scholarly journals Accuracy of self-reported gambling frequency and outcomes: Comparisons with account data.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Heirene ◽  
Amy Wang ◽  
Sally M. Gainsbury
Keyword(s):  
Gambling Frequency

The Structure and Subtypes of Gambling Frequency: An Approach to Studying Associations with Different Gambling Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Huggett ◽  
Evan Winiger ◽  
Rohan Palmer ◽  
John K. Hewitt ◽  
Robin P. Corley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Gambling Behaviors ◽  
Pathways Model ◽  
The Common ◽  
Gambling Activities ◽  
Gambling Frequency

The multitude of gambling activities corresponds to heterogeneous ways of analyzing behavioral outcomes and may partially underlie the lack of replication in gambling research. The current study incorporated complementary analyses to provide an approach to investigate associations with multi-dimensional gambling data that we demonstrated in a discovery/community sample of 2,116 twins (54.86% female; Mage=24.90) and a replication/clinical sample of 619 siblings (30.37% female; Mage=28.00). Our proposed approach was twofold. First, we used confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) to derive a general gambling frequency measure across eight gambling activities and to test the common liability hypothesis. Second, we conducted latent class analyses (LCAs) to derive gambling frequency subtypes and investigated their theoretical correspondence with the Pathways Model. Our study identified robust support for the common liability hypothesis of gambling, suggesting a shared mechanism for multiple gambling behaviors – including activities controversially defined as “gambling.” Using LCAs, we identified four novel gambling frequency subtypes with analogous behavioral profiles and correlates across samples and some resemblance with the Pathways Model. The subtype with the highest rates of problem gambling had a frequent appetite for particular gambling activities and demonstrated externalizing psychopathology comparable to the “antisocial impulsivist” pathway. Using co-twin control models, we determined that risk-taking, sensation seeking and antisocial personality disorder predicted gambling frequency above and beyond shared genetic and environmental factors. In sum, we illustrated the utility of multi-dimensional statistical techniques for disentangling the structure and typology of different gambling behaviors and discussed our results in context of the psychometric, empirical and theoretical implications.

Chasing the criteria: Comparing SOGS-RA and the Lie/Bet screen to assess prevalence of problem gambling and 'at-risk' gambling among adolescents

2006 ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Rossow ◽  
Helge Molde
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
South Oaks Gambling Screen ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Control Dimension ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Risk Gambling ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Gambling Frequency

Most instruments assessing gambling problems are relatively extensive and therefore not suitable for comprehensive youth surveys. An exception is the two-item Lie/Bet questionnaire. This study addresses to what extent two instruments (Lie/Bet and South Oaks Gambling Screen Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA)) (1) overlap in classifying problem gambling and at-risk gambling, (2) reflect different underlying dimensions of problem gambling, and (3) differ in distinguishing between young gamblers with respect to intensity and frequency of gambling in gender-specific analyses. Data stemmed from a school survey among teenagers in Norway (net sample = 20,700). The congruence in classification of problem gamblers was moderate. Both instruments discriminated sensibly between youths with high versus medium and low gambling frequency and gambling expenditures, although more so for boys than for girls. Both Lie/Bet items loaded on one 'loss of control' dimension. The results suggest that the Lie/Bet screen may be useful to assess at-risk gambling for both genders in comprehensive youth surveys.

scholarly journals Exploring the Relationship Between Body Mass Index, Obesity, and Gambling Level Across Different Gambling Types

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desmond Lam ◽  
Man Mok
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Facteurs De Risque ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Video Poker ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Gambling Activities ◽  
Gambling Frequency

Individuals’ body weight, measured in terms of body mass index (BMI), has been linked to various health issues in the literature. Recently, a positive relationship has been found between obesity and the level of problem gambling. In this exploratory study, we investigate the association between BMI, obesity, and gambling frequency across multiple types of leisure gambling. Data collected by the Pew Research Center among 1,473 gamblers was used to tests the links between BMI and gambling frequency for 16 types of leisure gambling activities. After we accounted for the effects of age, educational level, and family income and corrected for multiple comparisons, the results showed that obese participants (BMI ³ 30) conducted significantly more gambling activities in two types of gambling, namely, playing bingo for money and buying state lottery tickets. Moreover, among female gamblers only, BMI was positively associated with frequency of gambling related to casinos, college basketball, and video poker machines. The findings of this exploratory study allow a better understanding of the potential risk factors of obesity and may be of value to public policy makers.Dans diverses études antérieures, le poids corporel des personnes, mesuré en termes d’indice de masse corporelle (IMC), a été lié à divers problèmes de santé. Récemment, un lien positif a été constaté entre l’obésité et le niveau de jeu compulsif. Dans cette étude exploratoire, nous examinons la relation entre l’indice de masse corporelle, l’obésité et la fréquence du jeu, en nous basant sur divers types de jeux de hasard récréatifs. À l’aide de données recueillies par Pew Research Center auprès de 1 473 joueurs, l’étude sonde les liens entre l’IMC et la fréquence du jeu dans le cas de seize types de jeux récréatifs. Les résultats montrent qu’après avoir tenu compte de l’effet de l’âge, du niveau d’instruction et du revenu familial, ainsi que de la correction de comparaisons multiples, les participants obèses (IMC ≧ 30) ont mené beaucoup plus d’activités de jeu dans deux types de jeux, à savoir le bingo lucratif et l’achat d’une loterie d’État. De plus, seulement chez les joueurs de sexe féminin, l’IMC est positivement associé à la fréquence du jeu dans les cas du casino, du basketball universitaire et de la machine de vidéo poker. Les résultats de cette étude exploratoire nous permettent de mieux comprendre les facteurs de risque éventuels de l’obésité et peuvent être utiles aux décideurs publics.  

scholarly journals Validating the GMQ-F in a Canadian Sample of University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Pchajek ◽  
Jason D Edgerton ◽  
Lance W Roberts
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Aspect Social ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Student Gambling ◽  
Gambling Motivation ◽  
Gambling Frequency ◽  
Initial Results

This study assesses the psychometric properties of the Gambling Motivation Questionnaire for Financial Motivations (GMQ-F) in a Canadian sample of emerging adult university students. Confirmatory factor analysis was first used to test a 16-item GMQ-F for model fit, and then multiple regression analysis was used to test the predictive utility of the four subscales/factors. Results confirmed that the GMQ-F is a valid and reliable measure of university student gambling motivations, in accordance with the four-factor structure proposed by Dechant (2014) despite poor initial results. Regression results were mixed: Three of the four subscales (enhancement, social, and coping) were significant predictors of problem gambling and gambling variety, only the enhancement and coping subscales were significant predictors of gambling frequency, and none of the subscales significantly predicted average monthly expenditure on gambling. The implications of this study support further refinement of the GMQ-F, as differing results from the current study and from prior work on normative samples point to a different reliance on motivational categories or different motivational categories entirely.RésuméCette étude évalue les propriétés psychométriques de l’échelle de motivations financières relatives aux jeux de hasard et d’argent (GMQ-F) auprès d’un échantillon canadien d’étudiants universitaires jeunes adultes. La première analyse factorielle confirmatoire (AFC) a été utilisée pour tester l’ajustement du modèle du GMQ-F à 16 éléments, puis une régression multiple a été utilisée pour tester l’utilité prédictive des quatre sous-échelles/facteurs. Les résultats ont confirmé que le GMQ-F est une mesure valide et fiable des motivations au jeu des étudiants universitaires, suivant la structure à quatre facteurs proposée par Dechant (2014), malgré de faibles résultats initiaux. Les résultats de la régression étaient mitigés : trois des quatre sous-échelles (amélioration, aspect social et adaptation) étaient des prédicteurs significatifs du jeu problématique et de la variété de jeu; tandis que seules l’amélioration et l’adaptation étaient des prédicteurs significatifs de la fréquence du jeu. Aucune des sous-échelles n’a prédit de manière significative les dépenses mensuelles moyennes consacrées aux jeux de hasard. Ce projet a pour effet d’encourager une amélioration du GMQ-F, car la différence des résultats entre l’étude actuelle et des travaux antérieurs sur des échantillons normatifs indique une dépendance différente à l’égard des catégories de motivation, voire différentes catégories de motivation entièrement.

scholarly journals Changes in gambling behaviour and related problems in clients seeking help in outpatient addiction care: Results from a 36-month follow-up study in Bavaria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas M. Bickl ◽  
Larissa Schwarzkopf ◽  
Johanna K. Loy ◽  
Bettina Grüne ◽  
Barbara Braun-Michl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Time Migration ◽  
Electronic Gambling ◽  
Seeking Help ◽  
Addiction Care ◽  
Gambling Frequency

AbstractBackground and aimEvidence on the course of gambling disorder (GD) in clients seeking help from outpatient addiction care facilities is sparse. To close this knowledge gap, this longitudinal one-armed cohort study portrays the development of GD in help-seeking clients over a 3-year timeframe.MethodsWe investigated changes in severity of GD as well as in gambling frequency and intensity in 145 gamblers in outpatient treatment in Bavaria using generalized estimation equations (GEEs). To investigate potentially different trajectories between study participants with and without migration background (MB), additional analyses were applied with time*migration interaction. All analyses were adjusted for age, gender, education, electronic gambling machine (EGM) gambling, MB, GD, related help sought before and treatment status.ResultsWithin the entire study population, improvements in severity of GD (reduction of 39.2%), gambling intensity (reduction of 75.6%) and gambling frequency (reduction of 77.0%) were observed between baseline and 36 months of follow-up. The declines were most pronounced between baseline and follow-up 1 and stabilized thereafter. Participants with MB improved consistently less than participants without MB.Discussion and conclusionOur study suggests that severity of GD and gambling patterns improve in the context of outpatient treatment. The beneficial results furthermore persist for 36 months after treatment termination. As clients with MB seem to profit less than clients without MB, improvements in outpatient gambling services to the specific needs of this clientele are required.

scholarly journals Perceived Gambling Availability and Adolescent Gambling Behavior: the Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Parrado-González ◽  
Fermín Fernández-Calderón ◽  
José C. León-Jariego
Keyword(s):  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Adolescent Gambling ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Gambling Frequency

Abstract Geographic accessibility has been linked to gambling behavior, but little is known about whether the perception of gambling availability in both offline and online venues is prospectively associated with adolescent gambling behavior. Further, relatively few studies have analyzed the interaction between environmental and individual factors in explaining adolescent gambling and problem gambling. This prospective study examined the association between perceived gambling availability, gambling frequency, and problem gambling among 554 adolescents aged 13–17 years (mean = 15.1, female 47.4%) and explored the moderating role of self-efficacy to control gambling in these associations. Participants completed assessments of perceived gambling availability and gambling self-efficacy at baseline. Gambling frequency and problem gambling were measured at follow-up. Two separate hierarchical regression models were applied to analyze the relationship of perceived gambling availability with gambling behavior and the moderating role of gambling self-efficacy. Results showed that a greater perception of gambling availability was associated with a higher gambling frequency and more problem gambling in adolescents. The impact of perceived gambling availability on gambling frequency and problem gambling was lower among participants with moderate gambling self-efficacy in comparison with participants with low gambling self-efficacy. In those adolescents with high self-efficacy to control gambling, perceived gambling availability was not associated either with gambling frequency or problem gambling. These results suggest the usefulness of implementing regulatory policies aimed at reducing gambling availability in adolescents, and the design of preventative interventions aimed at enhancing self-efficacy to control gambling.

Generational comparison among female pathological gamblers

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andria M. Botzet
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Pathological Gamblers ◽  
Treatment Providers ◽  
Problem Gamblers ◽  
Senior Women ◽  
Gambling Frequency

Research in gambling has only briefly examined age differences among problem gamblers, holding an anecdotal view that senior gamblers are more vulnerable to problem gambling. This study examines different generations of female gamblers, including their gambling habits and risk and protective factors. Approximately 450 female gamblers seeking treatment were surveyed and separated into five age groups for analysis. Results indicate that significant generational differences do not exist in areas such as gambling frequency or gambling debt; however, senior female pathological gamblers report starting to gamble at a significantly later age than their younger counterparts. Findings also suggest that senior women have a larger support network for their recovery, in contrast to common belief. Implications from this data may be useful to treatment providers in understanding and utilizing the assets more common to senior female pathological gamblers.

scholarly journals Gambling by Young Adults in the UK During COVID-19 Lockdown

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Emond ◽  
Agnes Nairn ◽  
Sharon Collard ◽  
Linda Hollén
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Online Gambling ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Gambling Activities ◽  
Gambling Frequency

AbstractGambling is a common activity amongst young adults in the UK, and was a behavior of interest during the early mitigation against COVID-19 (first lockdown). The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) was used to investigate attitudes, moods and behavior during lockdown in England. ALSPAC participants were invited to complete online questionnaires in May 2020, including a set of questions about frequency of gambling and gambling activities which had been asked three years previously. Mental health and wellbeing data and alcohol use were also collected as part of lockdown questionnaires. Gambling questions were completed by 2632 young adults, 71% female, with a mean age of 27.8 years. Overall, gambling frequency reduced during lockdown for both males and females, but more males engaged in regular (weekly) gambling. Gambling activities became more restricted compared to previous reports, but online gambling (e.g. online poker, bingo, casino games) was more frequent. Previous gambling behaviour predicted gambling frequency during lockdown. No associations were apparent between gambling frequency and measures of mental health and well-being. Heavy alcohol use was strongly linked with regular gambling during lockdown. Gamblers were more than twice as likely as non-gamblers to have experienced financial difficulties pre-COVID, but gambling frequency was not related to employment status during lockdown. Online gambling increased during lockdown, whilst offline gambling activities decreased in frequency. A small minority of regular weekly gamblers, who tended to be male and heavy users of alcohol, participated in a wide range of online and offline gambling activities.

scholarly journals Joint Effects of Impulsive and Self-Regulatory Process on Gambling Frequency

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Keough ◽  
Roisin M. O’Connor ◽  
Jennifer Swansburg ◽  
Sean P. Barrett ◽  
David C. Hodgins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gambling Behaviour ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Tension Reduction ◽  
Gambling Frequency

Dual process models propose that behaviour is influenced by the interactive effect of impulsive (i.e., automatic or implicit) and self-regulatory (i.e., controlled or explicit) processes. Recently, evidence from the alcohol literature demonstrates that the impulse to engage in risky behaviour is mitigated by a high capacity to self-regulate. The current study aimed to extend this model to behavioural addictions, namely frequent gambling behaviour. It was hypothesized that impulsive processes favouring gambling (positive implicit gambling cognition) would predict frequent gambling, but only if the capacity to self-regulate was low. A treatment-seeking sample of 57 adults with problem gambling (Mage = 45.20 years, 54% men) completed two Single Category Implicit Association Tests, one reflecting tension-reduction, and the other enhancement, implicit gambling cognition. Participants also completed self-report measures of past week gambling frequency and the Gambling Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale, which provided a measure of the self-regulatory capacity to abstain from gambling when emotionally aroused. Controlling for age and gender, consistent with hypotheses, implicit tension reduction gambling cognition positively predicted gambling frequency at low (p = .046) but not at high (p =.191) self-efficacy for gambling abstinence when feeling emotionally bad. However, self-efficacy for gambling abstinence when feeling emotionally good was not supported as a moderator of the effect of implicit enhancement gambling cognition on gambling frequency. Results suggest that the cognitions inherent in the impulsive process leading to frequent gambling are tension reduction or escape-related. Furthermore, emotionally relevant nuances to the ability to self-regulate gambling do exist; these nuances may contribute to both risk model specificity and interventions.RésuméLes modèles à doubles processus indiquent que le comportement est influencé par l’effet interactif de processus impulsifs (c’est-à-dire, automatiques ou implicites) et autorégulateurs (c’est-à-dire contrôlés ou explicites). Récemment, des preuves tirées de la littérature sur l’alcool démontrent que l’impulsion à s’engager dans des comportements à risque est contrebalancée par une forte capacité d’autorégulation. La présente étude visait à étendre ce modèle aux dépendances comportementales, à savoir le comportement de jeu fréquent. On a émis l’hypothèse que des processus impulsifs favorisant le jeu (cognition de jeu implicite positive) pourraient laisser présager un jeu fréquent, mais seulement si la capacité d’autorégulation était faible. Un échantillon de 57 adultes aux prises avec problème de jeu compulsif (moyenne = 45,20 ans, 54 % d’hommes) a effectué deux tests d’association implicites à catégorie unique, l’un reflétant la réduction de tension et l’autre, la cognition de jeu implicite. Les participants ont également rempli des une auto-évaluation de la fréquence de jeu de la semaine qui précédait et l’échelle d’auto-évaluation de l’abstinence (Gambling Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale), qui mesure la capacité de s’abstenir de jouer lorsque l’émotion est forte. En contrôlant l’âge et le sexe, et à la lumière des hypothèses, la cognition de jeu implicite prédit positivement une faible auto-efficacité liée à la fréquence de jeu (p = 0,046) et non pas une haute auto-efficacité (p = 0,191) pour ce qui est de l’abstinence au jeu en situation d’émotion négative. Cependant, l’auto-régulation pour s’abstenir de jouer lorsqu’on se sent émotionnellement bien n’était pas considérée comme un modérateur de l’effet de la cognition de jeu implicite sur la fréquence de jeu. Les résultats suggèrent que les cognitions inhérentes au processus impulsif conduisant à un jeu fréquent sont la réduction de tension ou l’évasion. De plus, il existe des nuances pertinentes sur le plan émotionnel à la capacité d’auto-réglementer le jeu; celles-ci peuvent contribuer à la fois à la spécificité du modèle de risque et aux interventions.

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