The Complex Action Criterion for Consciousness

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Foley
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
I. A. Palagina

Succinate containing compounds possess many types of biological activity and are used for the development of drugs with the target and complex action. This paper is devoted to some aspects of the mechanism of succinamides’ action in a dose of 100 mg/kg. We studied the influence of the compound with antidiabetic properties, -phenylethylamide of 2-oxysuccinanyl acid ( -PhEA-OSAA), and its metabolites such as 2-hydroxyphenylsuccinamide (2-HPhSA) and β-phenylethylsuccinamide ( -PhESA) on the marker indicators of energetic metabolism (EM), antioxidant system (AOS) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolism in subacute experiment on rats. Studies have shown that the action of -FEA-OSAKA on metabolic homeostasis is realized through stimulation of EM, reduction of intensity of NO-synthase metabolism and weakening of the AOS. The nature of the action of -FES and 2-GFS, taking into account the indicators of the state of homeostasis, largely coincides with β-FEA-OSAKA. It was found that the key links in the mechanism of toxic action of succinamides are the effect on antioxidant potential, NO metabolism and energy processes.


Topoi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith H. Martens

AbstractDichotomous thinking about mental phenomena is abundant in philosophy. One particularly tenacious dichotomy is between “automatic” and “controlled” processes. In this characterization automatic and unintelligent go hand in hand, as do non-automatic and intelligent. Accounts of skillful action have problematized this dichotomous conceptualization and moved towards a more nuanced understanding of human agency. This binary thinking is, however, still abundant in the philosophy of joint action. Habits and skills allow us agentic ways of guiding complex action routines that would otherwise overwhelm our reflective capacities. In this paper, I look at how theories of skill, habit, and know-how in individual action can inform a non-dichotomous account of joint action. I argue that a fuller understanding of joint agency has to understand not only group know-how, but also the role of attention and the highly integrated types of control that allow agents to act together.


2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-757
Author(s):  
Bingkun Gao ◽  
Yunze Bi ◽  
Hongbo Bi ◽  
Le Dong

Author(s):  
Maureen J. Murray ◽  
Thomas R. Canfield

Abstract The flexible link and sprocket system of a tracked vehicle was modeled as part of a supercomputing pilot project on a Cray X-MP supercomputer. This computer simulation model utilizes the ADAMS 3-dimensional rigid body dynamics code. Using this ADAMS model of the track system, engineers can simulate the complex action of this three dimensional mechanism, and, through the use of graphics, can illustrate the behavior of the interaction of the components in this track system.


Author(s):  
O. P. Kostirenko ◽  
◽  
I. Yu. Popovych ◽  
A. V. Marchenko ◽  
I. Yu. Lytovchenko ◽  
...  

he modern interpretation of the principles of therapy of periodontal pathology brings individualized treatment of patients to the first place. The basic principle of local therapy of periodontal diseases, in our opinion, is drug therapeutic treatment. The success of the treatment of periodontal diseases, the duration of remission and the prevention of complications largely depends on the quality of the impact on the oral cavity microflora. Recently, antiseptics of complex action have been successfully used. One of the representatives of the group of antiseptics is the drug «Citeal», which contains active substances: hexamidine, chorhexidine, chlorcresol. The purpose of the work is to increase the effectiveness of treatment of patients with periodontal pathology due to the use of three-component antiseptic agent of complex action — «Citeal». The results of a comprehensive examination of patients after the end of treatment show an improvement in oral hygiene, a decrease in the PMA index in comparison with the data before treatment. The Schiller-Pisarev test also became negative after the treatment. It is recommended to carry out professional hygiene with the use of antiseptic solution «Citeal» in a 1:10 dilution in the form of application to the marginal and alveolar part of the gums and irrigation of periodontal pockets, followed by mandatory rinsing of the mouth with water to remove residues. It was found that an individualized and differentiated approach to the treatment of patients with various forms of gingivitis and generalized periodontitis, who have orthopedic structures, prevents exacerbation of the disease during the year.


2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 758-764
Author(s):  
M.Yu. Karelina ◽  
S.M. Gaidar ◽  
D.I. Petrovskiy

The purpose of the work was to identify and analyze the causes of corrosion destruction of metal products, used in conditions of animal keeping on farms of the agro-industrial complex, and to find effective methods of combating it. In order to increase corrosion resistance of metal products of livestock farms and complexes, it is proposed to use the developed preparation, which has fungicidal and anticorrosive properties simultaneously. The rate of metal products corrosion during the experiment was evaluated by the museum strain of Aspergillus niger fungi. The article describes the causes of fungal corrosion, the principle of its effect on metals; proposes an inhibitor of complex action for the control of electrochemical and bio-corrosion. The protection efficiency of metal products by the inhibitor was evaluated by the corrosion braking coefficient and the degree of protection. The effect of inhibitor concentration on the rate of low carbon steel bio-corrosion has been studied. It has been proven that the rate of corrosion processes decreased by 50 times, when exposed to a medium, contaminated with fungus spores, on metal samples treated with an inhibitor.


1946 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. V. Osterhout

The experiments indicate that the protoplasm of Nitella consists of an aqueous layer W with an outer non-aqueous surface layer X and an inner non-aqueous surface layer Y. The potential at Y is measured by the magnitude of the action curve and the potential at X by the distance from the top of the action curve to the zero line. These potentials appear to be due chiefly to diffusion potentials caused by the activity gradients of KCl across the non-aqueous layers X and Y. The relative mobilities of K+ and Cl- in X and in Y can be computed and an estimate of the activity of KCl in W can be made. In the complete resting state the mobilities of K+ and Cl- in X are not very different from those in Y. The action curve is due to changes in Y which suddenly becomes very permeable, allowing potassium to move from the sap across Y into W, and thus losing its potential. A gradual loss may be due to changes in ionic mobility in Y. When recovery is incomplete and Y has not yet regained its normal potential a stimulus may cause a loss of the potential at Y giving an action curve of small magnitude. The magnitude may vary in successive action curves giving what is called a complex pattern in contrast to the simple pattern observed when recovery is complete and all the action curves are alike. Complex patterns occur chiefly in cells treated with reagents. Untreated cells usually give simple patterns. A variety of complex action patterns is discussed. It is evident that the cells of Nitella show much more variation than such highly specialized cells as muscle and nerve which give stereotyped responses. In some cases it may be doubtful whether the all-or-none law holds.


Aviation ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Trifonov-Bogdanov ◽  
Leonid Vinogradov ◽  
Vladimir Shestakov

During an operational process, activity is implemented through an ordered sequence of certain actions united by a common motive. Actions can be simple or complex. Simple actions cannot be split into elements having independent objectives. Complex actions can be presented in the form of a set of simple actions. If the logical organisation of this set is open, a complex action can be described as an algorithm consisting of simple actions. That means various kinds of operational activities develop from the same simple and typical actions, but in various sequences. Therefore, human error is always generated by a more elementary error of action. Thus, errors of action are the primary parameter that is universal for any kind of activity of an aviation specialist and can serve as a measure for estimating the negative influence of the human factor (HF) on flight safety. Aviation personnel are various groups of experts having various specialisations and working in various areas of civil aviation. It is obvious that their influence on conditions is also unequal and is defined by their degree of interaction with the performance of flights. In this article, the results of an analysis of air incidents will be presented.


2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle M. McCarthy ◽  
George T. Chiampas ◽  
Sanjeev Malik ◽  
Kendra Cole ◽  
Patricia Lindeman ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTDisaster response requires rapid, complex action by multiple agencies that may rarely interact during nondisaster periods. Failures in communication and coordination between agencies have been pitfalls in the advancement of disaster preparedness. Recommendations of the Federal Emergency Management Agency address these needs and demonstrate commitment to successful disaster management, but they are challenging for communities to ensure. In this article we describe the application of Federal Emergency Management Agency guidelines to the 2008 and 2009 Chicago Marathon and discuss the details of our implementation strategy with a focus on optimizing communication. We believe that it is possible to enhance community disaster preparedness through practical application during mass sporting events.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:310–315)


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