A gridded global data set of daily temperature and precipitation for terrestrial biospheric modeling

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen C. Piper ◽  
Elisabeth F. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Global Data

scholarly journals Validation of the HIRHAM-Simulated Indian Summer Monsoon Circulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Polanski ◽  
Annette Rinke ◽  
Klaus Dethloff
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Monsoon Circulation ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Topographic Features ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Simulated Precipitation

The regional climate model HIRHAM has been applied over the Asian continent to simulate the Indian monsoon circulation under present-day conditions. The model is driven at the lateral and lower boundaries by European reanalysis (ERA40) data for the period from 1958 to 2001. Simulations with a horizontal resolution of 50 km are carried out to analyze the regional monsoon patterns. The focus in this paper is on the validation of the long-term summer monsoon climatology and its variability concerning circulation, temperature, and precipitation. Additionally, the monsoonal behavior in simulations for wet and dry years has been investigated and compared against several observational data sets. The results successfully reproduce the observations due to a realistic reproduction of topographic features. The simulated precipitation shows a better agreement with a high-resolution gridded precipitation data set over the central land areas of India and in the higher elevated Tibetan and Himalayan regions than ERA40.

Für Wetter und Klima – Maritim-Meteorologische Observationen beim DWD

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Andersson ◽  
Henry Kleta ◽  
Hildrun Otten-Balaccanu ◽  
Thomas Möller
Keyword(s):  
Wird Eine ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Global Data

<p>Die Erfassung und Überwachung des Wetters und des Klimas auf den Weltmeeren hat eine lange Tradition beim Deutschen Wetterdienst (DWD) und seinen Vorgängerorganisationen in Hamburg. Seit dem 19. Jahrhundert werden auf Schiffen systematisch meteorologische und ozeanographische Informationen gesammelt, die ein detailliertes Verständnis des maritimen Wetters und des Klimas ermöglichen. Bis heute sind die meteorologischen Schiffsbeobachtungen eine wichtige Datenquelle für die Wettervorhersage und die Klimaüberwachung.</p> <p>Der Deutsche Wetterdienst betreibt ein großes meteorologisches maritimes Messnetz, welches mehr als 500 Schiffe umfasst, die regelmäßig Wetterbeobachtungen auf allen Weltmeeren durchführen. Diese Schiffe beteiligen sich am internationalen <em>Voluntary Observing Ship (VOS) Scheme</em> und ihre Beobachtungen werden in Echtzeit über das globale Telekommunikationssystem (GTS) der WMO verbreitet. Dabei wird eine zunehmende Anzahl von Beobachtungen von automatischen Wetterstationen an Bord von Schiffen geliefert.</p> <p>Neben der Nutzung für die operationelle Wettervorhersage sind die maritim-meteorologischen Observationen ein wichtiger Beitrag zu klimatologischen Archiven wie der In-situ Datenbank des maritimen Klimadatenzentrums des DWD. Diese Datenbank besteht aus qualitätskontrollierten Daten aus Echtzeit- und <em>delayed mode</em> Datenströmen, sowie aus einer großen Menge historischer Daten. Der Datenbestand wächst kontinuierlich durch aktuelle operationelle Dateneingänge, aber auch durch die Digitalisierung alter meteorologischer Schiffsjournale und reicht von heute bis weit zurück in das 19 Jahrhundert. Im Rahmen des internationalen Datenaustauschs über die WMO / IOC <em>VOS Global Data Assembly Centres</em> (GDACs) werden die maritimen Klimadaten regelmäßig in den <em>International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set</em> (ICOADS) integriert. Des Weiteren werden die Daten für eine Vielzahl von Klimaanwendungen verwendet, z.B. als Input für Reanalysen, für die operationelle Klimaüberwachung, klimatologische Analysen und Datenprodukte, sowie für die Kalibrierung von Satellitenbeobachtungen.</p>

The NOVAC database of volcanic SO2 emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Galle ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Web Repository ◽  
The Web

<p>We present a detailed global data-set of volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions during the period 2005-2017. Measurements were obtained by scanning-DOAS instruments of the NOVAC network at 32 volcanoes, and processed using a standardized procedure. We reveal the daily statistics of volcanic gas emissions under a variety of volcanological and meteorological conditions. Data from several volcanoes are presented for the first time. Our results  are compared with yearly averages derived from measurements from space by the Aura/OMI instrument and with historical inventories of GEIA. This comparison shows some interesting differences which reasons are briefly discussed. Data is openly available through the web repository at https://novac.chalmers.se/.</p>

scholarly journals Daily temperature and precipitation data for 223 USSR Stations

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Razuvaev ◽  
E.G. Apasova ◽  
R.A. Martuganov ◽  
R.S. Vose ◽  
P.M. Steurer
Keyword(s):  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Data ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

Census Enumeration and Group Conflict

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan S. Lieberman ◽  
Prerna Singh
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Cross National

Does the enumeration of ethnic, racial, and/or religious categories on national household censuses increase the likelihood of conflict? The authors propose a theory of intergroup relations that emphasizes the conflictual effects of institutionalizing boundaries between social identity groups. The article investigates the relationship between counting and various forms of conflict with an original, global data set that classifies the type of enumeration used in more than one thousand census questionnaires in more than 150 countries spanning more than two centuries. Through a series of cross-national statistical analyses, the authors find a robust association between enumeration of ethnic cleavages on the census and various forms of competition and conflict, including violent ethnic civil war. The plausibility of the theory is further demonstrated through case study analysis of religious conflict in India.

The shifting of climate types: manifestation to phenology and ecosystems structure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunta Kalvāne ◽  
Andis Kalvāns ◽  
Agrita Briede ◽  
Ilmārs Krampis ◽  
Dārta Kaupe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breaking Point ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Precipitation Regime ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Spatial Changes ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
The Impact

<p>According to the Köppen climate classification, almost the entire area of Latvia belongs to the same climate type, Dfb, which is characterized by humid continental climates with warm (sometimes hot) summers and cold winters.  In the last decades whether conditions on the western coast of Latvia more characterized by temperate maritime climates. In this area there has been a transition (and still ongoing) to the climate type Cfb.</p><p>Temporal and spatial changes of temperature and precipitation regime have been examined in whole territory to identify the breaking point of climate type shifts. We used two type of climatological data sets: gridded daily temperature from the E-OBS data set version 21.0e (Cornes et al., 2018) and direct observations from meteorological stations (data source: Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre). The temperature and precipitation regime have changed significantly in the last century - seasonal and regional differences can be observed in the territory of Latvia.</p><p>We have digitized and analysed more than 47 thousand phenological records, fixed by volunteers in period 1970-2018. Study has shown that significant seasonal changes have taken place across the Latvian landscape due to climate change (Kalvāne and Kalvāns, 2021). The largest changes have been recorded for the unfolding (BBCH11) and flowering (BBCH61) phase of plants – almost 90% of the data included in the database demonstrate a negative trend. The winter of 1988/1989 may be considered as breaking point, it has been common that many phases have begun sooner (particularly spring phases), while abiotic autumn phases have been characterized by late years.</p><p>Study gives an overview aboutclimate change (also climate type shift) impacts on ecosystems in Latvia, particularly to forest and semi-natural grasslands and temporal and spatial changes of vegetation structure and distribution areas.</p><p>This study was carried out within the framework of the Impact of Climate Change on Phytophenological Phases and Related Risks in the Baltic Region (No. 1.1.1.2/VIAA/2/18/265) ERDF project and the Climate change and sustainable use of natural resources institutional research grant of the University of Latvia (No. AAP2016/B041//ZD2016/AZ03).</p><p>Cornes, R. C., van der Schrier, G., van den Besselaar, E. J. M. and Jones, P. D.: An Ensemble Version of the E-OBS Temperature and Precipitation Data Sets, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 123(17), 9391–9409, doi:10.1029/2017JD028200, 2018.</p><p>Kalvāne, G. and Kalvāns, A.(2021): Phenological trends of multi-taxonomic groups in Latvia, 1970-2018, Int. J. Biometeorol., doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-020-02068-8, 2021.</p>

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