Particularly Exciting Experiments in Psychology: Western Diets Influence Behavior via the Hippocampus

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Influence Behavior

Libertarian Paternalism, Manipulation, and the Shaping of Preferences

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Libertarian Paternalism ◽  
Cass Sunstein ◽  
Influence Behavior

This chapter considers libertarian paternalism, or “nudging,” as championed by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. It focuses especially on the objection that such intervention is wrongly manipulative. The chapter begins by arguing that the charge of manipulation is most likely to be made against preference-shaping paternalism, which aims to influence behavior by operating on a person’s desires from the inside. It then argues that manipulation typically involves one person’s affecting another person’s deliberation for the worse: the victim of manipulation is typically led to act on bad reasons or ignore or downplay relevant considerations. This rough account of manipulation, it is argued, vindicates most of the preference-shaping strategies favored by Thaler and Sunstein. The chapter concludes by examining more problematic means of influence, such as subliminal messaging, and argues that they do not pose any distinctive threat to a pro-paternalist view.

Integrating Mechanisms and Functions to Understand Behavior

2019 ◽  
pp. xiv-9
Author(s):  
Lisa L. M. Welling ◽  
Todd K. Shackelford
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Psychology ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Affective Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Endocrinology ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Influence Behavior ◽  
Evolutionary Perspectives

Evolutionary psychology and behavioral endocrinology provide complementary perspectives on interpreting human behavior and psychology. Hormones can function as underlying mechanisms that influence behavior in functional ways. Understanding these proximate mechanisms can inform ultimate explanations of human psychology. This chapter introduces this edited volume by first discussing evolutionary perspectives in behavioral endocrinology. It then briefly addresses three broad topic areas of behavioral endocrinology: (1) development and survival, (2) reproductive behavior, and (3) social and affective behavior. It provides examples of research within each of these areas and describes potential adaptations. The chapter concludes with a discussion on the importance of integrating mechanisms with function when investigating human behavior and psychology.

A Field Study of Two Measures of Work Motivation for Predicting Leader's Transformational Behaviors

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 295-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Barbuto ◽  
Susan M. Fritz ◽  
David Marx
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire ◽  
Job Choice ◽  
Idealized Influence ◽  
Multifactor Leadership ◽  
Inspirational Motivation ◽  
Choice Decision ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Influence Behavior

Relationships between motivation and transformational leadership were examined in this study. 56 leaders and 234 followers from a variety of organizations were sampled. Leaders were administered the Motivation Sources Inventory and the Job Choice Decision-making Exercise, while followers reported leaders' behaviors using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ–rater version). Scores on the Motivation Sources Inventory subscales subsequently correlated with the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire subscales of inspirational motivation, idealized influence (behavior), and individualized consideration (range, r = .13 to .23). There were no significant correlations among any of the Job Choice Decision-making Exercise subscales with any of the variables measured.

scholarly journals Mood Disorder Susceptibility Gene CACNA1C Modifies Mood-Related Behaviors in Mice and Interacts with Sex to Influence Behavior in Mice and Diagnosis in Humans

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 801-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Dao ◽  
Pamela Belmonte Mahon ◽  
Xiang Cai ◽  
Colleen E. Kovacsics ◽  
Robert A. Blackwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mood Disorder ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Influence Behavior

Fear & anxiety in the time of COVID-19: How they influence behavior

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
Christina K. Zigler ◽  
Nicole Lucas ◽  
Debra M. Henke ◽  
Ilona Fridman
Keyword(s):  
Influence Behavior

scholarly journals At the Heart of Trauma-Informed Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Marguerite Cooper Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Health ◽  
Engagement In Care ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Health Care Environment ◽  
Care Environment ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
Influence Behavior

“Trauma-informed care” provides a framework to guide clinicians in responding to the epidemic of trauma. Yet few clinicians feel comfortable defining trauma-informed care or describing how it translates into practice. This reflective piece suggests four dimensions of trauma-informed care: 1) Awareness of the prevalence of trauma and its long-term effects on physical and emotional health to every encounter; 2) attitudes that recognize resilience and take into account how trauma may influence behavior and engagement in care; 3) an approach to care that prioritizes safety, choice and collaboration while working to build trust; and 4) education regarding trauma’s effects, and connection to resources to support healing. These dimensions seek to clarify the provider’s role in creating a trauma-informed health care environment and stimulate reflection on how best to serve patients affected by trauma.

scholarly journals Parallel representation of context and multiple context-dependent values in ventro-medial prefrontal cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nir Moneta ◽  
Mona M. Garvert ◽  
Hauke R. Heekeren ◽  
Nicolas W Schuck
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Competing Values ◽  
Task Goal ◽  
Neural Representations ◽  
Multiple Context ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Current Task ◽  
Goal Directed Behavior ◽  
Multiple Task ◽  
Influence Behavior

Value representations in ventromedial prefrontal-cortex (vmPFC) are known to guide decisions. But how preferable available options are depends on one's current task. Goal-directed behavior, which involves changing between different task-contexts, therefore requires to know how valuable the same options will be in different contexts. We tested whether multiple task-dependent values influence behavior and asked if they are integrated into a single value representation or are co-represented in parallel within vmPFC signals. Thirty five participants alternated between tasks in which stimulus color or motion predicted rewards. Our results provide behavioral and neural evidence for co-activation of both contextually-relevant and -irrelevant values, and suggest a link between multivariate neural representations and the influence of the irrelevant context and its associated value on behavior. Importantly, current task context could be decoded from the same region, and better context-decodability was associated with stronger (relevant-)value representations. Evidence for choice conflicts was found only in the motor cortex, where the competing values are likely resolved into action.

scholarly journals Social dominance mediates behavioral adaptation to chronic stress in a sex-specific manner

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stoyo Karamihalev ◽  
Elena Brivio ◽  
Cornelia Flachskamm ◽  
Rainer Stoffel ◽  
Mathias V Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Social Dominance ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Social Hierarchy ◽  
Behavioral Adaptation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Behavioral Monitoring ◽  
Influence Behavior

Sex differences and social context independently contribute to the development of stress-related disorders. However, less is known about how their interplay might influence behavior and physiology. Here we focused on social hierarchy status, a major component of the social environment in mice, and whether it influences behavioral adaptation to chronic stress in a sex-specific manner. We used a high-throughput automated behavioral monitoring system to assess social dominance in same-sex, group-living mice. We found that position in the social hierarchy at baseline was a significant predictor of multiple behavioral outcomes following exposure to chronic stress. Crucially, this association carried opposite consequences for the two sexes. This work demonstrates the importance of recognizing the interplay between sex and social factors and enhances our understating of how individual differences shape the stress response.

scholarly journals A Review on Fear Appeals in Social Marketing: Setting Future Research Agenda

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (IV) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Farooq Ahmad ◽  
Syed Ali Raza Hamid ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz Qaisar
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Marketing ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Fear Appeals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Marketing Communication ◽  
Future Research Agenda ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Influence Behavior

In marketing as well as in social marketing communication, fear appeals have been used as persuasive tools to influence behavior change and have extensively been used for various behavioral change programs. A comprehensive literature review was conducted related to fear appeals in the domain of social marketing from scientific journals of repute. Such type of systematic literature review on fear appeals in social marketing has not been extensively conducted to set future research to set agenda for bringing sustained behavior changes. Although fear appeals have influenced behavior changes, they were not being proved effective for a longer period. The group centered approaches using the group as a unit of analysis has shown better results as compared to one-way communication based on emotional fear appeals. This research paper sets an agenda for future research using group centered and participatory paradigm to make fear appeals more effective in the long run.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Influence of Brand Image and Brand Trust on Purchasing Decisions through Brand Loyalty (Study on Lapis Kukus Pahlawan Bread)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Bambang Raditya Purnomo ◽  
Indrarini Oetoro Dg
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Brand Image ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Important Position ◽  
Influence Behavior

Competition between the food and beverage industry, especially local souvenirs, is a challenge for every business actor to be able to maintain and develop his business. Repurchase decision is the stage where consumers form the intention to buy the most preferred product, where the consumer's decision to modify, delay or avoid is strongly influenced by the perceived purchase risk (Kotler and Keller, 2012: 188).Brand image can influence consumer behavior in buying a product. Brand image has an important position in buying behavior. Because one of the decisions in the purchase structure is a decision regarding the brand. Trust involves a person's willingness to behave in a certain way because of the belief that his partner will give what he hopes and a hope that is generally owned by someone that the words, promises or statements of others can be trusted (Daryanto, 2013: 279).Brand trust is one's belief in certain values that will influence behavior (Peter and Olson, 2013: 136). Brand loyalty reflects brand loyalty to certain brands. Brand loyalty is a condition where consumers have a positive attitude towards the brand, have a commitment to the brand, and have a tendency to continue their purchases in the future.Along with the development of the bread industry in Indonesia, there are also more players in the bread business so that competition in this market is getting tougher. The tight competition in the bread business can be seen from a number of bread business players in Indonesia, including bread with the brand Sari Roti, Lauw, Sharon, BreadTalk, Holland Bakery, and many more including the Lapis Kukus Pahlawan Bread. This study aims to analyze the effect of brand image and brand trust on purchasing decisions of the Lapis Kukus Pahlawan bread through brand loyalty.

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