AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF WITKIN'S DIMENSION IN RELATION TO SOCIAL CLASS, PERSONALITY FACTORS AND PIAGETIAN TESTS

1977 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. S. Ghuman
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Cognitive Variables ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Independence Dimension ◽  
Better Than

The research explores the relationships between the cognitive variables, as measured by Piagetian tests and standard Raven Matrices, and Witkin's Field-dependence/independence dimension (FD-FID). The association between sex, social class, and the personality variables, as assessed by the Children's Personality Questionnaire (CPQ) devised by Porter and Cattell, with the Witkin's dimension is also investigated. The sample consisted of sixty children of 11 to 12 years of age from two primary schools in Wales. The results show that there are significant correlations between Witkin's dimension and the cognitive variables including factor B of CPQ. However, no significant correlations were found between the personality traits and Witkin's dimension. There was a significant difference (p < 0.1) between the two social classes; middle-class children performed better than working-class children; but no significant difference was found between the boys and girls.

Sleep Patterns, Personality, and Subjective Anomalous Experiences

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Simmonds-Moore
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Personality Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anomalous Experience ◽  
Sleep Length ◽  
Personal Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

An opportunity sample comprising 281 participants completed a battery of questionnaires, which included questions on sleep, the Anomalous Experience Inventory [1], the STA scale (for measurement of positive schizotypy) [2], the Complex Partial Epileptic-like signs scale of the Personal Philosophy Inventory [3], Hartmann's Short Boundary Questionnaire (BQ) [4], and the revised Transliminality scale [5]. There was no difference between long and short sleepers on anomalous experiences. All personality variables correlated positively with anomalous experiences. A significant difference was found between short and average and average and long sleepers on positive schizotypy. No other personality variables related to sleep variables. A regression path analysis indicated that the strongest predictors of anomalous experiences were personality factors (in particular, Transliminality and Temporal lobe lability). Reduced sleep quality was also a direct predictor. Reduced sleep need was found to be an indirect predictor of anomalous experiences. Findings support the idea that anomalous experiences could be associated with reduced sleep quality, but not sleep length. The relationship between personality and anomalous experiences may be partially modulated by sleep variables. Further research is needed in this area.

Social Class Differences in Mental Retardation and Subnormality

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Rantakallio
Keyword(s):  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Sick Leave ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Severe Mental Retardation ◽  
Mild Mental Retardation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mental Subnormality ◽  
Class Iv

Social class and regional differences in mental retardation were studied in a birth cohort of 12000 children followed up until the age of 14. The incidence of severe mental retardation IQ<50 was significantly higher in farming families and in less developed areas, which is in agreement with the fact that a greater part of the population in these areas belong to social class IV and farmers. The obvious explanation for the higher incidence of severe mental retardation among farmers is an excess of older mothers in this group. In the group of severe mental retardation, paternal unemployment was also statistically, significantly more frequent than among the others. Mild mental retardation, IQ 50–70, was significantly higher in all classes other than I+II and mental subnormality, IQ 71–85 was higher in social classes III and IV. The other less favourable social conditions, which were statistically more frequent in the families of the mentally subnormal, were that: the father had died, was unemployed, on sick leave or receiveing a pension and the mother was not living at home, was unemployed, or was on sick leave or receiving a pension. The incidence of mental subnormality was significantly higher in more developed areas, in spite of the fact that the members of social class IV were less and those of classes I+II more numerous than elsewhere. One probable explanation for the higher incidence of mild mental retardation and mental subnormality in the lower social classes, is found in socio-familial factors, and, with regard to the excess of these conditions in urban areas, in either the difference in socio-cultural factors or in an eargerness to diagnose these conditions. When only the cases of mental retardation, for which no risk factor or aetiology was known, were considered, a statistically significant difference was only found in mild mental retardation and mental subnormality; the incidence of these conditions being higher in social class IV than in I+II.

scholarly journals An Assessment of Various Competencies Reflected in ECE Curriculum 2007 among Children in Government Primary Schools in Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

2017 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Samina Altaf Et al.,
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
National Curriculum ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Mixed Gender ◽  
Better Than

This survey research was focused on assessing various competencies developed among the children of Early Childhood Education (ECE) classes at primary level subject to the National Curriculum 2007 for Early Childhood Education. The researchers developed the objectives: to examine the different competencies of the ECE students given in the curriculum 2007; to make comparison of these competencies of students studying in primary schools for boys, girls and both genders; and to find out the differences in their competencies of ECE students study in urban, semi-urban and rural primary schools. A self-developed test used to measure competencies of children in different learning areas given ECE curriculum 2007. After validation and confirmation of reliability, this test was administered to 1200 children selected from 120 sample schools selected through random sampling technique. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, mean score, ANOVA and Post hoc test. The mean scores of ECE students for all competencies were found slightly above average. A significant difference was observed in mean scores among the boys only, girls only and mixed gender ECE in all learning areas. The students studying in urban and semi–urban schools were better than rural schools students.

scholarly journals The Association of Weight Status with Physical Fitness among Chinese Children

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianwen Shang ◽  
Ailing Liu ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Xiaoqi Hu ◽  
Lin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fitness Tests ◽  
Better Than

Objective. To investigate the association of weight status with physical fitness among Chinese children.Methods. A total of 6929 children aged 6–12 years were selected from 15 primary schools of 5 provincial capital cities in eastern China. The height and fasting body weight were measured. The age-, sex-specific BMI WHO criteria was used to define underweight, overweight and obesity. Physical fitness parameters including standing broad jump, 50 m sprint, and 50 m∗8 shuttle run were tested.Results. The prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity was 3.1%, 14.9%, and 7.8%, respectively. Boys performed better than girls, and the older children performed better than their younger counterparts for all physical fitness tests. No significant difference in all three physical fitness tests were found between children with underweight and with normal weight, and they both performed better than their counterparts with overweight and obese in all three physical fitness tests. The likelihood of achieving good performance was much lower among overweight and obese children in comparison with their counterparts with normal weight (OR=0.13–0.54).Conclusions. An inverse association of obesity with cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle explosive strength, and speed was identified among Chinese children.

scholarly journals The State of Art Appreciation among Nine- and Ten-Year-Old Students in Slovenian Primary Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-116
Author(s):  
Jerneja Herzog ◽  
Matjaž Duh
Keyword(s):  
Urban Schools ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Art Appreciation ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Education Practice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Better Than

In the contemporary process of teaching fine arts, the students’ own creative expression and art appreciation are used to encourage learners towards both perception and reception; consequently, the evaluation and internalisation of works of art play an equally important role. In art education practice, we manage to provide adequate incentives and are able to follow incentives for artistic expression, but pay less attention to developing art appreciation. This research presents the results of a study that monitored the development of art appreciation abilities among 9- and 10-year-old students (4th and 5th grades; n = 2794) in Slovenian primary schools. The level of art appreciation abilities was rather average, but was more developed among older students and girls. In monitoring the school stratum, we did, however, notice a statistically significant difference regarding perception, whereby students in urban schools performed better than their peers in suburban schools.

Transplantation of coral fragment, Acropora formosa (Scleractinia)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho ◽  
Maykel A.J Karauwan
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acropora Formosa ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Better Than

The minimum size of coral transplants, Acropora formosa, was assessed to support their survival and growth. For this, 150 coral fragments of different sizes (5, 10, 15 cm) were transplanted close to the donor colony. Their survivorship and growth were observed for 12 months. At the end of the observation time, 90% of 15 cm-transplanted coral fragments survived, while the others (10cm and 5 cm) did 86% and 82% respectively. The average growth rate of 5 cm-coral fragments was 0.860 cm/month, while 10 and 15 cm-fragments were 0.984 cm/month and 1.108 cm/month respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) among the three (5, 10, 15 cm) transplant initial sizes in which the longest fragment size tended to survive longer than the smaller one.  However, the smaller transplants grew better than the bigger one, 10.318 cm/year (206%) for 5 cm-transplant, 11.803 cm/year (118%) for 10 cm-transplant, and 13.299 cm/year (89%) for 15 cm-transplant, respectively. Ukuran minimal fragmen karang Acropora formosa yang ditransplantasi diduga untuk mendukung ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhannya. Untuk itu, 150 fragmen karang ditransplantasi ke lokasi yang berdekatan dengan koloni induknya.  Ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhan semua fragmen karang yang ditransplantasi diamati selama 12 bulan.  Pada akhir pengamatan, 90% dari fragmen karang berukuran 15 cm yang ditransplantasi dapat bertahan hidup, sedangkan yang lainnya (ukuran 10 cm dan 5 cm) masing-masing sebesar 86% dan 82%.  Rata-rata laju pertumbuhan fragmen karang dengan ukuran awal 5 cm adalah 0,860 cm/bulan, sedangkan ukuran fragmen 10 dan 15 cm masing-masing adalah 0,984 cm/bulan and 1,108 cm/bulan. ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05) antara ketiga ukuran fragmen yang berbeda, di mana ukuran fragmen karang yang lebih panjang cenderung mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih baik. Namun demikian, ukuran transplant yang lebih kecil memiliki pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran yang lebih besar, yakni10,318 cm/tahun (206%) untuk transplant berukuran 5 cm, 11,803 cm/tahun (118%) untuk 10 cm, dan 13,299 cm/tahun (89%) untuk ukuran 15 cm.

Isolation of an Anti-fatigue Preparation from Cellulase-treated Maca by Hydroalcoholic Extraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Zheng Yue ◽  
Zhang Wen-Cheng ◽  
Wu Ze-Yu ◽  
Fu Chuan-Xiang ◽  
Gao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Hepatic Glycogen ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Swimming Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-fatigue activity of maca hydroalcoholic extract (ME), which mainly contains macamides and polysaccharides. ME was prepared by circumfluence extraction with enzymatic pre-treatment. Anti-fatigue activity of ME was investigated in weight-loaded forced swimming mice, with pure macamides and commercially available maca tablet as positive control. Compared with normal group, pure macamides treatment group could prolong the swimming time to exhaustion, but there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05); while ME (middle-dose and high-dose groups) could effectively prolong the swimming durations (P < 0.05). Supplementation with pure macamides significantly decreased blood lactic acid (BLA), whereas ME significantly increased hepatic glycogen (HG), decreased BLA, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) compared with those in normal control (P < 0.05). The results suggested that the anti-fatigue effect of ME was better than that of pure macamides, which can be explained by the increase of glycogen storage and the reduction of metabolites accumulation.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT OF ADOLESCENTS WITH REFERENCE TO GENDER

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Chandel ◽  
Seema Chopra
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male Adolescents ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Understanding Emotions ◽  
School Records ◽  
Better Than

The present study was undertaken to find out emotional intelligence and academic achievement of male and female adolescents. The sample consists of 82 students( 41 male and 41 female adolescents) from different schools in Hamirpur district of Himachal Pradesh. Emotional intelligence was assessed with the help of Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Singh and Narain (2014) and academic achievement score were taken from the school records. The results revealed that there exists a significant difference in emotional intelligence of male and female adolescents. It was found that there existed significant difference in academic achievement of female adolescents and male adolescents. The mean emotional intelligence of female adolescents was better than of male adolescents. On the dimensions of emotional intelligence, it was found that there was no significant difference between male and female adolescents on understanding emotions, empathy and handling relations dimensions of emotional intelligence; while it was reported that there was significant difference between male and female adolescents on understanding motivation dimension of emotional intelligence On the other hand, it was found that there existed significant difference in academic achievement of female adolescents and male adolescents.

Experiences of Stereotyping and Tracking in Appalachia: A Case in Consolidation and Social Class

2021 ◽  
pp. 155545892098233
Author(s):  
Connor J. Fewell ◽  
Michael E. Hess ◽  
Charles Lowery ◽  
Madeleine Gervason ◽  
Sarah Ahrendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Social Class ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
School Level ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
First Time

This case explores the complexities of how consolidation perpetuates stereotypes among different social classes in a rural Appalachian school setting. Examined are the experiences at the intersection of social class in rural U.S. school districts when two communities—one affluent and one underresourced—are consolidated. We present a nuanced critical incident that focuses on how school leaders perceive and address students’ experiences with tracking and stereotyping—particularly at a middle school level where elementary schools from diverse backgrounds attend school together for the first time.

scholarly journals Integrated Bimodal Fitting for Unilateral CI Users with Residual Contralateral Hearing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Gennaro Auletta ◽  
Annamaria Franzè ◽  
Carla Laria ◽  
Carmine Piccolo ◽  
Carmine Papa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cochlear Implants ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Speech Intelligibility ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Performance Difference ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Noisy Conditions ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Better Than

Background: The aim of this study was to compare, in users of bimodal cochlear implants, the performance obtained using their own hearing aids (adjusted with the standard NAL-NL1 fitting formula) with the performance using the Phonak Naìda Link Ultra Power hearing aid adjusted with both NAL-NL1 and a new bimodal system (Adaptive Phonak Digital Bimodal (APDB)) developed by Advanced Bionics and Phonak Corporations. Methods: Eleven bimodal users (Naìda CI Q70 + contralateral hearing aid) were enrolled in our study. The users’ own hearing aids were replaced with the Phonak Naìda Link Ultra Power and fitted following the new formula. Speech intelligibility was assessed in quiet and noisy conditions, and comparisons were made with the results obtained with the users’ previous hearing aids and with the Naída Link hearing aids fitted with the NAL-NL1 generic prescription formula. Results: Using Phonak Naìda Link Ultra Power hearing aids with the Adaptive Phonak Digital Bimodal fitting formula, performance was significantly better than that with the users’ own rehabilitation systems, especially in challenging hearing situations for all analyzed subjects. Conclusions: Speech intelligibility tests in quiet settings did not reveal a significant difference in performance between the new fitting formula and NAL-NL1 fittings (using the Naída Link hearing aids), whereas the performance difference between the two fittings was very significant in noisy test conditions.

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