Is There Anybody Out There?

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas A. Keefer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Separate Line ◽  
Favorite Object

Abstract. Prior research shows that there are stable personality differences in the tendency to attribute human-like mental states to (i.e., anthropomorphize) non-human targets. A separate line of research has explored the extent to which individuals turn to non-human targets as a source of the support and security people often derive from close relationships. The current paper offers a first integration of these lines of research by testing whether trait differences in the tendency to anthropomorphize non-human targets predicts the extent to which individuals derive feelings of security from a favorite belonging. An experimental study finds that individuals who tend to anthropomorphize feel greater security after a reminder of a favorite object (vs. close other) and that these feelings of security subsequently enhance motivations for personal growth, an established benefit of interpersonal relationships.

scholarly journals People as Means to Multiple Goals: Implications for Interpersonal Relationships

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Orehek ◽  
Amanda L. Forest ◽  
Sara Wingrove
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Multiple Goals ◽  
Relationship Partners ◽  
Goal Pursuits ◽  
Consistent Support

The present research examines the implications of having relationship partners who serve as means to multiple goals. Specifically, we test the hypotheses that (a) partners who serve more goals will be evaluated as more interpersonally close, supportive, and responsive than those who serve fewer goals, and (b) partners who serve more goals will be less common in social networks than those who serve fewer goals. Three studies ( N = 1,064) found consistent support for these hypotheses while examining relationships with all members of participants’ active social network and their full range of goal pursuits. In addition, we found that the association between number of goals a partner serves and relationship evaluation is stronger for people who perceived their social networks as less (vs. more) instrumental on average, and among people who perceived their relationships as less close, less supportive, and less responsive, on average. Implications for close relationships are discussed.

scholarly journals Theory of mind impairment in Huntington's disease patients and their relatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 574-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Bayliss ◽  
Víctor Galvez ◽  
Adriana Ochoa-Morales ◽  
Mireya Chávez-Oliveros ◽  
Yaneth Rodríguez-Agudelo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Gene Test

ABSTRACT Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by movement disorders, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric symptoms. Relatives of HD patients experience a great burden as the latter suffer from altered social conduct and deterioration of interpersonal relationships. Theory of mind (ToM) is the ability to attribute mental states (to oneself and others). Deficits in ToM are thought to have a role in the changes in empathy and interpersonal difficulties that HD patients face. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study to compare ToM task scores of patients with mild to moderate HD, their relatives (spouse or at-risk first-degree relative with a negative gene test) and controls.Individuals with dementia or depression were excluded. The ToM test battery included Spanish versions of the Reading Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET), Happé's Strange Stories (Social and Physical Stories subtests) and the Hinting Task. Results: The series comprised 12 HD patients, 12 relatives and 12 controls. The HD patients showed lower affective ToM scores than controls (RMET 19 [3.5] vs 23.9 [2.7], p = 0.016). Cognitive ToM tasks scores were lower in HD patients than controls as well (Happé's Social Stories 9 [2.6] vs 13 [1.9], p = 0.001; the Hinting Task 13.6 [3.4] vs 17.5 [4.0], p = 0.009). In the Hinting Task, HD relatives had lower scores in than controls (13 [3.2] vs 17.5 [4.0], p = 0.009) and similar scores to controls in the rest of the battery. Conclusion: The HD patients with mild to moderate disease severity and their relatives show ToM deficits.

scholarly journals The influence factors of job satisfaction and its relationship with turnover intention: Taking early-career employees as an example

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyin Lee ◽  
Boxu Yang ◽  
Wendong Li
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Path Coefficient

<p>Job satisfaction of early-career employees has a significant effect on employee work behavior and work attitude. This study investigated the influence factors of job satisfaction and its relationship with turnover intention. Early-career employees were selected as the research subject. Questionnaires were distributed and the stratified random sampling method was used to analyze the 418 samples collected. The dimensions of job satisfaction were analyzed by exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, and a structural equation model was constructed to discuss the relationship between job satisfaction and turnover intention. First, for early-career employees, job satisfaction as a higher order factor consists of 6 first-order factors; personal growth’s influence on job satisfaction is the greatest, with a path coefficient reaching .918. Next come salary and welfare, work itself, interpersonal relationships and leader behavior. Additionally, job competency has a minimal effect on job satisfaction; its path coefficient is only .214. Second, job satisfaction has a significantly negative effect on turnover intention, indicating that the job satisfaction structure of early-career employees has its unique characteristics because they focus more on personal growth and development space. Through improving job satisfaction, turnover behavior of early-career employees can be effectively controlled.</p>

Classroom interaction: Two studies of severely educationally subnormal children

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Beveridge ◽  
Peter Evans
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Discrimination Learning ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Classroom Assessment ◽  
Classroom Interaction ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Inhibition Factor ◽  
Classroom Behaviour

An experimental study of go/no-go discrimination learning had previously indicated that individual differences in learning relate to childrens’ scores on the excitation/inhibition factor of a classroom assessment scale. The current paper reports two observational studies which show that this scale factor also relates to aspects of the children's classroom behaviour. In particular, the frequency of initiation of interaction, amount of speech, number of approaches and likelihood of interacting with the teacher, were positively and significantly related to the degree of excitation of the children. These results were interpreted as indicating that excitable children are more reinforcement seeking than inhabitable children, and that this tendency leads to the differences observed in the classroom.

Movements of Plants – A Source of Information for the Mechanisms of Robots

2016 ◽  
Vol 823 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Alina Elena Romanescu ◽  
Laura Diana Grigorie ◽  
Daniela Vintilă
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Source Of Information

The current paper presents an experimental study of the movements of plants, as well as various conclusions of the research. The main idea is that the general movement of a plant under the action of the wind is a very complex one, and it can be studied within the research for creating mechanical systems based on the same principles.

The role and practice of interpersonal relationships in European early education settings: sites for enhancing social inclusion, personal growth and learning?1

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kutnick ◽  
Antonella Brighi ◽  
Sofia Avgitidou ◽  
Maria Luisa Genta ◽  
Maritta Hännikäinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Early Education

scholarly journals Parentification Experiences of Filipino Young Professional Daughters During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-32
Author(s):  
Jaena Clarice C. Teng ◽  
Angela Dionne F. Hilario ◽  
Lauren Marie A. Sauler ◽  
Ma. Cristina M. De Los Reyes ◽  
Myla Arcinas
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Psychological Resilience ◽  
Parent Child Relationship ◽  
Older Parents ◽  
Young Professional ◽  
Familial Obligations ◽  
Parent Child ◽  
At Home

Parentification refers to parent-child role reversal wherein the child adopts the parent's role instrumentally or emotionally. This role reversal practice between the parent and the child is not uncommon in certain cultures. The cultural dynamics and familial obligations at play have positive and negative outlooks with varying effects. This study focused on the effects of instrumental parentification experiences on psychological resilience and interpersonal relationships among selected Filipino young professional daughters during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Using purposive sampling, 19 Filipino young professional daughters from Metro Manila, Philippines, were selected for the study. Online interviews were conducted and thematic analysis was employed to process the data. Findings showed that most of the daughters, with “utang na loob” (indebtedness) value system, wholeheartedly accepted instrumental parentification. Thus, more tasks and responsibilities were shouldered by them due to the COVID-19 lockdown wherein older parents need to stay at home due to the fear of contracting the disease. Almost all shared that the COVID-19 pandemic tested their parent-child relationship. A few expressed that it made them let go of personal growth opportunities and experienced problems with their parents' relationship, given the uncertainties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, they shared that they could not leave their ageing parents in this time of COVID-19 pandemic and that with proper balancing of tasks and responsibilities at home and at work, parentification made them to become more self-reliant, mature faster, and responsible daughters.

scholarly journals Decoding and Reasoning Mental States in Major Depression and Social Anxiety Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gheysar Maleki ◽  
Abbas Zabihzadeh ◽  
Mara J. Richman ◽  
Zsolt Demetrovics ◽  
Fatemeh Mohammadnejad
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Mental Health Disorders ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
The Mind

Abstract Background: Major depression (MDD) and social anxiety (SAD) disorders are debilitating psychiatric conditions characterized by disturbed interpersonal relationships. Despite these impairments in social relationships, research has been limited in simultaneously evaluated the dysfunction in MDD or SAD within two aspects of theory of mind (ToM): decoding mental states (i.e., Affective ToM) and reasoning mental states (i.e., cognitive ToM). Taking this into consideration, the current study assesses both decoding and reasoning mental states abilities in MDD, SAD, and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Subjects included 37 patients with MDD, 35 patients with SAD, and 35 HCs. ToM was measured with the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) and the Faux Pas Task, which assess decoding and reasoning mental states, respectively. Results: Results revealed that in decoding of mental states, both the SAD and MDD groups had lower scores than the HC group; there was no significant difference between the SAD and MDD groups in decoding mental states. Conversely, in reasoning mental states, the SAD and HC groups had higher scores than the MDD group; no differences were found between the SAD and HC groups. Conclusions: Clinicians and researchers should further consider parsing generalized impairment in ToM into two aspects: decoding and reasoning of mental states by using the aforementioned measurements. By further understanding the two aspects, we can create a potentially new clinical profile for mental health disorders, such as in this context with both decoding and reasoning mental state impairment in MDD and a reasoning dysfunction in SAD.

Are Humans all Alike? Personality Differences in Mean Profiles of IPIP-NEO Respondents around the Globe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minhaaj Rehman ◽  
John Anthony Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Replication Study ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Large Dataset ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Global Study ◽  
Mean Differences

Allik et al. (2017) studied scores of 71,870 participants from 76 samples, 62 countries and 37different languages and found out that mean differences in personality traits between countries and cultures were about 8.5 times less than two randomly picked individuals from the respective sample. No such global study has been conducted with the data from IPIP-NEO-300 scores. A brief study of 12 nation comparison based on IPIP-NEO-120 scores was conducted, but no large-scale meaningful and generalizable results were obtained (Kajonius, 2017). Authors in current paper have attempted a replication study of (Allik et al., 2017) with a large dataset of over 300,000 respondents globally.

Sociodemographic aspects and their relationship with motivations, satisfaction and loyalty in ecotourism: a study in Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Carvache-Franco ◽  
Orly Carvache-Franco ◽  
Ana Gabriela Víquez-Paniagua ◽  
Wilmer Carvache-Franco ◽  
Allan Perez-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Design Activities ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe objectives of this study were to (a) analyze the relationship between sociodemographic aspects and motivations in ecotourism and (b) identify the relationship between sociodemographic aspects and satisfaction and loyalty variables.Design/methodology/approachThe research was carried out in the Arenal National Park and the Caño Negro National Wildlife Refuge in Costa Rica, an ecologically important ecotourism destination. The sample consisted of 310 surveys obtained in situ. For data analysis, factor analysis and the multiple regression method were used.FindingsThe results show that younger tourists tend to be more motivated by self-development, whereas older tourists and lower-income tourists are more motivated toward strengthening interpersonal relationships with family and friends. In contrast, tourists with lower education levels are highly motivated by novelty, feel more satisfied with the visit and are more willing to recommend and say positive things about the destination. Besides, repeat visitors are most likely to return.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study was limited by the timing in which it was carried out. Among the future lines of research, studies that address the relationship between sociodemographic variables in the different ecotourism segments should be conducted.Practical implicationsRegarding the practical implications, this study helps companies related to tourism to pay attention to the sociodemographic characteristics of tourists to design activities and services according to their motivations, satisfaction and loyalty. For younger tourists who are motivated by self-development, activities and services related to learning about nature can be planned to encourage their personal growth, new abilities and individual skills. Regarding elderly and lower-income tourists, who are motivated to be with family and friends, recreational activities to improve family and friendship relationships can be promoted.Social implicationsThese findings will serve to plan attractions and services in protected areas, benefiting the destinations and the communities sustainably.Originality/valueOne of the contributions of this study is to find a negative relationship between the level of education and other variables such as satisfaction, intentions to recommend and intentions to say positive things about the destination. This research also identified a negative relationship between age and the self-development motivational dimension, a positive relationship between age and being with family and friends dimension, a negative relationship between income and being with family and friends dimension and a negative relationship between the number of visits and the novelty dimension.

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