Emission rates of sulfur dioxide, trace gases and metals from Mount Erebus, Antarctica

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 2125-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Kyle ◽  
Kimberley Meeker ◽  
David Finnegan
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Mount Erebus

scholarly journals Simulation of trace gases and aerosols over the Indian domain: evaluation of the WRF-Chem Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 12287-12336 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Michael ◽  
A. Yadav ◽  
S. N. Tripathi ◽  
V. P. Kanawade ◽  
A. Gaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Vertical Profiles ◽  
Monsoon Period

Abstract. The "online" meteorological and chemical transport Weather Research and Forecasting/Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model has been implemented over the Indian subcontinent for three consecutive summers in 2008, 2009 and 2010 to study the aerosol properties over the domain. The initial and boundary conditions are obtained from NCAR reanalysis data. The emission rates of sulfur dioxide, black carbon, organic carbon and PM2.5, which are developed over India at a grid resolution of 0.25° × 0.25° have been used in the present study. The remaining emissions are obtained from global inventories (RETRO and EDGAR). The model simulated the meteorological parameters, trace gases and particulate matter. Predicted mixing ratios of trace gases (Ozone, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide) are compared with ground based observations over Kanpur. Simulated aerosol optical depth are compared with those observed at nine Aerosol Robotic Network stations (AERONET). The simulations show that the aerosol optical depth of the less polluted regions is better simulated compared to that of the locations where the aerosol loading is very high. The vertical profiles of extinction coefficient observed at Kanpur Micropulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) station is in agreement with the simulated values for altitudes greater than 1.5 km and qualitatively simulate the elevated layers of aerosols. The simulated mass concentration of black carbon shows very good correlation with observations, due to the better local emission inventory used. The vertical profiles of black carbon at various locations have also been compared with observations from aircraft campaign held during pre-monsoon period of 2008 and 2009 resulting in good agreement. This study shows that WRF-Chem model captures many important features of the observations and therefore can be used for understanding and predicting regional atmospheric composition over Indian subcontinent.

Sulfur dioxide emission rates from Mount Erebus, Antarctica

1994 ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Kyle ◽  
Lauri M. Sybeldon ◽  
William C. McIntosh ◽  
K. Meeker ◽  
Robert Symonds
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emission ◽  
Mount Erebus

scholarly journals Eddy flux measurements of sulfur dioxide deposition to the sea surface

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (20) ◽  
pp. 15291-15305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack G. Porter ◽  
Warren De Bruyn ◽  
Eric S. Saltzman
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Molecular Diffusion ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Gas Transfer ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Flux Measurements

Abstract. Deposition to the sea surface is a major atmospheric loss pathway for many important trace gases, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2). The air–sea transfer of SO2 is controlled entirely on the atmospheric side of the air–sea interface due to high effective solubility and other physical–chemical properties. There have been few direct field measurements of such fluxes due to the challenges associated with making fast-response measurements of highly soluble trace gases at very low ambient levels. In this study, we report direct eddy covariance air–sea flux measurements of SO2, sensible heat, water vapor, and momentum. The measurements were made over shallow coastal waters from the Scripps Pier, La Jolla, CA, using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry as the SO2 sensor. The observed transfer velocities for SO2, sensible heat, water vapor, and momentum and their wind speed dependences indicate that SO2 fluxes can be reliably measured using this approach. As expected, the transfer velocities for SO2, sensible heat, and water vapor are lower than that for momentum, demonstrating the contribution of molecular diffusion to the overall air-side resistance to gas transfer. Furthermore, transfer velocities of SO2 were lower than those of sensible heat and water vapor when observed simultaneously. This result is attributed to diffusive resistance in the interfacial layer of the air–sea interface.

scholarly journals A dual, single detector relaxed eddy accumulation system for long-term measurement of mercury flux

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 8113-8156
Author(s):  
S. Osterwalder ◽  
J. Fritsche ◽  
M. B. Nilsson ◽  
C. Alewell ◽  
J. Sommar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Gases ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Elemental Mercury ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Gaseous Elemental Mercury ◽  
Relaxed Eddy Accumulation ◽  
Single Detector

Abstract. The fate of anthropogenic emissions of mercury (Hg) to the atmosphere is influenced by the exchange of elemental Hg with the earth surface. This exchange which holds the key to a better understanding of Hg cycling from local to global scales has been difficult to quantify. To advance and facilitate research about land–atmosphere Hg interactions, we developed a dual-intake, single analyzer Relaxed Eddy Accumulation (REA) system. REA is an established technique for measuring turbulent fluxes of trace gases and aerosol particles in the atmospheric surface layer. Accurate determination of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) fluxes has proven difficult to technical challenges presented by extremely small concentration differences (typically < 0.5 ng m−3) between updrafts and downdrafts. To address this we present an advanced REA design that uses two inlets and two pair of gold cartridges for semi-continuous monitoring of GEM fluxes. They are then analyzed sequentially on the same detector while another pair of gold cartridges takes over the sample collection. We also added a reference gas module for repeated quality-control measurements. To demonstrate the system performance, we present results from field campaigns in two contrasting environments: an urban setting with a heterogeneous fetch and a boreal mire during snow-melt. The observed emission rates were 15 and 3 ng m−2 h−1. We claim that this dual-inlet, single detector approach is a significant development of the REA system for ultra-trace gases and can help to advance our understanding of long-term land–atmosphere GEM exchange.

Gas emissions from the resumption of eruptive activity at Kīlauea Volcano’s summit in December 2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Kern ◽  
Patricia Nadeau ◽  
Tamar Elias ◽  
Peter Kelly ◽  
Allan Lerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Rift Zone ◽  
Lava Lake ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Volcanic Plumbing System ◽  
Lava Effusion

&lt;p&gt;K&amp;#299;lauea Volcano (Hawaii, USA) had been in a state of quiescence since the end of the historic 2018 eruption on its lower East Rift Zone. Tapping the volcanic plumbing system at elevations around 300 m well below the volcano&amp;#8217;s 1200 m summit, the 2018 eruption drained magma from the volcano&amp;#8217;s summit reservoir and East Rift Zone, causing the drainage of a decade-old subaerial lava lake followed by widespread caldera collapse. Two years later, on the evening of 20 December 2020, the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) once again detected a glow within the now vastly deepened Halema&amp;#699;uma&amp;#699;u Crater at K&amp;#299;lauea&amp;#8217;s summit. A new eruption had begun. Observations over the next few days revealed lava flowing from three vents in the wall of the crater and into its base. A water lake, which had formed in 2019 &amp;#8211; 2020 from groundwater infiltration, boiled off within hours and the crater began rapidly filling with lava. Over the first 3 days of the eruption, the new lava lake filled the lowermost ~150 m of the summit crater, and sulfur dioxide (SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) emission rates sometimes exceeded 30,000 metric tons per day (t/d) as measured by Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) traverses recorded both from the ground and by helicopter. These vigorous SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions were also clearly detected by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aboard the Sentinal-5 Precursor satellite, and comparisons of the ground-based data with those collected by TROPOMI are the topic of ongoing research. Lava effusion and gas emission rates then tailed off and, from 26 December to 2 January, DOAS measurements indicated SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions of ~5,000 t/d, similar to the average emission rate from K&amp;#299;lauea&amp;#8217;s summit lava lake throughout most of the volcano&amp;#8217;s 2008-2018 eruption. Data from a continuous Multiple Gas Analyzer System (MultiGAS) installed approximately 1.3 km downwind of the active vents indicate that the carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) to SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; molar ratio of the emitted gas is low (0.3 &amp;#177; 0.1), consistent with a model in which the erupted lava has been previously degassed in carbon dioxide but is only now degassing the more soluble sulfur as it reaches the surface. Further MultiGAS measurements performed with an unoccupied aircraft system (UAS) show that the gas composition varies throughout the emitted plume, but that the primary constituents are water vapor (~80-90% molar), carbon dioxide (~3%), and sulfur dioxide (~7-16%), while hydrogen sulfide is below the detection limit of the instrumentation. As of 11 January 2021, lava effusion and gas emissions appear to be slowly decreasing in vigor, but it is as yet unclear whether the eruption will continue to weaken and end within the coming weeks, or whether K&amp;#299;lauea Volcano will once again harbor a sustained subaerial lava lake for months or years to come.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Evaluation of GEOS-5 sulfur dioxide simulations during the Frostburg, MD 2010 field campaign

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1929-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Buchard ◽  
A. M. da Silva ◽  
P. Colarco ◽  
N. Krotkov ◽  
R. R. Dickerson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Anthropogenic Emission ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Field Campaign

Abstract. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a major atmospheric pollutant with a strong anthropogenic component mostly produced by the combustion of fossil fuel and other industrial activities. As a precursor of sulfate aerosols that affect climate, air quality, and human health, this gas needs to be monitored on a global scale. Global climate and chemistry models including aerosol processes along with their radiative effects are important tools for climate and air quality research. Validation of these models against in-situ and satellite measurements is essential to ascertain the credibility of these models and to guide model improvements. In this study, the Goddard Chemistry, Aerosol, Radiation, and Transport (GOCART) module running on-line inside the Goddard Earth Observing System version 5 (GEOS-5) model is used to simulate aerosol and SO2 concentrations. Data taken in November 2010 over Frostburg, Maryland during an SO2 field campaign involving ground instrumentation and aircraft are used to evaluate GEOS-5 simulated SO2 concentrations. Preliminary data analysis indicated the model overestimated surface SO2 concentration, which motivated the examination of the specification of SO2 anthropogenic emission rates. As a result of this analysis, a revision of anthropogenic emission inventories in GEOS-5 was implemented, and the vertical placement of SO2 sources was updated. Results show that these revisions improve the model agreement with observations locally and in regions outside the area of this field campaign. In particular, we use the ground-based measurements collected by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) for the year 2010 to evaluate the revised model simulations over North America.

scholarly journals Sulfur dioxide emissions from Papandayan and Bromo, two Indonesian volcanoes

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1895-1912
Author(s):  
P. Bani ◽  
M. Hendrasto ◽  
H. Gunawan ◽  
S. Primulyana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Fumarolic Activity ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
So2 Emission ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Indonesian Archipelago ◽  
So2 Flux ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Active Volcanoes

Abstract. Indonesia hosts 79 active volcanoes, representing 14% of all active volcanoes worldwide. However, little is known about their passive degassing into the atmosphere due to isolation and access difficulties. Existing SO2 emission budgets for the Indonesian archipelago are based on extrapolations and inferences as there is a considerable lack of field assessments of degassing. Here, we present the first SO2 flux measurements using DOAS for Papandayan and Bromo, two of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia. Results indicate mean SO2 emission rates of 1.4 t d−1 from the fumarolic activity of Papandayan and more than 22–32 t d−1 of SO2 released by Bromo during a declining eruptive phase.

Dinamica numărului unităților de transport ca factor de poluare a aerului atmosferic în R.D. Nord a Republicii Moldova

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrian Tugulea ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Large Growth ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Transport Emissions

Because of the growing vehicle population and the high emission rates, serious air pollution problems have become common phenomenon in modern life. Emissions from the transport sectors (land-based transport, shipping, and aviation) significantly contribute to this effect. This is of particular relevance in view of comparatively large growth rates of these sectors. Climatically active components of transport emissions include: the long-lived greenhouse gas CO2; shortlived trace gases, in particular nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and volatile organic compounds (VOC), which can induce changes in the concentration of the greenhouse gases ozone (O3) and methane (CH4); as well as aerosol particles (e.g., soot) and aerosol precursor gases (e.g., SO2 or the aforementioned NOx and VOC), which can cause important modifications of clouds and radiation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document