scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Inventories Underestimate Methane Emissions

Eos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Sidder
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories

A new study in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area reveals prior estimates may significantly underrepresent methane emissions, particularly from landfills and natural gas systems.

Methane Emissions Reduction in Liquefied Natural Gas Off-Loading Process in Refueling Stations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Sharafian ◽  
Paul Blomerus ◽  
Walter Mérida
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Process Time ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Pressure Buildup ◽  
Tanker Truck ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Recent research into methane emissions from the liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain has revealed uncertainty in the overall greenhouse gas emissions reduction associated with the use of LNG in heavy-duty vehicles. Methane is the main component of natural gas and a potent greenhouse gas. This study investigates the impact of five methods used to offload LNG from a tanker truck to an LNG refueling station and estimate the amount of fugitive methane emissions. The LNG offloading process time, and the final pressures of the tanker truck and refueling station are considered to evaluate the performance of the LNG offloading methods. The modeling results show that the LNG transfer by using a pressure buildup unit has a limited operating range and can increase methane emissions by 10.4% of LNG offloaded from the tanker truck. The results indicate that the LNG transfer by using a pump and an auxiliary pressure buildup unit without vapor return provides the shortest fuel offloading time with the lowest risk of venting methane to the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Molecular detection of Methylotrophs from an Indian landfill site and their potential for biofuel production

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Renewable Diesel ◽  
In Situ Bioremediation

Emission of CH4 from landfills is a major cause of concern as CH4 is twenty four times more potent than CO2, as a greenhouse gas. However, landfills also harbor a group of bacteria called methanotrophs, which can oxidize CH4. They can be used for in situ bioremediation to reduce methane emissions. They can also be used for production of methanol or renewable diesel, utilizing methane in natural gas or biogas. Methanotrophs are a subgroup of methylotrophs. We used molecular techniques for detection of methylotrophs in samples from a landfill in New Delhi. We could detect five methylotrophs. Isolation and efficiency in methanotrophy of these bacteria is undergoing now.

scholarly journals Overview of the new regulatory base for 2019–2020 on the decarbonisation of economy and its influence on the conditions of functconing of the ukrainian gas industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
I.Ch. Leshchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Reporting And Verification ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this paper is to explore the influence of the new Ukrainian and European regulatory framework for 2019-2020 concerning the decarburization of economy of the functioning of Ukrainian gas industry. The paper provides an overview of the Ukrainian regulatory framework of 2019–2020 on the implementation of the system of monitoring, reporting, and verification of greenhouse gas emissions in our country. We also provide an overview of new European documents on the decarbonisation of economy, in particular, the European Green Deal, the EU Strategy for Reducing Methane Emissions, and the Hydrogen Strategy for Climate-Neutral Europe. We showed that these EU documents will exert a significant influence on the functioning of both the energy sector of our country as a whole and its part – gas industry. The paper shows that, under the existing plans of the development of energy sector in European countries in order to reach the state where there are no net emissions of greenhouse gases by 2050 and under conditions of fierce competition for sources and routes of gas supply to the European market, the most pressing problem confronting the gas transportation system of Ukraine is to optimize its structure with simultaneous replacement of outdated compressor equipment by modern one with lower carbon dioxide emissions, which will require a significant amount of investment. Under such conditions, it is necessary to study carefully the feasibility of introducing activities for the main transportation of gas under the action of Greenhouse Gas Trading System. We also showed that the reduction of methane emissions along the natural gas chain supply in accordance with the EU Strategy for the reduction of methane emissions is extremely important for Ukraine. In addition to the implementation of measures for reducing these emissions, it is necessary to attract attention to the development of national methods for estimating methane emissions and the use of national coefficients in the formation of the National Greenhouse gas emissions inventory for estimating volatile emissions from natural gas activities. Keywords: monitoring, reporting and verification of greenhouse gas emissions, Greenhouse Gas Trading System, decarbonisation, European Green Deal, gas transportation system

Methane Emissions in Wastewater Treatment Process and Emissions Calculation in Henan Province

2015 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 553-560
Author(s):  
Bing Tao Liu ◽  
Wei Sheng Chen ◽  
Peng Ju Ding
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories

The process of wastewater treatment is one of the sources of greenhouse gas emissions from urban human activities and methane is a source of greenhouse gases can not be ignored. According to the method recommended by IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006,a calculation model was established to assess methane emissions of wastewater treatment in Henan.Then methane emissions from wastewater treatment in Henan province in the year of 2010 were estimated. The results showed that net methane emissions from the sewage treatment process was 21,764.1 tons, and methane from the industrial wastewater generated process was 98,609.33 tons. The results will provide a scientific basis for policy maker to mitigate the methane emission from the sewage treatment process of Henan province.

scholarly journals Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Compressor Stations in the Transmission and Storage Sector: Measurements and Comparisons with the EPA Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program Protocol

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 3252-3261 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Subramanian ◽  
Laurie L. Williams ◽  
Timothy L. Vaughn ◽  
Daniel Zimmerle ◽  
Joseph R. Roscioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
And Storage

scholarly journals Assessing urban methane emissions using column-observing portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers and a novel Bayesian inversion framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 13131-13147
Author(s):  
Taylor S. Jones ◽  
Jonathan E. Franklin ◽  
Jia Chen ◽  
Florian Dietrich ◽  
Kristian D. Hajny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Bayesian Inversion ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Total Column

Abstract. Cities represent a large and concentrated portion of global greenhouse gas emissions, including methane. Quantifying methane emissions from urban areas is difficult, and inventories made using bottom-up accounting methods often differ greatly from top-down estimates generated from atmospheric observations. Emissions from leaks in natural gas infrastructure are difficult to predict and are therefore poorly constrained in bottom-up inventories. Natural gas infrastructure leaks and emissions from end uses can be spread throughout the city, and this diffuse source can represent a significant fraction of a city's total emissions. We investigated diffuse methane emissions of the city of Indianapolis, USA, during a field campaign in May 2016. A network of five portable solar-tracking Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers was deployed throughout the city. These instruments measure the mole fraction of methane in a total column of air, giving them sensitivity to larger areas of the city than in situ sensors at the surface. We present an innovative inversion method to link these total column concentrations to surface fluxes. This method combines a Lagrangian transport model with a Bayesian inversion framework to estimate surface emissions and their uncertainties, together with determining the concentrations of methane in the air flowing into the city. Variations exceeding 10 ppb were observed in the inflowing air on a typical day, which is somewhat larger than the enhancements due to urban emissions (<5 ppb downwind of the city). We found diffuse methane emissions of 73(±22) mol s−1, which is about 50 % of the urban total and 68 % higher than estimated from bottom-up methods, although it is somewhat smaller than estimates from studies using tower and aircraft observations. The measurement and model techniques developed here address many of the challenges present when quantifying urban greenhouse gas emissions and will help in the design of future measurement schemes in other cities.

Ruminal acetogens and their potential to lower ruminant methane emissions

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Joblin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Methane Mitigation ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventories ◽  
Acetogenic Bacteria ◽  
Potential Applications

Ruminant methane is a major contributor to the anthropogenic greenhouse gas inventories of Australia and New Zealand. Direct intervention in the rumen offers one means for controlling ruminant methane emissions. In this respect, acetogenic bacteria (acetogens) normally present in the rumen are of interest because they have the potential to provide an alternative sink for H2, an essential intermediate in the formation of methane. Although little is known about the populations of acetogens in grazing ruminants, studies on ruminants fed diets containing concentrates or conserved forages indicate that the rumen contains a diversity of acetogens and that some of these have the potential to act as hydrogenotrophs in place of methanogens. This paper describes the current understanding of ruminal acetogens and outlines potential applications of acetogens in methane mitigation strategies. Strategies which use acetogens to outcompete and displace methanogens are considered less likely to be successful than strategies which use acetogens to maintain low H2 levels in the rumen following suppression of methanogens. However, the former cannot be completely discounted at present.

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