scholarly journals The relationship between shell size and Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, δ18O, and δ13C of species of planktonic foraminifera

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Elderfield ◽  
M. Vautravers ◽  
M. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Δ18o And Δ13c

scholarly journals Accelerated development in planktonic foraminifera: adaptive response to reduced ocean mixing

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 188-188
Author(s):  
G. P. Lohmann
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Ocean Mixing ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Living Species ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Relationship

Planktonic foraminifera grow by adding chambers to their shells, increasing shell size and changing shell shape. Shell development can be distinguished from shell size either by counting the chambers or by measuring the allometry associated with developmental shape changes. It is necessary to make this distinction when trying to understand the life history adaptations of planktonic foraminifera to their environment because there is wide variation in shell size among individuals at the same stage of development.While the life cycle of many species of planktonic foraminifera is adapted to the monthly lunar cycle, certain deep-living species such as Globorotalia truncatulinoides and G. hirsuta are adapted to the annual cycle of late winter nutrient upwelling and spring bloom, the mechanism that drives primary productivity in subtropical latitudes. These deep-living species grow while sinking from the surface ocean through the upper 500 to 1000m of the water column and then reproduce at depth. Juveniles must somehow return to surface waters.For such a life cycle, size may affect reproductive success in two opposing ways: while the number of gametes produced is directly proportional to size, the bouyancy of the offspring and so the likelihood that they will reach surface waters are inversely proportional to size. The balance between the reproductive benefits of large size and the difficulty of returning large juveniles to surface waters can be altered by vertically mixing the water column. The deep mixing that brings nutrients to surface waters can also help juvenile foraminifera reach the surface.Today the largest shells of G. truncatulinoides are found in populations growing on the poleward margins of the subtropical gyres, areas where the scale of mixing is greatest. As the vertical scale of this mixing decreases toward the tropics, shells at each stage of development shift toward smaller average sizes. This apparent acceleration in development reflects a loss of large shells, which decreases both the average size and the overall abundance of the species.The relationship of apparent developmental rate to the scale of vertical mixing produces the previously reported “ecophenotypic cline” in which G. truncatulinoides changes from a compressed biconvex form in high latitudes to a highly conical form in the tropics. By design, the study reporting this observation was based on shells from a narrow range of size in an attempt to minimize any developmental sources of morphologic variation. Paradoxically, this strategy focussed observations on the systematic shift in the relationship between shell size and development caused by differences in upper ocean mixing. The apparent cline consists of shells of the same size but at different stages of development. A similar explanation may account for the apparent gradual “evolution” observed in G. truncatulinoides during the Late Pleistocene.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene glacial–interglacial shell-size–isotope variability in planktonic foraminifera as a function of local hydrography

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 4781-4807 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Metcalfe ◽  
W. Feldmeijer ◽  
M. de Vringer-Picon ◽  
G.-J. A. Brummer ◽  
F. J. C. Peeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Water Column Stratification

Abstract. So-called "vital effects" are a collective term for a suite of physiologically and metabolically induced variability in oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratios of planktonic foraminifer shells that hamper precise quantitative reconstruction of past ocean parameters. Correction for potential isotopic offsets from equilibrium or the expected value is paramount, as too is the ability to define a comparable life stage for each species that allows for direct comparison. Past research has focused upon finding a specific size range for individual species in lieu of other identifiable features, thus allowing ocean parameters from a particular constant (i.e. a specific depth or season) to be reconstructed. Single-shell isotope analysis of fossil shells from a mid-latitude North Atlantic Ocean piston core covering Termination III (200 to 250 ka) highlight the advantage of using a dynamic size range, i.e. utilising measurements from multiple narrow sieve size fractions spanning a large range of total body sizes, in studies of palaeoclimate. Using this methodology, we show that isotopic offsets between specimens in successive size fractions of Globorotalia inflata and Globorotalia truncatulinoides are not constant over time, contrary to previous findings. For δ18O in smaller-sized globorotalids (212–250 μm) it is suggested that the offset from other size fractions may reflect a shallower habitat in an early ontogenetic stage. A reduction in the difference between small and large specimens of G. inflata between insolation minima and maxima is interpreted to relate to a prolonged period of reduced water column stratification. For the shallow-dwelling species Globigerina bulloides, no size–isotope difference between size fractions is observed, and the variability in the oxygen isotopic values is shown to correlate well with the seasonal insolation patterns. As such, patterns in oxygen isotope variability of fossil populations may be used to reconstruct past seasonality changes.

scholarly journals Towards a morphological metric of assemblage dynamics in the fossil record: a test case using planktonic foraminifera

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1691) ◽  
pp. 20150227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Y. Hsiang ◽  
Leanne E. Elder ◽  
Pincelli M. Hull
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
The North ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Assemblage Size

With a glance, even the novice naturalist can tell you something about the ecology of a given ecosystem. This is because the morphology of individuals reflects their evolutionary history and ecology, and imparts a distinct ‘look’ to communities—making it possible to immediately discern between deserts and forests, or coral reefs and abyssal plains. Once quantified, morphology can provide a common metric for characterizing communities across space and time and, if measured rapidly, serve as a powerful tool for quantifying biotic dynamics. Here, we present and test a new high-throughput approach for analysing community shape in the fossil record using semi-three-dimensional (3D) morphometrics from vertically stacked images (light microscopic or photogrammetric). We assess the potential informativeness of community morphology in a first analysis of the relationship between 3D morphology, ecology and phylogeny in 16 extant species of planktonic foraminifera—an abundant group in the marine fossil record—and in a preliminary comparison of four assemblages from the North Atlantic. In the species examined, phylogenetic relatedness was most closely correlated with ecology, with all three ecological traits examined (depth habitat, symbiont ecology and biogeography) showing significant phylogenetic signal. By contrast, morphological trees (based on 3D shape similarity) were relatively distantly related to both ecology and phylogeny. Although improvements are needed to realize the full utility of community morphometrics, our approach already provides robust volumetric measurements of assemblage size, a key ecological characteristic.

scholarly journals Winter distribution, density and size of Mesodesma mactroides (Bivalvia, Mactracea) in Monte Hermoso beach (Argentina)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Marcela Fiori ◽  
Nestor J. Cazzaniga ◽  
Alejandra L. Estebenet
Keyword(s):  
Great Part ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mass Mortality ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Winter Distribution ◽  
Regular Design ◽  
Upper Intertidal ◽  
A Site ◽  
The Relationship

The yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides (Deshayes, 1854) is a seasonal migrant that moves in spring to the sandy upper intertidal level. In this paper we analyze the spatial distribution of density and mean shell size of the yellow clam population in Monte Hermoso beach (Argentina) in winter 1995, i.e., three months before the mass mortality occurred in November 1995. Sampling covered 32 km of beach, with a regular design of 22 transects. The major environmental gradient in the beach was determined using principal component analysis (PCA) on the correlation matrix of the environmental data (beach morphology, slope, and sand granulometry). Correlation analysis was used to assess the relationship between the score of a site (transect) on the first and second principal component, and clam mean density and mean shell size. Most of the beach seems to be habitable for clams, their spatial heterogeneity not having been explained by the measured variables since, although the first axis of the PCA has demonstrated an E-W physical gradient, clam density was not in correlation with it. Density was maximum near the piers, even though these are points with high tourist activity. It seems that non-extractive touristic activities do not affect population density but rather mean shell size, probably due to reduction of growth rates. The abundance of the winter population, as compared with the assessment done after the mass mortality of November, strongly suggests that a great part of the population was overwintering in the intertidal fringe.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene Glacial–Interglacial related shell size isotope variability in planktonic foraminifera as a function of local hydrology

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Metcalfe ◽  
W. Feldmeijer ◽  
M. de Vringer-Picon ◽  
G.-J. A. Brummer ◽  
F. J. C. Peeters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Size Fractions ◽  
Water Column Stratification

Abstract. So called "vital effects", a collective noun for a suite of physiological and metabolic induced variability, in oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope ratios of planktonic foraminifer shells hamper precise quantitative reconstruction of past ocean parameters. Correction for potential isotopic offsets from the equilibrium or the expected value is paramount, as too is the ability to define a comparable life-stage for each species that allows for direct comparison. Past research has focused upon finding a specific size range for individual species in lieu of other identifiable features, that allow ocean parameters from a particular constant (i.e. a specific depth or season) to be reconstructed. Single shell isotope analysis of fossil shells from a mid-latitude North Atlantic Ocean piston-core covering Termination III (200 to 250 kyr) highlight the advantage of using a dynamic size range in studies of palaeoclimate. Using this methodology, we show that isotopic offsets between specimens in successive size fractions of G. inflata and G. truncatulinoides are not constant over time, contrary to previous findings. For δ18O in smaller sized globorotalids it is suggested that the offset from other size fractions may reflect a shallower habitat in an early ontogenetic stage. A reduction in the difference between small and large specimens of G. inflata between insolation minima and maxima is interpreted to relate to a prolonged period of reduced water column stratification. For the shallow dwelling species G. bulloides no size isotope difference between size fractions is observed, and the variability in the oxygen isotopic values are shown to correlate well with the seasonal insolation patterns. As such, patterns in oxygen isotope variability of fossil populations may be used successfully for reconstruction of past seasonality changes.

Stratification and Oxygen Isotopes in the Paleozoic: Is Paleotermometry in Hot Water?

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 244-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Allison ◽  
Rupert Ford ◽  
Richard Corfield
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
Isotope Method ◽  
Temperature Component ◽  
The Relationship

The oxygen isotope method is probably the most widely used proxy of paleotemperature determination in the fossil record. The relationship as first proposed by Urey (1947) suggests that the ratio of 18O to 16O in the calcitic shells of fossils is proportional to temperature. This was subsequently confirmed by empirical studies (Epstein et al, 1951, Emiliani, 1954; 1955). However, Shackleton (1967), suggested on the basis of co-variance of benthonic and planktonic foraminifera, that the δ18O composition of seawater varied only as a function of glacial ice growth and decay. However, more recent studies have shown that there is still a residual temperature component in the δ18O variability of deep waters.

δ11B and B/Ca ontogenetic variability within Globigerina bulloides

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Buisson ◽  
Pascale Louvat ◽  
Szabina Karancz ◽  
Ruchen Tian ◽  
Markus Raitzsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Isotopic Ratio ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Seawater Chemistry ◽  
Globigerina Bulloides ◽  
Ocean Carbon

<p>Understanding the atmosphere-continent-ocean carbon cycle and its associated oceanic carbon system is one of the keystones to face the Anthropocene’s climate change. Since the 1990s the isotopic ratio of boron (δ<sup>11</sup>B) in calcitic shells of planktonic foraminifera has proven to be a powerful geochemical proxy to determine the oceanic paleo-pH and its link to atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> level over geological times<sup>1</sup>, whereas the ratio B/Ca as proxy of the seawater carbonate chemistry is still questionable<sup>2,3</sup>.</p><p>However, the use of planktonic foraminifera in paleoclimatic reconstructions requires calibrations of the pH – δ<sup>11</sup>B relationships to correct what is known as « vital effect »<sup>4</sup>: each species controls differently its calcification process and consequently slightly modifies the seawater chemistry during biomineralization<sup>5,6</sup>. Moreover, shell size effect on δ<sup>11</sup>B has been reported for some symbiont-bearing species due to photosynthetic increase of pH<sup>7,8</sup>.</p><p>Calibrations for the symbiont-barren <em>Globigerina bulloides</em> have been already determined<sup>9,10 </sup>but sparse data have been reported so far for the test size effect on δ<sup>11</sup>B <sup>11</sup>.</p><p>Here we measured the δ<sup>11</sup>B of three different fractions (250-315, 315-400 and >400 μm) of <em>G. bulloides</em> sampled along the coretop PS97-122 from the Chilean margin (54.10°S, 74.91°W), by using a new protocol developed at IPGP and dedicated to small samples which couple a microsublimation technique and a micro-direct injection device (μ-dDIHEN<sup>12</sup>). Our preliminary results show significantly higher δ<sup>11</sup>B values for the large fractions compared to the small ones, as found for symbiont-bearing planktonic species such as <em>Globigerinoides sacculifer</em><sup>7</sup> and <em>Globigerinoides ruber</em><sup>8</sup>.</p><p> </p><ul><li>(1) Pearson & Palmer, 2000, <em>Nature</em> 406, 695-699</li> <li>(2) Yu et al., 2007, <em>Paleoceanography</em> 22, PA2202</li> <li>(3) Allen et al., 2012, <em>EPSL</em> 351-352, 270-280</li> <li>(4) Urey et al., 1951,<em> Soc. Am. Bull.</em> 62, 399-416</li> <li>(5) Erez, 2003, <em>Rev. in Min. and Geochem.</em> 54 (1), 115-149</li> <li>(6) de Nooijer et al., 2014, <em>Earth-Science Reviews</em> 135, 48-58</li> <li>(7) Hönisch & Hemming, 2004, <em>Paleoceanography</em> 19, PA4010</li> <li>(8) Henehan et al., 2013, <em>EPSL</em> 364, 111-122</li> <li>(9) Martínez-Botíet al., 2015, <em>Nature</em> 518, 219-222</li> <li>(10) Raitzsch et al., 2018, <em>EPSL</em> 487, 138-150</li> <li>(11) Henehan et al., 2016, <em>EPSL</em> 454, 282-292</li> <li>(12) Louvat et al., 2019, <em>JAAS</em> 8, 1553-1563</li> </ul>

scholarly journals Shell density of planktonic foraminifera and pteropod species Limacina helicina in the Barents Sea: Relation to ontogeny and water chemistry

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249178
Author(s):  
Siri Ofstad ◽  
Katarzyna Zamelczyk ◽  
Katsunori Kimoto ◽  
Melissa Chierici ◽  
Agneta Fransson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Depth ◽  
Barents Sea ◽  
Planktonic Foraminifera ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Neogloboquadrina Pachyderma ◽  
The Barents Sea ◽  
Limacina Helicina ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Planktonic calcifiers, the foraminiferal species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma and Turborotalita quinqueloba, and the thecosome pteropod Limacina helicina from plankton tows and surface sediments from the northern Barents Sea were studied to assess how shell density varies with depth habitat and ontogenetic processes. The shells were measured using X-ray microcomputed tomography (XMCT) scanning and compared to the physical and chemical properties of the water column including the carbonate chemistry and calcium carbonate saturation of calcite and aragonite. Both living L. helicina and N. pachyderma increased in shell density from the surface to 300 m water depth. Turborotalita quinqueloba increased in shell density to 150–200 m water depth. Deeper than 150 m, T. quinqueloba experienced a loss of density due to internal dissolution, possibly related to gametogenesis. The shell density of recently settled (dead) specimens of planktonic foraminifera from surface sediment samples was compared to the living fauna and showed a large range of dissolution states. This dissolution was not apparent from shell-surface texture, especially for N. pachyderma, which tended to be both thicker and denser than T. quinqueloba. Dissolution lowered the shell density while the thickness of the shell remained intact. Limacina helicina also increase in shell size with water depth and thicken the shell apex with growth. This study demonstrates that the living fauna in this specific area from the Barents Sea did not suffer from dissolution effects. Dissolution occurred after death and after settling on the sea floor. The study also shows that biomonitoring is important for the understanding of the natural variability in shell density of calcifying zooplankton.

scholarly journals Length weight relationship and size distribution long shells bakalang (Marcia hiantina Lamarck) in the coastal waters of Labakkang, Pangkep Regency

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamsiah Hamsiah ◽  
Asmidar Asmidar ◽  
Hasrun Hasrun ◽  
Kasmawati Kasmawati
Keyword(s):  
Shell Length ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mussel Shell ◽  
Shell Size ◽  
Seagrass Ecosystems ◽  
Mussel Shells ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Descriptive Method

Seagrass ecosystems in the coastal Labakkang Pangkep regency is the habitat of various types of shellfish which is the target of local fishermen catch. One of the many species of shellfish found in this coastal area is the mussel shell (Marcia hiantina L.). This study aims to determine the relationship between the length and weight of the long shell size of mussel shells (Marcia hiantina L.) in the coastal waters catchment of Labakkang. This research was conducted in catching area at three locations in coastal waters of Labakkang based on density of seagrass and population with sampling every month from August 2014 until July 2015 by using descriptive method that is random sampling by measuring the length of shell and weight of each shellfish. The results showed that the constant value (b) of mussel shell (Marcia hiantina L.) in all observation stations ranged from 2,44 to 2,63, meaning growth pattern including negative allometrik means shell length growth faster than body weight with coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0,88 to 0,91 means to have a high enough. The distribution of the size of the mussel (Marcia hiantina L.) is found on the smallest C  size station with the range 1,50 – 1,88 cm and the middle value of 1,69 cm and the largest with a range of 5,34 - 5,72 cm and the middle value of 5.53 cm.Keywords: Bakalang shell, Length weight, Coastal waters of Labakkang, Allometric negative

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