Employment as a Social Determinant of Health: Exploring the Relationship Between Neurocognitive Function and Employment Status

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Hergenrather ◽  
Diona Emmanuel ◽  
Maureen McGuire-Kuletz ◽  
Scott D. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Function Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Purpose:To explore employment as a social determinant of health through examining the relationship between neurocognitive function and employment status.Method:The authors explored the causal relationship between employment status and neurocognitive function by conducting a systematic review of 15 longitudinal studies. The identified studies were conducted in Australia, Denmark, Norway, and the United States.Results:Five neurocognitive function domains were identified (i.e., complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual-motor function) across diagnosis (i.e., bipolar disorder, first-episode psychosis, human immunodeficiency virus, major depression, schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, traumatic brain injury). Unemployment was correlated with poorer attention, executive function, learning and memory, perceptual-motor function, and language. Employment was correlated with better attention, executive function, learning and memory, perceptual-motor function.Conclusion:The acknowledgment of the relationship between neurocognitive function and employment status can assist service providers in assessing and developing strategies to enhance and maintain employment outcomes. The assessment of neurocognitive function could be further explored by identifying standard measures and assessment timelines to assess the six domains across diagnosis. Vocational rehabilitation services could integrate cognitive interventions (cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive enhancement therapy, cognitive remediation) to explore the effect on neurocognitive function and employment outcomes. Further longitudinal research studies are needed, for both persons with disabilities and persons without disabilities, to elucidate the relationship between employment status and neurocognitive function.

Employment as a Social Determinant of Health: A Review of Longitudinal Studies Exploring the Relationship Between Employment Status and Mental Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Hergenrather ◽  
Robert J. Zeglin ◽  
Maureen McGuire-Kuletz ◽  
Scott D. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Purpose: To explore employment as a social determinant of health through examining the relationship between employment status and mental health.Method: The authors conducted a systematic review of 48 longitudinal studies conducted in Australia, Canada, Croatia, Germany, Ireland, Israel, the Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom, and United States to explore the causal relationship between employment status and mental health.Results: Five common trajectories were identified as employment, unemployment, job loss, reemployment, and retired. Employment and reemployment were associated with better mental health (e.g., lower psychological distress, lower depression, lower anxiety), whereas unemployment and job loss were correlated with poorer mental health (e.g., higher depression, higher psychological distress).Conclusion: To enhance employment outcomes, service providers must acknowledge the relationship between employment status and mental health. The trajectories of employment and reemployment should be further explored by category (e.g., temporary, adequacy, income, skill level, hours, status). Additional research is needed to further elucidate the relationship between employment status and mental health.

Employment as a Social Determinant of Health: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies Exploring the Relationship Between Employment Status and Physical Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Hergenrather ◽  
Robert J. Zeglin ◽  
Maureen McGuire-Kuletz ◽  
Scott D. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Purpose:To explore employment as a social determinant of health through examining the relationship between employment status and physical health.Method:The authors explored the causal relationship between employment status and physical health through conducting a systematic review of 22 longitudinal studies conducted in Finland, France, the Netherlands, Nigeria, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States.Results:Five common trajectories were identified as employment, unemployment, job loss, reemployment, and retired. Unemployment and job loss were associated with poorer physical health. Employment and reemployment were associated with better physical health.Conclusion:To enhance employment outcomes, it is important for service providers to acknowledge the interaction between the client’s physical health and employment status, and assess client physical functioning. Additional research is necessary to further elucidate this interaction.

‘I can speak on this here’: empowerment within an Aboriginal adult literacy campaign

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Frances Williamson ◽  
Bob Boughton
Keyword(s):  
Adult Literacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Literacy Campaign ◽  
Learning To Read ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Abstract This case study details the impacts of an Aboriginal-led adult literacy campaign in Brewarrina between 2015 and 2017. Forming part of a wider investigation into literacy as a social determinant of health, the study explores the relationship between involvement in the literacy campaign and the capacity of graduates to take greater control of the conditions affecting their lives. Empowerment is used here as the central explanatory construct despite robust criticism of theoretical slippage. We argue that empowerment remains relevant particularly in the context of ongoing and entrenched disenfranchisement of the low-literate in Australian Aboriginal communities. Drawing on in-depth ‘yarning’ interviews, we find strong evidence of individual empowerment among graduates of the adult literacy campaign, particularly in terms of increased self-control and confidence. However, collective change such as increased participation and organisation at the community level is less apparent. This finding underscores two important aspects of empowerment. Firstly, like learning to read and write, the task of regaining personal and collective power can be a slow and difficult undertaking. Secondly, achieving empowerment is intimately linked to addressing the causes of disempowerment. This ultimately means tackling those power relations which impact choices, opportunities and well-being beyond the borders of individual's lives and communities.

Title: Pain and poverty: Disparities by poverty level in the experience of pain-related interference

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M Keralis
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Medical Expenditure Panel Survey ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health

Abstract Objective To assess the relationship between poverty and pain-related interference. Subjects Data on a sample of 108,259 adults aged 18 and older from the Household Component of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) from 2013-2017 were analyzed. Methods I assess the odds of reporting any pain-related interference, as well as increasing levels of pain-related interference, using binary and ordinal logistic regression, respectively. Results After controlling for covariates, the analysis showed a significant association between poverty and pain-related interference, with more severe levels of poverty associated with increased odds of reporting any pain-related interference as well as increased levels of pain-related interference. However, Hispanics were less likely to report any pain-related interference overall, and more severe levels of poverty were associated with decreased odds of reporting pain among Hispanics. Conclusion Policy makers should regard poverty as a social determinant of health, taking poverty and socioeconomic status into consideration when designing health policies.

GED Privatization as a Social Determinant of Health

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Page-Reeves ◽  
Enrique Cardiel
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Determinant ◽  
Neoliberal Restructuring ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Determinant Of Health ◽  
Improve Health

This article explores a novel place-based effort to improve health outcomes in a ten-square block neighborhood in Albuquerque, New Mexico by assisting people with obtaining a GED. Research conducted as a community-engaged study documents the history and preliminary outcomes of the initiative and how, in the context of the recent privatization of the GED, the welfare of individuals intersects with neoliberal politics. This research offers a timely investigation of the relationship between health and education in the context of ongoing neoliberal restructuring.

scholarly journals Food insecurity and neurocognitive function among women living with or at risk for HIV in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 1280-1286
Author(s):  
Judy Y Tan ◽  
Lila A Sheira ◽  
Edward A Frongillo ◽  
Adaora A Adimora ◽  
Phyllis C Tien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Living With Hiv

ABSTRACT Background Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) persists among women living with HIV. Food insecurity is also common among women and may be an important modifiable contributor of NCI. Objective The goal of this study was to determine the association of food insecurity with neurocognitive function among women living with or without HIV. Methods From 2013 to 2015, we analyzed data from a cross-sectional sample from the Women's Interagency HIV Study (WIHS). Measures included food insecurity and a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery assessing executive function, processing speed, attention/working memory, learning, memory, fluency, and motor function. We conducted multivariable linear regressions to examine associations between food insecurity and domain-specific neurocognitive performance, adjusting for relevant sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. Results Participants (n = 1,324) were predominantly HIV seropositive (68%), Black/African-American (68%) or Hispanic (16%), and low income (48% reported <$12,000/y), with a median age of 49.6 y (IQR = 43.1, 55.5). Approximately one-third (36%, n = 479) were food insecure. Food insecurity was associated with poorer executive function (b = −1.45, SE = 0.58, P ≤ 0.01) and processing speed (b = −1.30, SE = 0.59, P ≤ 0.05). HIV serostatus modified the association between food insecurity and learning, memory, and motor function (P values <0.05). Food insecurity was positively associated with learning among women living with HIV (b = 1.58, SE = 0.77, P ≤ 0.05) and negatively associated with motor function among HIV-negative women (b = −3.57, SE = 1.08, P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions Food insecurity was associated with domain-specific neurocognitive function in women, and HIV serostatus modified associations. Food security may be an important point of intervention for ethnically diverse women with low socioeconomic status. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine potential pathways by which food insecurity is associated with neurocognitive function among women living with or at risk for HIV.

scholarly journals What is Your Degree Worth? The Relationship Between Post–Secondary Programs and Employment Outcomes

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-399
Author(s):  
Barbara Fenesi ◽  
Faria Sana
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Post Secondary ◽  
Graduate Survey ◽  
The Relationship

There is a long-standing debate over the value of certain postsecondary programs in facilitating employment after graduation. The National Graduate Survey (2005) was used to examine how graduates of various programs differ in their pursuits of higher education, employment status, job-program relatedness and job qualifications. Results suggest that graduates from humanities are more likely to pursue higher education, are less likely to be employed full time, are more likely to have jobs unrelated to their program, and are more likely to be overqualified for their jobs. These findings highlight that humanities programs may not provide the knowledge and skills that are in current economic demand.  

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