Observations of CH4and N2O by the NIMBUS 7 SAMS: A comparison with in situ data and two-dimensional numerical model calculations

1984 ◽  
Vol 89 (D4) ◽  
pp. 5263-5279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Jones ◽  
J. A. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
In Situ Data

scholarly journals Mapping of Snow Depth by Blending Satellite and In-Situ Data Using Two-Dimensional Optimal Interpolation—Application to AMSR2

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cezar Kongoli ◽  
Jeffrey Key ◽  
Thomas M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Snow Depth ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Optimal Interpolation ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
The Difference

The development of a snow depth product over North America is investigated by applying two-dimensional optimal interpolation to passive microwave satellite-derived and in-situ measured snow depth. At each snow-covered satellite footprint, the technique computes a snow depth increment as the weighted average of data increments, and updates the satellite-derived snow depth accordingly. Data increments are computed as the difference between the in-situ-measured and satellite snow depth at station locations surrounding the satellite footprint. Calculation of optimal weights is based on spatial lag autocorrelation of snow depth increments, modelled as functions of horizontal distance and elevation difference between pairs of observations. The technique is applied to Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) snow depth and in-situ snow depth obtained from the Global Historical Climatology Network. The results over North America during January–February 2017 indicate that the technique greatly enhances the performance of the satellite estimates, especially over mountain terrain, albeit with an accuracy inferior to that over low elevation areas. Moreover, the technique generates more accurate output compared to that from NOAA’s Global Forecast System, with implications for improving the utilization of satellite data in snow assessments and numerical weather prediction.

On the use of satellites to obtain information on the occurrence of natural and anthropogenic aerosols over the boreal eurasian forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8451-8483 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. de Leeuw ◽  
A. Arola ◽  
L. Sogacheva ◽  
N. Kivekäs ◽  
V.-M. Kerminen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Anthropogenic Aerosols ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Optical Instruments ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Natural Aerosols ◽  
Along Track ◽  
Aerosol Properties

Abstract. The ALANIS-Aerosols project is a feasibility study on the use of existing satellite data for discriminating between natural aerosols emitted by boreal Eurasian forests and long-range transported anthropogenic aerosols. In this paper an overview is provided of different satellite products which are potentially useful to obtain this kind of information. Approaches that have been followed in the past are briefly summarized. Secondary production of aerosols from their precursor gases, in particular biogenic volatile organic compounds which play an important role in the formation of new particles through nucleation, is briefly discussed. These newly formed particles are initially too small to observe directly with optical instruments used for earth observation (EO) but through the use of proxies information can be obtained on global nucleation mode aerosol concentrations. Next we focus on aerosols with particle sizes in the optically active size range, roughly particles with a diameter larger than 50–100 nm, depending on wavelength. These particles can be observed with EO instruments as well as using several different types of in situ observations. The satellite data used are aerosol properties retrieved from the Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR, flying on ENVISAT since 2002) using both the forward and nadir view with the AATSR dual view algorithm (ADV). Ground-based in situ data used here are aerosol properties measured in Hyytiälä, Finland. These observations are complemented with model calculations using the global atmospheric aerosol and chemistry model GLOMAP. Examples show the complementarity of different data sources to obtain information on the temporal and spatial information on the nature of aerosols over the Boreal forest.

scholarly journals Origin and Fate of the Chukchi Slope Current Using a Numerical Model and In‐situ Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengling Leng ◽  
Michael A. Spall ◽  
Robert S. Pickart ◽  
Peigen Lin ◽  
Xuezhi Bai
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
In Situ Data

scholarly journals New approach to evaluate satellite derived XCO<sub>2</sub> over oceans by integrating ship and aircraft observations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Müller ◽  
Hiroshi Tanimoto ◽  
Takafumi Sugita ◽  
Toshinobu Machida ◽  
Shin-ichiro Nakaoka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Reference Dataset ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
In Situ Data

Abstract. Satellite observations provide spatially-resolved global estimates of column-averaged mixing ratios of CO2 (XCO2) over the Earth's surface. The accuracy of these datasets can be validated against reliable standards in some areas, but other areas remain inaccessible. To date, limited reference data over oceans hinders successful uncertainty quantification or bias correction efforts, and precludes reliable conclusions about changes in the carbon cycle in some regions. Here, we propose a new approach to analyze and evaluate seasonal, interannual and latitudinal variations of XCO2 over oceans by integrating cargo-ship (SOOP, Ship Of Opportunity) and commercial aircraft (CONTRAIL, Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airliner) observations with the aid of state-of-the art atmospheric chemistry-transport model calculations. The consistency of the in situ based column-averaged CO2 dataset (in situ XCO2) with satellite estimates was analyzed over the Western Pacific between 2014 and 2017, and its utility as reference dataset evaluated. Our results demonstrate that the new dataset accurately captures seasonal and interannual variations of CO2. Retrievals of XCO2 over the ocean from GOSAT (Greenhouse gases observing satellite: NIES v02.75, National Institute for Environmental Studies; ACOS v7.3, Atmospheric CO2 Observation from Space) and OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory, v9r) observations show a negative bias of about 1 parts per million (ppm) in northern midlatitudes, which was attributed to measurement uncertainties of the satellite observations. The NIES retrieval had higher consistency with in situ XCO2 at midlatitudes as compared to the other retrievals. At low latitudes, it shows many fewer valid data and high scatter, such that ACOS and OCO-2 appear to provide a better representation of the carbon cycle. At different times, the seasonal cycles of all three retrievals show positive phase shifts of one month relative to the in situ data. The study indicates that even if the retrievals complement each other, remaining uncertainties limit the accurate interpretation of spatiotemporal changes in CO2 fluxes. A continuous long-term XCO2 dataset with wide latitudinal coverage based on the new approach has a great potential as a robust reference dataset for XCO2 and can help to better understand changes in the carbon cycle in response to climate change using satellite observations.

Deepwater Current Profile Data Sources for Riser Engineering Offshore Brazil

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gus Jeans ◽  
Marc Prevosto ◽  
Liam Harrington-Missin ◽  
Christophe Maisondieu ◽  
Christelle Herry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
In Situ Data

A variety of current profile data sources are compared for a deepwater site offshore Brazil. These data were gathered for consideration as part of the Worldwide Approximations of Current Profiles (WACUP) Joint Industry Project, described separately in OMAE2012-83348. The primary source of data for current profile characterisation is site specific full water column measurement. Sufficiently high vertical and temporal resolutions are required to capture the dominant oceanographic processes. Such in-situ data are generally expensive and time consuming to collect, so there is an increasing tendency for numerical model current data to be considered for engineering applications. In addition to being relatively inexpensive and quick to obtain, model data are also typically of much longer duration. This potentially allows inter-annual variability and rare extreme events to be captured. However, the accuracy and reliability of numerical model data remains questionable, or unproven, in many deepwater development regions. This paper explores the suitability of such models to represent a deepwater site offshore Brazil, in relation to the key oceanographic processes revealed within the in-situ data.

Deepwater Current Profile Data Sources for Riser Engineering Offshore West Africa

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gus Jeans ◽  
Liam Harrington-Missin ◽  
Mark Calverley ◽  
Christophe Maisondieu ◽  
Cyril Frelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Field Development ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Reliable Quantification

Reliable quantification of current profiles is required for safe and cost effective offshore exploration and field development. The current regime offshore West Africa is often considered benign, compared to some regions of oil and gas activity, but still presents challenges to reliable quantification. A key challenge to all offshore developments is acquisition of appropriate data. The primary source of data for riser design is site specific full water column measurement. Such in-situ data are generally expensive and time consuming to collect, so there is an increasing tendency for numerical model current data to be considered. Model data are often relatively quick and inexpensive to obtain, with the added benefit of a much longer duration, potentially allowing inter-annual variability and extreme events to be captured. However, the accuracy and reliability of numerical model data remains questionable, or unproven, in many deepwater development regions. This paper explores the suitability of such models to represent a deepwater site offshore West Africa, in relation to the key oceanographic processes revealed within the in-situ data.

Current Profile Data Sources for Engineering Design West of Shetlands

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gus Jeans ◽  
Joe Fox ◽  
Claire Channelliere
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Engineering Design ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Current Profile ◽  
Profile Data ◽  
Field Development ◽  
In Situ Data

Current profile data sources considered for derivation of engineering design criteria West of Shetland are described. The region is impacted by a variety of oceanographic processes that combine to produce a complex current regime. Reliable quantification of the resulting current profiles is required for safe and cost effective offshore exploration and field development. A key challenge to all offshore developments is acquisition of appropriate data. Site specific measurement remains the primary current profile data source for engineering applications, with full water column coverage at sufficient resolution required for riser design. Such in-situ data are generally expensive and time consuming to collect, so there is an increasing tendency for numerical model current data to be considered. Model data are often relatively quick and inexpensive to obtain, with the added benefit of a much longer duration, potentially allowing inter-annual variability and extreme events to be captured. However, the accuracy and reliability of numerical model data remains questionable, or unproven, in many deepwater development regions. This paper describes a recent study in which in-situ data remained the primary source for derivation of current profile criteria for engineering design. Short duration proprietary data were supplemented by additional public domain data from nearby sites in a regional synthesis, with critical results. The performance and benefits of readily available model data are also considered.

STORM ICE OIL WIND WAVE WATCH SYSTEM (SIOWS): WEB GIS APPLICATION FOR MONITORING THE ARCTIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Alexander Myasoedov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Sergey Azarov ◽  
Ekaterina Balashova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Wind Wave ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Web Gis ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Flexible Tool ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Current State ◽  
Watch System

Working with satellite data, has long been an issue for users which has often prevented from a wider use of these data because of Volume, Access, Format and Data Combination. The purpose of the Storm Ice Oil Wind Wave Watch System (SIOWS) developed at Satellite Oceanography Laboratory (SOLab) is to solve the main issues encountered with satellite data and to provide users with a fast and flexible tool to select and extract data within massive archives that match exactly its needs or interest improving the efficiency of the monitoring system of geophysical conditions in the Arctic. SIOWS - is a Web GIS, designed to display various satellite, model and in situ data, it uses developed at SOLab storing, processing and visualization technologies for operational and archived data. It allows synergistic analysis of both historical data and monitoring of the current state and dynamics of the "ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere" system in the Arctic region, as well as Arctic system forecasting based on thermodynamic models with satellite data assimilation.

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