Sex Differences on the German Wechsler Intelligence Test for Children (WISC-IV)

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutz Goldbeck ◽  
Monika Daseking ◽  
Susanne Hellwig-Brida ◽  
Hans C. Waldmann ◽  
Franz Petermann
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index ◽  
German Edition ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning

This study investigates cognitive sex differences in child and adolescent intelligence as measured by the WISC-IV (German edition; Petermann & Petermann, 2007 ). It was hypothesized that there would be no differences attributable to sex in Full Scale IQ (FSIQ), but on various composite score levels. Sex effects were expected to be more pronounced during/after puberty than before. Method: The standardization sample of the German WISC-IV (N = 1650) was used to assess and evaluate sex differences in test performance across defined age groups (6–9, 10–12, and 13–16 years). Results: At all ages, there were no gender effects in the Full-Scale IQ, but gender effects favoring boys in the Verbal Comprehension Index (t = 3.94, p < .001, d = .19) and Perceptual Reasoning Index (t = 2.69, p = .007, d = .13). In the Processing Speed Index, girls scored higher than boys (t = 6.75, p < .001, d = .33). No significant sex-by-age interaction effect was found using ANOVA, but various 1-df contrasts showed substantial sex differences at specific ages. Conclusions: Results are discussed in the context of the specific constructs measured by the WISC-IV, taking into account recent findings in neurobiological and developmental psychology.

Internal Consistency Reliability of the Wisc–IV among Primary School Students

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 874-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Ryan ◽  
Laura A. Glass ◽  
Jared M. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
School Students ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Standardization Sample ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning

Internal consistency reliabilities of the WISC–IV subtest and index scores were estimated for a sample of 76 primary school students from a small Midwestern community. Means for age and Full Scale IQ were 8.2 yr. ( SD = 2.3) and 110.5 ( SD = 11.7), respectively. Internal consistency reliabilities were compared with those for the WISC–IV standardization sample of 200. The range of reliabilities for the subtests was from .76 for Picture Concepts to .94 for Arithmetic and from .92 for Perceptual Reasoning Index to .96 for Verbal Comprehension Index and Full Scale IQ. The Full Scale IQ internal consistency reliability is comparable to that of the standardization sample. However, in all but one instance the reliabilities were greater than those of the normative sample.

A-35 Relationship between Suicidality and Discrepancies in Verbal and Nonverbal Intelligence in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1076-1076
Author(s):  
Dov Gold ◽  
Danya Ravid ◽  
Emily Crain ◽  
Karen Holler
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Lifetime Number ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index ◽  
Linear Regression Modeling ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Iq Discrepancy

Abstract Objective Many have examined the relationship between intellectual functioning (IQ) and suicidality in children and adolescents. However, no study to date has investigated how discrepancies between verbal and nonverbal IQ may influence suicide risk in adolescents. This study used a sample of patients hospitalized on an adolescent psychiatric unit to compare number of lifetime suicide attempts (SA) among those with a ≥ 22-point difference between verbal and nonverbal abilities. Method Data were retroactively collected from a convenience sample. Patients were grouped based on discrepancies between Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) and Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) scores (VCI &gt; PRI & VCI). Results The number of lifetime ACEs or size of IQ discrepancy did not significantly differ between groups; however, those in the VCI &lt; PRI (μ = 1.13 ± 0.98) group had a significant higher number of SAs than those in the VCI &gt; PRI group (μ = 0.50 ± 0.86) (t(32) = 2.01, p = 0.05). Hedges’ g revealed large effect for IQ discrepancy type and number of SAs. Linear regression modeling revealed a positive association between number of ACEs and number of SAs (ß = 0.10, t(33) = 2.71, p = 0.01). Size of IQ discrepancy was not significantly contributory to total SAs. Conclusion VCI being considerably lower than PRI may increase risk of SA in adolescents. This risk may be further exacerbated by lifetime number of ACEs.

Performance on Tests of Power and Speed as Related to Age among Male Job Applicants

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred J. Thumin
Keyword(s):  
Test Performance ◽  
Reading Speed ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Mental Ability ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Aging Worker ◽  
Comprehension Tests

A number of ability tests were administered to 187 male job applicants ranging in age from twenty to fifty-three years. When test-performance was compared across age groups, no significant differences were found on tests of mental ability, numerical ability, reading speed and comprehension, and mechanical comprehension. On one of two verbal comprehension tests, scores increased significantly as a function of age. Moreover, the older individuals were not penalized in any way by tests which emphasized speed as opposed to power. The findings were discussed in connection with the generally negative stereotype of the aging worker.

Substitution of Supplementary Subtests for Core Subtests on Composite Reliability of WAIS–IV Indexes

2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Ryan ◽  
Laura A. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Measurement Error ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning ◽  
Composite Reliability ◽  
Unique Index

The effects of replacing core subtests with supplementary subtests on composite-score reliabilities were evaluated for the WAIS–IV Indexes. Composite score reliabilities and SEMs (i.e., confidence intervals around obtained scores) are provided for the 13 unique Index scores calculated following the subtest substitution guidelines of Wechsler in 2008. In all instances, unique Index composite-score reliabilities were comparable to their respective core Index score composite reliabilities, and measurement error never increased by more than 1 point. Using the standard Verbal Comprehension Index and Perceptual Reasoning Index and the unique subtest combinations for the Working Memory and Processing Speed indexes, which have the lowest composite-score reliabilities, decreased Full Scale composite reliability by .01, while the associated confidence interval of ± 6 represents an increase in measurement error of 1 IQ point.

scholarly journals Motor skills predict adaptive behavior in autistic children and adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas E Fears ◽  
Stephanie A Palmer ◽  
Haylie L Miller
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning

There is a well-documented difference between IQ and adaptive behavior scores in autism, with autistic children having lower adaptive behavior scores than would be predicted based on their IQ scores. Differences in motor skills may explain the variability in their adaptive behavior scores. The current study examined how motor skills might explain autistic individuals’ low adaptive behavior scores and which individual components of IQ (i.e., verbal comprehension and perceptual reasoning) and motor skills (i.e., manual dexterity, aiming and catching, and balance) may drive this effect. We examined the relationships between IQ, motor skills, calibrated severity, and adaptive behavior scores in 45 autistic children and adolescents. We found a significant difference in the full-scale IQ and the adaptive behavior scores indicating that our participants’ adaptive behavior scores were lower than would be expected given their full-scale IQ. We investigated whether motor skills predicted adaptive behavior in autistic children and adolescents and found that motor skills scores were related to adaptive behavior scores. To further investigate these relationships, we examined how individual components of IQ and motor skills predicted adaptive behavior scores in autistic children and adolescents. Our results indicated that manual dexterity scores were related to adaptive behavior scores. These findings clearly illustrate the need for further understanding of autistic individuals’ difficulties with adaptive behavior and the potential role of motor skill difficulties that may underlie these difficulties.

INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS AMONG RURAL LEARNERS IN MOROCCO

2020 ◽  
pp. 367-375
Author(s):  
Khalid Marnoufi ◽  
◽  
Bouzekri Touri ◽  
Mohammed Bergadi ◽  
Imane Ghazlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Rural Students ◽  
Intelligence Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Test ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Full Scale Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index

The full scale intelligence quotient is a strong predictor of educational success. The aim of this study was to calculate the full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) of Moroccan rural students in the Safi region. the psychometric test Wechsler intelligence scale for childrenand adolescents -5th edition WISC V was used by administering the five indexes, namely the verbal comprehension index, visuospatial index, fluid reasoning index, working memory index and processing speed index, to compare them to the average ofthe Wechsler tests. The study carried on 104 students (46 girls and 58 boys) between the ages of 12 and 15 years old, 67% of the students were boarders and 33% were external students.We administered all the 15 subtests of WISC V on each participant.The results showed that the verbal comprehension index was higher than the other four indexes in WISC V. In terms of correlations among the five indexes, the results show different types of relationships among the test indexes.

scholarly journals Characterization of Intelligence in Children with Exotropia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3008
Author(s):  
Tao Sun ◽  
Zhonghao Wang ◽  
Tao Shen ◽  
Jianhua Yan ◽  
Chuanbo Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Processing Speed ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Verbal Comprehension ◽  
Full Scale Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Verbal Comprehension Index ◽  
Angle Of Deviation ◽  
Perceptual Reasoning

The effect of exotropia on the intelligence of children is unknown. This study aimed to assess the intelligence in children with exotropia and investigate the influence of the main clinical indexes of strabismus on intelligence. Eighty-four participants aged 8–12 years were enrolled, including 37 patients with exotropia (exotropia group) and 47 normal individuals (normal group). Intelligence was assessed by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Fourth Edition (WISC-IV), including the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), Processing Speed Index (PSI), and Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). The exotropia group had a significantly lower PRI score but a higher PSI score than the normal group. However, there was no significant difference in the WMI, VCI, and FSIQ between groups. Multiple linear regression showed that PRI–WMI and PRI–PSI differences were significantly lower in the exotropia group. Inter-subscale correlations analysis showed that the pattern of intelligence structure was different between groups. The type of exotropia, angle of deviation, duration of symptoms, and stereoacuity had no effect on the intelligence of children with exotropia. Children with exotropia had a relatively worse performance in the perceptual reasoning skill but a better processing speed and a different pattern of intelligence structure.

scholarly journals Tower Running—Participation, Performance Trends, and Sex Difference

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stark ◽  
Stefania Di Gangi ◽  
Caio Victor Sousa ◽  
Pantelis Nikolaidis ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Statistical Model ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Stair Climbing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
The Difference

Though there are exhaustive data about participation, performance trends, and sex differences in performance in different running disciplines and races, no study has analyzed these trends in stair climbing and tower running. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate these trends in tower running. The data, consisting of 28,203 observations from 24,007 climbers between 2014 and 2019, were analyzed. The effects of sex and age, together with the tower characteristics (i.e., stairs and floors), were examined through a multivariable statistical model with random effects on intercept, at climber’s level, accounting for repeated measurements. Men were faster than women in each age group (p < 0.001 for ages ≤69 years, p = 0.003 for ages > 69 years), and the difference in performance stayed around 0.20 km/h, with a minimum of 0.17 at the oldest age. However, women were able to outperform men in specific situations: (i) in smaller buildings (<600 stairs), for ages between 30 and 59 years and >69 years; (ii) in higher buildings (>2200 stairs), for age groups <20 years and 60–69 years; and (iii) in buildings with 1600–2200 stairs, for ages >69 years. In summary, men were faster than women in this specific running discipline; however, women were able to outperform men in very specific situations (i.e., specific age groups and specific numbers of stairs).

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