Detection of Microorganisms and Metabolism in Dune Sand of a Low Organic Content

Its crucial to get information about lead (Pb) heavy metal pollution from mining and oil palm plantation on species density in mangrove ecosystem, to anticipate its impacts. This study aimed is to compare the types and densities of vegetation in mangrove ecosystems allegedly due to mining in Setarap village, Tanah Bumbu Regency and oil palm plantations in Kuala Tambangan Village, Tanah Laut Regency. We also analysis the condition of waters (TDS, pH and DO) and organic content in sediments to acquire data from the South Kalimantan mangrove ecosystems. The results showed there were four species of true mangroves (Avicennia alba, Acanthus ebracteatus, Nypa fruticans and Rhizophora apiculate) could live well in the environment affected by mining or oil palm plantations. The species density for trees was low (933 ind/ha) for mangroves affected by coal mines, while those affected by oil palm plantations had higher densities (1,067 ind/ha). pH value of waters in affected area by coal mining showed more acidic value (pH 5.76) especially at the back, while those by palm oil plantations are more acidic (pH 6) in the estuary. Organic matter content in sediments affected by coal mines was in the range of 0.61-6.59%, while those affected by oil palm plantations showed higher values (0.12-2.19%). Lead heavy metal content (Pb) in waters affected by coal mines was 0.031-0.056 mg/L, while the area affected by oil palm plantations was of higher value (0.110-0.128 mg/L). Lead (Pb) levels in sediments indicate higher values than waters, which reach 3.512-6.046 mg/Kg (affected by coal mines), and in areas affected by oil palm plantations reaching 6.658-6.66 mg/Kg. The general conclusion is that vegetation densities in areas affected by coal mines are lower than oil palm plantations. The level of lead (Pb) pollution in the sediments is higher than in the waters.

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APLIKASI PROSES DIGESTASI ANAEROBIK LUMPUR BIOLOGI INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KERTAS

JURNAL SELULOSA ◽

10.25269/jsel.v4i02.64 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (02) ◽

Author(s):

Rina S. Soetopo ◽

Sri Purwati ◽

Henggar Hardiani ◽

Mukharomah Nur Aini ◽

Krisna Adhitya Wardhana

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Demand ◽

Total Solid ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Organic Content ◽

Solid Content ◽

Uasb Reactor ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Organic Loading ◽

Total Solid Content ◽

Average Value

A continuous pilot scale study has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of anaerobic digestion of biological sludge. The sludge has a total solid content of 0.53% - 1.1%, pH of 7.20 to 7.32. Its organic content is about 97 %, The research were conducted in two stages, which are acidification (performed in 3 m3 the Continously Stirred Tank Reactor/CSTR at pH of 5.5 to 6.0) and methanation (performed in 5 m3 the Up Flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket/UASB reactor at pH 6.5 to 7.0). The retention time (RT) was gradually shortened from 6 days to 1 day for acidification and from 8 days to 2 days for methanation. The results showed that operating the CSTR at the RT of 1 day and the organic loading of 8.23 g Volatile Solid (VS)/m3.day could produce Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA) at an average value of 17.3 g/kg VS.day. Operating the UASB reactor at the RT of 2 days and the organic loading (Chemical Oxygen Demand/COD) of 2.4 kg COD/m3.day could produce biogas at an average value of 66.3 L/day, with an average methane content of 69.9%, methane rate of 0.17 L CH4/g COD reduction or 19.06 L CH4/kg VS. Furthermore, methanation could reduce COD at an average value of 51.2 %, resulting in the effluent average value of COD filtrate and COD total of 210.1 mg/L and 375.2 mg /L, respectively.Keywords: acidification, methanation, CSTR, UASB, biogas ABSTRAKPercobaan digestasi anaerobik lumpur IPAL biologi industri kertas secara kontinyu skala pilot telah dilakukan di industri kertas dengan tujuan mengkaji efektivitas proses digestasi anaerobik dalam mengolah lumpur tersebut. Lumpur yang digunakan memiliki total solids sekitar 0,53% – 1,1%, pH netral (7,20 – 7,32) dengan komponen utama senyawa organik sekitar 97%. Percobaan dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu asidifikasi dalam reaktor CSTR berkapasitas 3 m3 pada pH 5,5 – 6,0 dan metanasi dalam reaktor UASB berkapasitas 5 m3 pada pH 6,5 – 7,0. Percobaan dilakukan dengan waktu retensi yang dipersingkat secara bertahap dari 6 hari ke 1 hari untuk proses asidifikasi dan dari 8 hari ke 2 hari untuk proses metanasi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pengoperasian reaktor CSTR dengan waktu retensi 1 hari dan beban organik 8,3 g VS/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan VFA rata-rata 17,3 g/kg VS.hari dengan kisaran 8,36 – 30,59 g/kg VS.hari, sedangkan pengoperasian reaktor UASB pada waktu retensi 2 hari dan beban organik 2,4 kg COD/m3.hari dapat menghasilkan biogas rata-rata 66,3 L/hari dengan kadar metana rata-rata 69,9% atau 0,17 L CH4/g COD reduksi atau 19,06 L CH4/kg VS. Selain itu proses metanasi dapat menurunkan COD terlarut rata-rata 51,2%, dengan konsentrasi efluen COD terlarut rata-rata 210,1 mg/L dan COD total rata-rata 375,2 mg/L.Kata kunci: asidifikasi, metanasi, CSTR, UASB, biogas

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Determination of organic content from formation-density logs, Devonian-Mississippian Woodford Shale, Anadarko Basin, Oklahoma

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr8720 ◽

1987 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T.C. Hester ◽

J.W. Schmoker

Keyword(s):

Organic Content ◽

Woodford Shale ◽

Anadarko Basin

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Biodegradability of Danube bank filtrate and its enhancement by ozonation

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2007.076 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 139-144

Author(s):

V.Z. Cukic ◽

V.L. Knezic

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽

Distribution Networks ◽

Organic Content ◽

Low Risk ◽

Danube River ◽

Source Water ◽

Transformation Processes ◽

By Products

The reduction of organic content through transformation processes in the Danube aquifer along a studied area, biodegradability of Danube bank filtrate and its enhancement by ozonation have all been examined in a study carried out in order to assess amenability of Danube bank filtrate for bio-filtration. As determined during the study period Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) varied from 4.6–6.5 mgC/L and from 2.8–3.7 mgC/L in Danube River and Danube bank filtrate respectively. As determined 11.2% of Danube bank filtrate DOC was bio-degradable. A substantial enhancement of biodegradability has been observed after the application of Ozone dosages ranging from 0.45 to 0.9 mgO3/ mgC. It was concluded that Danube bank filtrate itself is not amenable for bio-filtration but an enhancement of its bio-degradability by ozonation could make bio-filtration a reasonable and economical option for reducing of DOC content to the levels that provide low risk of excessive disinfection by-products formation and prevent bacterial re-growth in distribution networks of cities using Danube bank filtrate as the source water.

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Comparative study of domestic wastewater treatment efficiencies between facultative pond and water spinach pond

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1995.0148 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 263-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Seni Karnchanawong ◽

Jaras Sanjitt

Keyword(s):

Growth Rates ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Pilot Scale ◽

Organic Content ◽

Water Spinach ◽

Removal Rates ◽

Mass Removal ◽

Loading Rates ◽

Tropical Conditions ◽

Average Water

Two pilot-scale studies were comparatively conducted under tropical conditions during December 1992 to September 1993. One study involved facultative ponds(FP) and the others water spinach ponds(SP). Four rectangular concrete ponds, 0.8 m × 2.4 m × 1.1 m (width × length × depth), were employed to treat the Chiang Mai University campus wastewater. Water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica) was planted in two of the ponds. The influent characteristics noted showed a low organic content, i.e. BOD 25.4-29.9 mg/l, with BOD:N ratio around 1:1. The investigations were conducted using the following hydraulic retention times (HRT): 1.6, 2, 2.7, 4, 8 and 16 d. The results showed that the BOD, COD and SS mass removal rates increased as the mass loading rates increased and the SP was significantly more effective in reducing the organic content than the FP. No relationship was found between TN mass removal and the loading rates. However, the TP mass removal rates in the SP and the FP were rather low and were considered to be insignificant. It was observed that SS accumulated in the water spinach root systems which tended to act as a strainer. This process led to plant growth inhibition and finally die-off. The average water spinach growth rates varied from 37 to 107 g wet wt./(m2.d) and no relationship was established between the growth rates and the HRT.

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Development and physicochemical characterization of novel porous phosphate glass bone graft substitute and in vitro comparison with xenograft

Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine ◽

10.1007/s10856-021-06532-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Niketa Chauhan ◽

Nilay Lakhkar ◽

Amol Chaudhari

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Bone Graft ◽

Phosphate Glass ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Bone Graft Substitute ◽

Organic Content ◽

In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽

Porous Phosphate

AbstractThe process of bone regeneration in bone grafting procedures is greatly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the bone graft substitute. In this study, porous phosphate glass (PPG) morsels were developed and their physicochemical properties such as degradation, crystallinity, organic content, surface topography, particle size and porosity were evaluated using various analytical methods. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the PPG morsels was assessed and the interaction of the PPG morsels with Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) was studied by measuring cell proliferation and cell penetration depth. The cell-material interactions between PPG morsels and a commercially available xenograft (XG) were compared. The PPG morsels were observed to be amorphous, biocompatible and highly porous (porosity = 58.45%). From in vitro experiments, PPG morsels were observed to be non-cytotoxic and showed better cell proliferation. The internal surface of PPG was easily accessible to the cells compared to XG.

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Applying EFDC Explorer model in the Gallinas River, Mexico to estimate its assimilation capacity for water quality protection

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92453-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Claudia Villota-López ◽

Clemente Rodríguez-Cuevas ◽

Franklin Torres-Bejarano ◽

Rodolfo Cisneros-Pérez ◽

Rodolfo Cisneros-Almazán ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Industrial Wastewater ◽

Socioeconomic Development ◽

Inorganic Compounds ◽

Organic Content ◽

Phosphorus Compounds ◽

Active Components ◽

Nitrogenous Substances ◽

Efficient Recovery ◽

Assimilation Capacity

AbstractSanitary and industrial wastewater discharged into rivers, is a general problem that occurs in most of the world and Mexico is not the exception, the main goal of this research is to determine based on simulations of pollutants concentrations, the assimilation capacity of the Gallinas River against discharges of agricultural and industrial wastewater from the cultivation and processing of sugar cane under two different hypothetical simulation scenarios, based on reproducing two well know scenarios. In sugarcane cultivation, large quantities of fertilizers are used whose main active components are based on nitrogen or phosphorus compounds, therefore, the wastewater resulting from sugarcane processing contains a high organic content from 20 to 40% of inorganic compounds, such as nitrogenous substances, organic acids, and phosphorous sulfates. For this reason, the physical–chemical variables of interest analyzed in this work are the PO$$_4$$ 4 (phosphate), NO$$_3$$ 3 (nitrate), and DO (dissolved oxygen). With the simulation results according to each scenery, it can be determined, that despite the continuous discharge of polluting elements, the Gallinas River has a good assimilation capacity thanks to reaeration processes that permit efficient recovery of the dissolved oxygen in the water column. Gallinas River is located in the region known as the Huasteca Potosina, this investigation is relevant for the region due to the River is of vital importance being the main tributary that allows socioeconomic development activities in this zone. To carry out the simulations, was used the Explorer Modeling System 8.4 (EFCD) model and was performed two samplings campaign along 15 km in the water body to calibrate the numerical model to represent the dry and wet seasons during May and September respectively named as calibration scenarios.

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Online Fixed Tank Volatile Organic Content Calculation and Reporting

10.2118/195406-ms ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Shahrul Azman Zainal Abidin ◽

Azlina Khairi ◽

Lukman Abdul Karim ◽

Azleen Azna Khairil Hing

Keyword(s):

Organic Content ◽

Volatile Organic

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Mineralogical characterization and transport pathways of dune sand using Landsat TM data, Wahiba Sand Sea, Sultanate of Oman

Geomorphology ◽

10.1016/s0169-555x(99)00029-x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (3-4) ◽

pp. 235-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Patrick P Pease ◽

Gregory D Bierly ◽

Vatche P Tchakerian ◽

Neil W Tindale

Keyword(s):

Landsat Tm ◽

Sultanate Of Oman ◽

Dune Sand ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

Transport Pathways

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Isolation and Characterization of Beneficial Bacteria from Food Process Wastes

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1156

Author(s):

A-Leum Kim ◽

Seunghye Park ◽

Yoon-Kyoung Hong ◽

Ji-Hwan Shin ◽

Se-Hwan Joo

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

High Throughput Sequencing ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Waste Recycling ◽

Organic Content ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Acetic Acid Production ◽

Process Waste ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Plant Growth Promoting

Significant quantities of food waste are accumulated globally on an annual basis, with approximately one-third of the food produced (equivalent to 1.3 billion tons of food) being wasted each year. A potential food waste recycling application is its utilization as a soil conditioner or fertilizer, whereby it increases the soil organic content and microbial biomass. This study evaluated the effectiveness of food waste as a microbial resource by analyzing the microbial community composition and isolating plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in food waste obtained from various sources. High-throughput sequencing identified 393 bacterial operational taxonomic units in the food process waste (FPW) samples. Moreover, the results showed that Firmicutes was abundant in the waste samples, followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. A total of 92 bacteria were isolated from FPW. Moreover, the cultivable strains isolated from FPW belonged to the genus Bacillus, followed by Streptomyces and Proteus. Six isolated bacteria exhibited beneficial traits, including indole acetic acid production, antifungal resistance and extracellular lysis. FPW is a valuable microbial resource for isolation of PGPB, and its use as a fertilizer may enable a reduction in chemical fertilizer usage, thereby mitigating the corresponding adverse environmental impacts on sustainable crop development.

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