian sample that has followed the psychosocial development of participants from infancy to adulthood, and thus provides a rare opportunity to address this gap in the literature. Path analysis was conducted to examine individual and contextual predictors of school bonding at 15–16 years. The individual characteristics of higher academic achievement and sociability, and lower hyperactivity predicted school bonding. Contextual factors also made a significant contribution, including the parent–child relationships and maternal education. The results indicate that both individual and contextual factors make unique contributions to school bonding in adolescence, suggesting a number of potential targets for intervention.

Reinvigorating the Concept of a Situation in Situational Judgment Tests

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas A. Brown ◽  
Ashley Bell Jones ◽  
David G. Serfass ◽  
Ryne A. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Personality Measures ◽  
Situational Judgment ◽  
Situational Judgment Tests ◽  
General Domain ◽  
Per Se

What is the role of the situation in situational judgment tests (SJTs)? Lievens and Motowidlo (2016) assert that SJTs are somewhat of a misnomer because they do not actually measure how individuals would behave in a given situation per se. According to these researchers, SJTs assess general domain knowledge—whether potential employees recognize the “utility of expressing certain traits” (p. 4). As a result, SJTs map onto personality measures, which are a summary of behavior across time and situations. SJTs provide predictive validity in part because they tap into personality. However, rather than renaming SJTs, it is possible to reintroduce the concept of a situation to provide even greater predictive power. Thus, the goals of this commentary are to (a) clarify what constitutes a situation, (b) describe what SJTs might actually measure, and (c) set forth a path for a taxonomy of workplace situations.

scholarly journals Predictors of foster father’s engagement in foster family homes

Family Forum ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 151-164
Author(s):  
Patrycja Kaszubska-Dziergas
Keyword(s):  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
Children's Home ◽  
Children’S Homes ◽  
Foster Father ◽  
Foster Fathers ◽  
High Level

Research background: Foster fatherhood is undoubtedly a specific kind of fatherhood, since the man, often being a husband and father to his biological offspring, makes the decision to play the role of a foster father, the performance of which requires a high level of engagement in the realization of caring-rearing as well as compensatory activities, which – in turn – call for constant raising of the competences of working with an orphaned child.Research aim: To learn about the factors which condition the level of involvement of foster fathers in the realization of parenting activity in family-run children’s homes in both the global and partial dimensions.Research method: In the study, the method of diagnostic survey and that of assessment were applied.Obtained results: The analyses proved that the level of engagement of foster fathers in the realization of parenting activity in family-run children’s homes is to a large extent conditioned by foster fathers’ personality factors; to a smaller degree it is influenced by sociodemographic factors or those which are based in the system of social welfare.Conclusions: The specific nature of tasks set for a family-run children’s home demands that foster fathers should engage in the realization of parenting activity to the highest possible degree. It is thus not only important for men to be prepared to play the role of a foster father, but it is also vital to constantly support them in this role.

MEDIA SOCIALIZATION OF PERSONALITY IN THE CONTEXT OF INMUTATION IN THE MASS MEDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Chernysh O.O.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Individual

The urgency of the researched problem is connected with the growing role of mass media in modern conditions leads to change of values and transformation of identity of the person. The active growth of the role of the media, their influence on the formation and development of personality leads to the concept of “media socialization” and immutation in the media. The aim of the study is to outline the possibilities of the process of media socialization in the context of immutation in the media. The methods of our research are: analysis of pedagogical, psychological, literature, synthesis, comparison, generalization. The article analyzes the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the problem of immutation in the media and the transformation of the information space. In the context of the mass nature of the immutation of society, the concept of “media socialization” becomes relevant, which is the basis for reducing the negative impact of the media on the individual.The author identifies the lack of a thorough study of the concept of “media socialization” in modern scientific thought. Thus, media socialization is associated with the transformation of traditional means of socialization, and is to assimilate and reproduce the social experience of mankind with the help of new media.The article analyzes the essence of the concepts “media space”, “mass media” and “immutation”. The influence of mass media on the formation and development of the modern personality is described in detail.The study concluded that it is necessary to form a media culture of the individual, to establish safe and effective interaction of young people with the modern media system, the formation of media awareness, media literacy and media competence in accordance with age and individual characteristics for successful media socialization. The role of state bodies in solving the problem of media socialization of the individual was also determined. It is determined that the process of formation of media culture in youth should take place at the level of traditional institutions of socialization of the individual.The author sees the prospect of further research in a detailed analysis and study of the potential of educational institutions as an institution and a means of counteracting the mass nature of the immutation of society.Key words: immutation, media socialization, mass media, media space, information.

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