More Unintended Injuries in Half Sibling Than Full Sibling Households in the UK

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti O. Tanskanen ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka ◽  
Anna Rotkirch
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Sibling Relations ◽  
Full Sibling ◽  
Predicted Probability ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Half Sibling

Sibling relationships can be a source of both support and conflict. Due to more severe sibling competition, childhood injuries are predicted to increase as genetic relatedness decreases. Here we use the British Millennium Cohort Study (n = 7,143 children) to analyze the risk of accidents for small children in different types of households. Results show that, after controlling for several potential confounding factors, 3-year-old children who lived in same household with their full siblings had a significantly lower risk of injuries (predicted probability 25.3%) than did children who lived with both their full and half siblings (29.6%) or only with their half siblings (29.1%). We conclude that efforts to prevent child maltreatment should pay attention to sibling relations and family composition.

scholarly journals Association of Cancer with Risk and Mortality of COVID-19: Results from the UK Biobank

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuqing Shi ◽  
W. Kyle Resurreccion ◽  
Chi-Hsiung Wang ◽  
Jun Wei ◽  
Rong Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Non Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Predicted Risk

Although cancer has been associated with COVID-19 risk and mortality in hospital-based studies, few population-based studies have been reported. Utilizing data from the UK Biobank (UKB), a population-based prospective cohort, we formally tested the association of over 44 different types of cancer with COVID-19 infection and mortality among 7,661 subjects who were tested by June 17, 2020. Compared to non-cancer subjects, cancer subjects (N=1,521) had significantly lower overall risk for COVID-19 infection [odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.79 (0.68-0.92), P=2.60E-03]. However, a trend of higher risk for COVID-19 mortality was found among 256 COVID-19 positive cancer patients, especially for hematologic cancers such as non-Hodgkin lymphoma [3.82 (1.17-12.01), P=0.02]. In cancer patients, while few demographic, lifestyle, genetic and comorbidity factors predicted risk for COVID-19 infection, older age, male sex, heart disease and hypertension significantly predicted COVID-19 mortality. The lower risk for COVID-19 infection is likely due to extra caution in COVID-19 prevention and more testing among cancer patients, an encouraging finding that demonstrates the feasibility of intervention. These results, if confirmed in future releases of UKB data and other independent populations, may provide guidance for COVID-19 prevention and treatment among cancer patients.

scholarly journals SIBLING CONFLICTS IN FULL- AND HALF-SIBLING HOUSEHOLDS IN THE UK

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti O. Tanskanen ◽  
Mirkka Danielsbacka ◽  
Markus Jokela ◽  
Anna Rotkirch
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Sibling Conflict ◽  
Millennium Cohort Study ◽  
Biological Parent ◽  
Sibling Relations ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Parental Resources ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Half Sibling

SummarySibling relations are by nature ambivalent with high levels of both altruistic helping and competition. Higher relatedness is often assumed to reduce the occurrence of conflicts between siblings, but evidence of this has been scarce and mixed. Siblings typically compete over resources and parental attention, and parental constellations vary with sibship types. Since full-siblings compete over the same two biological parents, while half-siblings have only one shared biological parent and often a higher number of parents overall, it is hypothesized that conflicts are more common between full- than half-siblings. This study tested this assumption using the British Millennium Cohort Study (n=7527 children at age 11). Conflicts were measured as children’s reports of how much siblings picked on and hurt each other. Households with full-siblings only, maternal half-siblings only, and both full- and maternal half-siblings were compared. The results show that children who were living with only their full-siblings were more likely to experience sibling conflicts compared with children living with their maternal half-siblings only. This was the case also after controlling for several potentially confounding variables. The results suggest that differential access to parental resources of available biological and step-parents may explain the higher amount of sibling conflict between full- compared with maternal half-siblings.

My Sibling? A First Glance at Stepsibling and Half-Sibling Relationships

1991 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-413
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Wehner ◽  
Wyndol Furman
Keyword(s):  
Sibling Relationships ◽  
Half Sibling

scholarly journals COMBINATORIAL RECONSTRUCTION OF HALF-SIBLING GROUPS FROM MICROSATELLITE DATA

2010 ◽  
Vol 08 (02) ◽  
pp. 337-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAAD I. SHEIKH ◽  
TANYA Y. BERGER-WOLF ◽  
ASHFAQ A. KHOKHAR ◽  
ISABEL C. CABALLERO ◽  
MARY V. ASHLEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solutions ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Microsatellite Data ◽  
Reconstruction Problem ◽  
Full Sibling ◽  
Synthetic Datasets ◽  
Sibling Group ◽  
Half Sibling ◽  
Sibling Groups

While full-sibling group reconstruction from microsatellite data is a well-studied problem, reconstruction of half-sibling groups is much less studied, theoretically challenging, and computationally demanding. In this paper, we present a formulation of the half-sibling reconstruction problem and prove its APX-hardness. We also present exact solutions for this formulation and develop heuristics. Using biological and synthetic datasets we present experimental results and compare them with the leading alternative software COLONY. We show that our results are competitive and allow half-sibling group reconstruction in the presence of polygamy, which is prevalent in nature.

scholarly journals Investigating the Extent to Which Personality Traits and Demographics Affect Job Satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sajid Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Ranking Analysis

The primary concern of this paper is to investigatethe extent to which three variables (i.e. personality traits, demographic variables, and job satisfaction) are interrelated with each other and what effect they have on each other in relation to the UK retail sector. The four different types of retail stores i.e. Tesco, Primark, Ikea and WH Smith were selected for survey purpose to minimise the class biasness.Total 300 close-ended questionnaires were distributed and 220 responses were obtained.The findings reveal that ‘Neuroticism’ is negatively associated with job satisfaction as well as with ‘Extraversion’. However, it is positively correlated with other three personality groups including ‘Agreeableness’, ‘Conscientious’, and ‘Openness’. On the other hand, ‘Openness to experience’ has a negative relationship with ‘Agreeableness’.It is also found from the ranking analysis that employees with ‘Agreeableness’ and ‘Conscientiousness’ personalities are more successful in their career and consequently they are more satisfied with their jobs.

scholarly journals Crossing borders . . . shifting sands: An investigation of Chinese students’ study experiences in the UK and China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-472
Author(s):  
Kashmir Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Mobility ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Focus Group Interviews ◽  
Different Types ◽  
English Medium Instruction ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Learning Issues

In the current landscape of higher education in the UK, international students play a key role. It is an environment in which they not only cross borders physically but also transition through various identities as they develop their professional and linguistic confidence and skills to fully access and contribute to their programme of study and beyond. The aim of this paper is to outline the results of an empirical investigation into Chinese students’ perceptions of their study experiences in the context of student mobility and English-medium instruction in higher education. It reports on a study of two groups of Chinese students – one group studying in an English-speaking environment, the other in their home country where instruction is delivered through the medium of English. Semi-structured focus group interviews were conducted at each site which focused on the transition of “crossing borders” for educational purposes. The data was analysed using thematic analysis (Clarke & Braun, 2016). The main finding was that both groups experienced remarkably similar learning issues, despite being located in very different learning environments and crossing different types of borders.

scholarly journals Quantifying the prevalence of assortative mating in a human population

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Jaffe
Keyword(s):  
Assortative Mating ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Genetic Composition ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Maintenance Of Sex ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time, empirical evidence allowed to construct the frequency distribution of a genetic relatedness index between the parents of about half a million individuals living in the UK. The results suggest that over 30% of the population is the product of parents mating assortatively. The rest is probably the offspring of parents matching the genetic composition of their partners randomly. High degrees of genetic relatedness between parents, i.e. extreme inbreeding, was rare. This result shows that assortative mating is likely to be highly prevalent in human populations. Thus, assuming only random mating among humans, as widely done in ecology and population genetic studies, is not an appropriate approximation to reality. The existence of assortative mating has to be accounted for. The results suggest the conclusion that both, assortative and random mating, are evolutionary stable strategies. This improved insight allows to better understand complex evolutionary phenomena, such as the emergence and maintenance of sex, the speed of adaptation, runaway adaptation, maintenance of cooperation, and many others in human and animal populations.

A study to evaluate the provision of psychosocial supervision within an Early Intervention team

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra T. Neil ◽  
Sarah Nothard ◽  
David Glentworth ◽  
Elaine Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Early Intervention ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Early Interventions ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Intervention Team ◽  
The Uk

AbstractPsychosocial Interventions (PSIs) and PSI supervision underpin the delivery of early interventions for people experiencing psychosis. Early Intervention (EI) teams are relatively new in the NHS and there is currently a lack of empirical research into PSI supervision in this area. This study aimed to elicit staff views of PSI supervision and to identify any unmet supervision needs within a newly developed EI team in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 multidisciplinary team members. Descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis were used to analyse the responses. The different types of supervision available to team members, gaps in the provision of PSI supervision and aspects that supervisees found helpful and unhelpful about PSI supervision are discussed as are ideas for improving the provision of PSI supervision in EI teams. The limitations of the study and ideas for further research are also outlined.

The seizure, detention and forfeiture of cash in the UK

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Standard Of Proof ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Proceeds Of Crime ◽  
National Border ◽  
The Uk

Stresses that the criminal economy is much more cash‐intensive than the legitimate economy, and explains why. Indicates the scope of the problem for crime control: that carrying illegal proceeds as cash across national border remains an important method of money laundering. Outlines the provisions of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 concerning powers to allow searches for cash, and the standard of proof required. Discusses the different types of evidence allowed: avoidance of the usual banking channels, previous convictions and acquittals, lack of business records, lack of an audit trail, credibility, presence of items indicating crime, criminal associates, lying and inconsistent statements, contamination of the cash by drugs, suspicious denomination of banknotes, attempts at concealment, travel destinations and arrangements, financial background, failure to cooperate, and confidential informants. Goes on to cash seizures under terrorist legislation, possible challenges to seizures as contrary to the European Convention on Human Rights, the choice between civil and criminal forfeiture, and how the investigation proceeds.

Exploring Funding in Higher Education Sector in Oman

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Mouza Said Al Kalbani ◽  
Ahmad Bintouq
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Private Education ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Tuition Fees ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Us ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Uk

Funding of higher education institutions is a major growing expense for the Oman government (13–14% of the total spending in 2016) and is at par with that of other governments (e.g., 11% in the UK and 15.5% in the US). However, there has been little investigation into the funding of quality higher education in Oman. The present research project aims to explore the sources of funding at Oman universities after it opened the private education sector in 1996. The research methodology includes conducting interviews with leaders in higher education to explore different types of funding (e.g., gifts, tuition fees, government support). This will enhance our understanding, as well as that of decision-makers, regarding universities' funding sources and of the higher education landscape.

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