Disruption of the dopamine Β-hydroxylase gene in mice suggests roles for norepinephrine in motor function, learning, and memory.

1997 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Thomas ◽  
Richard D. Palmiter
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Function Learning ◽  
Hydroxylase Gene

Employment as a Social Determinant of Health: Exploring the Relationship Between Neurocognitive Function and Employment Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Hergenrather ◽  
Diona Emmanuel ◽  
Maureen McGuire-Kuletz ◽  
Scott D. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Function Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Purpose:To explore employment as a social determinant of health through examining the relationship between neurocognitive function and employment status.Method:The authors explored the causal relationship between employment status and neurocognitive function by conducting a systematic review of 15 longitudinal studies. The identified studies were conducted in Australia, Denmark, Norway, and the United States.Results:Five neurocognitive function domains were identified (i.e., complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor function) across diagnosis (i.e., bipolar disorder, first-episode psychosis, human immunodeficiency virus, major depression, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, traumatic brain injury). Unemployment was correlated with poorer attention, executive function, learning and memory, perceptual-motor function, and language. Employment was correlated with better attention, executive function, learning and memory, perceptual-motor function.Conclusion:The acknowledgment of the relationship between neurocognitive function and employment status can assist service providers in assessing and developing strategies to enhance and maintain employment outcomes. The assessment of neurocognitive function could be further explored by identifying standard measures and assessment timelines to assess the six domains across diagnosis. Vocational rehabilitation services could integrate cognitive interventions (cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive enhancement therapy, cognitive remediation) to explore the effect on neurocognitive function and employment outcomes. Further longitudinal research studies are needed, for both persons with disabilities and persons without disabilities, to elucidate the relationship between employment status and neurocognitive function.

scholarly journals A method of assessment of central nervous function in mice with viral encephalomyelitis

1969 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Seamer ◽  
S. Peto
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Function Learning ◽  
Viral Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Langat Virus ◽  
Nervous Function ◽  
Rate Of Learning ◽  
Method Of Assessment

A quantitative investigation into the balancing and locomotor function, learning and memory of mice infected with an arthropod-borne virus is described. Mice can remain on a rod rotating in a horizontal plane about its long axis, and this natural ability can be assessed by counting the number of times they fall off. The mice improve their ability with experience and can retain the improved ability for short periods. Natural ability in mice about 25 days old was greater than in those 3 weeks older. This ability was diminished by the encephalomyelitis which resulted from infection with Langat virus. Within the limits of the experiments the rate of learning depended upon the number of trials rather than the interval between them. Memory lasting 10 days or longer was demonstrated in some mice but evidence on the effect of ageing on learning and memory was conflicting. Despite the presence of Langat virus infection the learning ability and memory of mice which showed no clinical signs of disease appeared to be unimpaired.

scholarly journals Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol Rescues AD Deficits by Modulating Microglia Activation but Not Oxidative Stress

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5338
Author(s):  
Hsin-Ping Liu ◽  
Yueh-Hsiung Kuo ◽  
Jack Cheng ◽  
Li-Zhong Chang ◽  
Meng-Shiun Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Microglia Activation ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Function Learning

Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol (EK100) was isolated from the Taiwan-specific medicinal fungus Antrodia camphorata, which is known for its health-promotion and anti-aging effects in folk medicine. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major aging-associated disease. We investigated the efficacy and potential mechanism of ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol for AD symptoms. Drosophila with the pan-neuronal overexpression of human amyloid-β (Aβ) was used as the AD model. We compared the life span, motor function, learning, memory, oxidative stress, and biomarkers of microglia activation and inflammation of the ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol-treated group to those of the untreated control. Ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol treatment effectively improved the life span, motor function, learning, and memory of the AD model compared to the untreated control. Biomarkers of microglia activation and inflammation were reduced, while the ubiquitous lipid peroxidation, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity remained unchanged. In conclusion, ergosta-7,9(11),22-trien-3β-ol rescues AD deficits by modulating microglia activation but not oxidative stress.

scholarly journals The physiological roles of tau and Aβ: implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathology and therapeutics

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Kent ◽  
Tara L. Spires-Jones ◽  
Claire S. Durrant
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Dna Protection ◽  
Function Learning ◽  
Therapeutic Development

Abstract Tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) are the prime suspects for driving pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and, as such, have become the focus of therapeutic development. Recent research, however, shows that these proteins have been highly conserved throughout evolution and may have crucial, physiological roles. Such functions may be lost during AD progression or be unintentionally disrupted by tau- or Aβ-targeting therapies. Tau has been revealed to be more than a simple stabiliser of microtubules, reported to play a role in a range of biological processes including myelination, glucose metabolism, axonal transport, microtubule dynamics, iron homeostasis, neurogenesis, motor function, learning and memory, neuronal excitability, and DNA protection. Aβ is similarly multifunctional, and is proposed to regulate learning and memory, angiogenesis, neurogenesis, repair leaks in the blood–brain barrier, promote recovery from injury, and act as an antimicrobial peptide and tumour suppressor. This review will discuss potential physiological roles of tau and Aβ, highlighting how changes to these functions may contribute to pathology, as well as the implications for therapeutic development. We propose that a balanced consideration of both the physiological and pathological roles of tau and Aβ will be essential for the design of safe and effective therapeutics.

O1-03-04: Genetic dissection of APP gene family for synaptic function, learning and memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. S99-S99
Author(s):  
Ulrike Mueller ◽  
Maja Klevanski ◽  
Sascha Weyer ◽  
Meike Hick ◽  
Andrea Delekate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Genetic Dissection ◽  
Function Learning ◽  
App Gene

scholarly journals Anesthetics isoflurane and desflurane differently affect mitochondrial function, learning, and memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiying Zhang ◽  
Zhipeng Xu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yuanlin Dong ◽  
Hai Ning Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Function Learning

scholarly journals Individuals with and without Normal Tension Glaucoma Exhibit Comparable Performance on Tests of Cognitive Function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi N Cui ◽  
David Green ◽  
Mohit Jethi ◽  
Travis Porco ◽  
Jane Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Charlson Comorbidity Index ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Normal Tension Glaucoma ◽  
Function Learning ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Comorbidity Index

Aim: Glaucoma and dementia are both age-related neurodegenerative diseases with significant societal impact. Despite evidence suggesting an association between normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and dementia, lack of consensus remains due to conflicting reports. This cross-sectional cohort study administered a battery of neurocognitive tests targeting executive function, learning, and memory in subjects with NTG and unaffected controls to evaluate aspects of cognition impacted by dementia. Methods: Fifty NTG and 50 control patients ≥ 50 years of age were recruited from the UCSF Department of Ophthalmology. Demographic data and glaucoma parameters were extracted from electronic medical records for both groups. Tests of executive function (Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research [EXAMINER]) and learning and memory (California Verbal Learning Test Second Edition [CVLT II]) were administered to both NTG and Controls. Race, handedness, best-corrected visual acuity, maximum intraocular pressure, optic nerve cup to disc ratio, visual field and optic nerve optical coherence tomography parameters, and a measure of general health (Charlson Comorbidity Index) were compared between NTG and Controls as well as within NTG subgroups. Multivariate linear regression was used to compare group performances on the EXAMINER battery and CVLT II while controlling for age, sex, and years of education. Results: NTG and Controls were comparable with respect to age, sex, race, education, handedness, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (p>0.05 for all). Performance on the EXAMINER composite score and the CVLT II did not differ between NTG and Controls (p>0.05 for both). Conclusions: This is the first prospective study in which the cognitive function of subject with NTG were evaluated using a comprehensive, computerized neurocognitive battery. Subjects with NTG subjects did not perform worse than unaffected controls on tests of executive function, learning, and memory. Results do not support the hypothesis that individuals with NTG are at higher risk for cognitive dysfunction and/or dementia.

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