The NOVAC database of volcanic SO2 emissions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Galle ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Global Data ◽  
Web Repository ◽  
The Web

<p>We present a detailed global data-set of volcanic sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions during the period 2005-2017. Measurements were obtained by scanning-DOAS instruments of the NOVAC network at 32 volcanoes, and processed using a standardized procedure. We reveal the daily statistics of volcanic gas emissions under a variety of volcanological and meteorological conditions. Data from several volcanoes are presented for the first time. Our results  are compared with yearly averages derived from measurements from space by the Aura/OMI instrument and with historical inventories of GEIA. This comparison shows some interesting differences which reasons are briefly discussed. Data is openly available through the web repository at https://novac.chalmers.se/.</p>

scholarly journals A rapid deployment instrument network for temporarily monitoring volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions – a study case from Telica volcano

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-211
Author(s):  
V. Conde ◽  
D. Nilsson ◽  
B. Galle ◽  
R. Cartagena ◽  
A. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Data Set ◽  
So2 Flux ◽  
Geophysical Processes ◽  
Rapid Deployment ◽  
Short Time

Abstract. Volcanic gas emissions play a crucial role in describing geophysical processes; hence measurements of magmatic gases such as SO2 can be used as tracers prior and during volcanic crises. Different measurement techniques based on optical spectroscopy have provided valuable information when assessing volcanic crises. This paper describes the design and implementation of a network of spectroscopic instruments based on Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) for remote sensing of volcanic SO2 emissions, which is robust, portable and can be deployed in relative short time. The setup allows the processing of raw data in situ even in remote areas with limited accessibility, and delivers pre-processed data to end-users in near real time even during periods of volcanic crisis, via a satellite link. In addition, the hardware can be used to conduct short term studies of volcanic plumes in remotes areas. The network was tested at Telica, an active volcano located in western Nicaragua, producing what is so far the largest data set of continuous SO2 flux measurements at this volcano.

scholarly journals A rapid deployment instrument network for temporarily monitoring volcanic SO<sub>2</sub> emissions – a case study from Telica volcano

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Conde ◽  
D. Nilsson ◽  
B. Galle ◽  
R. Cartagena ◽  
A. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
So2 Flux ◽  
Geophysical Processes ◽  
Rapid Deployment

Abstract. Volcanic gas emissions play a crucial role in describing geophysical processes; hence, measurements of magmatic gases such as SO2 can be used as tracers prior to and during volcanic crises. Different measurement techniques based on optical spectroscopy have provided valuable information when assessing volcanic crises. This paper describes the design and implementation of a network of spectroscopic instruments based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) for remote sensing of volcanic SO2 emissions, which is robust, portable and can be deployed in relatively short time. The setup allows the processing of raw data in situ even in remote areas with limited accessibility, and delivers pre-processed data to end users in near real time, even during periods of volcanic crisis, via a satellite link. In addition, the hardware can be used to conduct short-term studies of volcanic plumes in remote areas. We describe here tests of the network at Telica, an active volcano located in western Nicaragua, during three different measurement periods, including an eruptive crisis. The tests produced what is so far the largest data set of continuous SO2 flux measurements at this volcano. The measurements show that, during the period 2010–2013, the flux averages approximately 100 tons per day (t day−1).

Redescription of Steleocoris Mayr, 1864 and Theloris Thunberg, 1783 (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), two poorly known African stink bugs

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4938 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-486
Author(s):  
JAQUELINE SANTANA TAVARES FERREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
JOCELIA GRAZIA ◽  
KIM RIBEIRO BARÃO
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
First Time ◽  
Web Repository ◽  
The Web

The knowledge about the monotypic genera Steleocoris Mayr and Theloris Thunberg is restricted to their original descriptions and subsequent nomenclatural acts. These genera are primarily distributed in South Africa and are two of the few genera of Carpocorini (Pentatomidae: Pentatominae) occurring in Africa. Here, we redescribe Steleocoris comma (Thunberg) and Theloris costata (Thunberg) and illustrate the genitalia of both sexes for the first time. Also, an occurrence map is provided based on collection labels from analyzed specimens and records available on GBIF and the web repository iNaturalist.org. 

scholarly journals Satellite-derived sulphur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) emissions from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption (Iceland)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Carboni ◽  
Tamsin A. Mather ◽  
Anja Schmidt ◽  
Roy G. Grainger ◽  
Melissa A. Pfeffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Sulphur Dioxide ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Optimal Estimation ◽  
Series Data ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Sounding ◽  
Estimation Scheme ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The six-month-long 2014–2015 Holuhraun eruption was the largest in Iceland for 200 years, emitting huge quantities of sulphur dioxide (SO2) into the troposphere, at times overwhelming European anthropogenic emissions. Weather, terrain and latitude, made continuous ground-based or UV satellite sensor measurements challenging. Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) data, is used to derive the first time-series of daily SO2 mass and vertical distribution over the eruption period. A new optimal estimation scheme is used to calculate daily SO2 fluxes and average e-folding time every twelve hours. The algorithm is used to estimate SO2 fluxes of up to 200 kt per day and a minimum total SO2 erupted mass of 4.4 ± 0.8 Tg. The average SO2 e-folding time was 2.4 ± 0.6 days. Where comparisons are possible, these results broadly agree with ground-based near-source measurements, independent remote-sensing data and model simulations of the eruption. The results highlight the importance of high-resolution time-series data to accurately estimate volcanic SO2 emissions.

Intuitionistic fuzzy two-factor variance analysis of movie ticket sales

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Velichka Traneva ◽  
Stoyan Tranev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Important Method ◽  
Ticket Sales ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is an important method in data analysis, which was developed by Fisher. There are situations when there is impreciseness in data In order to analyze such data, the aim of this paper is to introduce for the first time an intuitionistic fuzzy two-factor ANOVA (2-D IFANOVA) without replication as an extension of the classical ANOVA and the one-way IFANOVA for a case where the data are intuitionistic fuzzy rather than real numbers. The proposed approach employs the apparatus of intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) and index matrices (IMs). The paper also analyzes a unique set of data on daily ticket sales for a year in a multiplex of Cinema City Bulgaria, part of Cineworld PLC Group, applying the two-factor ANOVA and the proposed 2-D IFANOVA to study the influence of “ season ” and “ ticket price ” factors. A comparative analysis of the results, obtained after the application of ANOVA and 2-D IFANOVA over the real data set, is also presented.

Relationship Between Gas Emissions and Dry Matter Intake in Mature Angus Cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Amanda Holder ◽  
Megan A Gross ◽  
Alexi Moehlenpah ◽  
Paul Beck
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Second Period

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the effects of diet quality on greenhouse gas emissions and dry matter intake (DMI). We used 42 mature, gestating Angus cows (600±69 kg; and BSC 5.3±1.1) with a wide range in DMI EPD (-1.36 to 2.29). Cows were randomly assigned to 2 diet sequences forage-concentrate (FC) or concentrate-forage(CF) determined by the diet they consumed in each period (forage or concentrate). The cows were adapted to the diet and the SmartFeed individual intake units for 14 d followed by 45 d of intake data collection for each period. Body weight was recorded on consecutive weigh days at the beginning and end of each period and then once every two wk for the duration of a period. Cows were exposed to the GreenFeed Emission Monitoring (GEM) system for no less than 9 d during each period. The GEM system was used to measure emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Only cows with a minimum of 20 total &gt;3-m visits to the GEM were included in the data set. Data were analyzed in a crossover design using GLIMMIX in SASv.9.4. Within the CF sequence there was a significant, positive correlation between TMR DMI and CH4 (r=0.81) and TMR DMI and CO2 (r=0.69), however, gas emissions during the second period on the hay diet were not correlated with hay intake. There was a significant, positive correlation between hay DMI and CO2 (r=0.76) and hay DMI and CH4 (r=0.74) when cows first consumed forage (FC). In comparison to the CF sequence, cows on the FC sequence showed a positive correlation between CO2 and TMR DMI during the second period. There was also a significant positive correlation between hay and TMR DMI when assessed across (r=0.43) or within sequence (FC r=0.41, CF r=0.47).

A comparison of methodological approaches to the subfamilial classification of the Naididae (Oligochaeta)

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. L. Nemec ◽  
R. O. Brinkhurst
Keyword(s):  
Data Matrix ◽  
Jaccard Coefficient ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Parsimony Method ◽  
Fit Statistics ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Linkage Methods ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time

A data matrix of 23 generic or subgeneric taxa versus 24 characters and a shorter matrix of 15 characters were analyzed by means of ordination, cluster analyses, parsimony, and compatibility methods (the last two of which are phylogenetic tree reconstruction methods) and the results were compared inter alia and with traditional methods. Various measures of fit for evaluating the parsimony methods were employed. There were few compatible characters in the data set, and much homoplasy, but most analyses separated a group based on Stylaria from the rest of the family, which could then be separated into four groups, recognized here for the first time as tribes (Naidini, Derini, Pristinini, and Chaetogastrini). There was less consistency of results within these groups. Modern methods produced results that do not conflict with traditional groupings. The Jaccard coefficient minimizes the significance of symplesiomorphy and complete linkage avoids chaining effects and corresponds to actual similarities, unlike single or average linkage methods, respectively. Ordination complements cluster analysis. The Wagner parsimony method was superior to the less flexible Camin–Sokal approach and produced better measure of fit statistics. All of the aforementioned methods contain areas susceptible to subjective decisions but, nevertheless, they lead to a complete disclosure of both the methods used and the assumptions made, and facilitate objective hypothesis testing rather than the presentation of conflicting phylogenies based on the different, undisclosed premises of manual approaches.

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