The Stroop Gradient Effect: The Decline of Inhibition

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia L. Dulaney ◽  
William Marks
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Effect

scholarly journals The Gradient Effect on the Relationship between the Underlying Factor and Land Surface Temperature in Large Urbanized Region

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Yixu Wang ◽  
Mingxue Xu ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Dongchuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Spatial Gradient ◽  
Gradient Effect

Although research relating to the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon has been significantly increasing in recent years, there is still a lack of a continuous and clear recognition of the potential gradient effect on the UHI—landscape relationship within large urbanized regions. In this study, we chose the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region, which is a large scaled urban agglomeration in China, as the case study area. We examined the causal relationship between the LST variation and underlying surface characteristics using multi-temporal land cover and summer average land surface temperature (LST) data as the analyzed variables. This study then further discussed the modeling performance when quantifying their relationship from a spatial gradient perspective (the grid size ranged from 6 to 24 km), by comparing the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) methods. The results indicate that: (1) both the OLS and GWR analysis confirmed that the composition of built-up land contributes as an essential factor that is responsible for the UHI phenomenon in a large urban agglomeration region; (2) for the OLS, the modeled relationship between the LST and its drive factor showed a significant spatial gradient effect, changing with different spatial analysis grids; and, (3) in contrast, using the GWR model revealed a considerably robust and better performance for accommodating the spatial non-stationarity with a lower scale dependence than that of the OLS model. This study highlights the significant spatial heterogeneity that is related to the UHI effect in large-extent urban agglomeration areas, and it suggests that the potential gradient effect and uncertainty induced by different spatial scale and methodology usage should be considered when modeling the UHI effect with urbanization. This would supplement current UHI study and be beneficial for deepening the cognition and enlightenment of landscape planning for UHI regulation.

scholarly journals Effect of Patient-Specific Preanalytic Variables on CSF Aβ1–42 Concentrations Measured on an Automated Chemiluminescent Platform

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline A Darrow ◽  
Amanda Calabro ◽  
Sara Gannon ◽  
Amanze Orusakwe ◽  
Rianne Esquivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Csf Biomarkers ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
Β Amyloid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gradient Effects

Abstract Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are increasingly used to confirm the accuracy of a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment or dementia due to Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent evidence suggests that fully automated assays reduce the impact of some preanalytical factors on the variability of these measures. This study evaluated the effect of several preanalytical variables common in clinical settings on the variability of CSF β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ1–42) concentrations. Methods Aβ1–42 concentrations were measured using the LUMIPULSE G1200 from both freshly collected and frozen CSF samples. Preanalytic variables examined were: (1) patient fasting prior to CSF collection, (2) blood contamination of specimens, and (3) aliquoting specimens sequentially over the course of collection (i.e., CSF gradients). Results Patient fasting did not significantly affect CSF Aβ1–42 levels. While assessing gradient effects, Aβ1–42 concentrations remained stable within the first 5 1-mL aliquots. However, there is evidence of a gradient effect toward higher concentrations over successive aliquots. Aβ1–42 levels were stable when fresh CSF samples were spiked with up to 2.5% of blood. However, in frozen CSF samples, even 0.25% blood contamination significantly decreased Aβ1–42 concentrations. Conclusions The preanalytical variables examined here do not have significant effects on Aβ1–42 concentrations if fresh samples are processed within 2 h. However, a gradient effect can be observed on Aβ1–42 concentrations after the first 5 mL of collection and blood contamination has a significant impact on Aβ1–42 concentrations once specimens have been frozen.

VARIATIONAL MULTISCALE ANALYSIS OF SOLIDS WITH STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTIC EFFECTS USING MESHFREE APPROXIMATION

2005 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 601-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEOUNG-HEUM YEON ◽  
SUNG-KIE YOUN
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gradient ◽  
Partition Of Unity ◽  
Meshfree Method ◽  
Internal Variable ◽  
Plasticity Theory ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
Meshfree Approximation ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
Classical Plasticity ◽  
Variational Form

A meshfree multiscale method is presented for efficient analysis of solids with strain gradient plastic effects. In the analysis of strain gradient plastic solids, localization due to increased hardening of strain gradient effect appears. Chen-Wang theory is adopted, as a strain gradient plasticity theory. It represents strain gradient effects as an internal variable and retains the essential structure of classical plasticity theory. In this work, the scale decomposition is carried out based on variational form of the problem. Coarse scale is designed to represent global behavior and fine scale to represent local behavior and gradient effect by using the intrinsic length scale. From the detection of high strain gradient region, fine scale region is adopted. Each scale variable is approximated using meshfree method. Meshfree approximation is well suited for adaptivity. As a method of increasing resolution, partition of unity based extrinsic enrichment is used. Each scale problem is solved iteratively. The proposed method is applied to bending of a thin beam and bimaterial shear layer and micro-indentation problems. Size effects can be effectively captured in the results of the analysis.

The study of gravity gradient effect on attitude of low earth orbit satellite

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Hazadura Hamzah ◽  
Sazali Yaacob ◽  
Hariharan Muthusamy ◽  
Norhizam Hamzah ◽  
Najah Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Gravity Gradient ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
Orbit Satellite ◽  
Low Earth Orbit Satellite

Gradient of Soil Constitutive Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1126-1129
Author(s):  
Wen Xu Ma ◽  
Ying Guang Fang
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Strain ◽  
Strain Gradient ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Flow Rule ◽  
The Finite Element Method ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Associated Flow Rule ◽  
Plastic Strain Gradient

For the soil is a very complex natural material, significant strain gradient effect exist in soil analysis. Based on the "gradient" phenomenon, we add the plastic strain gradient hardening item into the traditional Cambridge yield surface. By using the consistency conditions and associated flow rule, we get the explicit expression of plastic strain gradient stiffness matrix. And the finite element method of plastic strain gradient is also shown in this article. Plastic strain gradient is actually a phenomenological non-local model containing microstructure information of the material. It may overcome the difficulties in simulating the gradient phenomenon by traditional mechanical model.

A Theoretical Study of the Temperature Gradient Effect on the Soret Coefficient in n-Pentane/n-Decane Mixtures Using Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-332
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
Ruquan Liang ◽  
Yong Wang ◽  
Ziqi Xia ◽  
Lichun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Thermal Gradient ◽  
Linear Response ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Soret Coefficient ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
Non Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractThe effect of the temperature gradient on the Soret coefficient in n-pentane/n-decane (n-C5/n-C10) mixtures was investigated using non-equilibrium molecular dynamics (NEMD) with the heat exchange (eHEX) algorithm. n-Pentane/n-decane mixtures with three different compositions (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mole fractions, respectively) and the TraPPE-UA force field were used in computing the Soret coefficient ({S_{T}}) at 300 K and 1 atm. Added/removed heat quantities (ΔQ) of 0.002, 0.004, 0.006, 0.008, and 0.01 kcal/mol were employed in eHEX processes in order to study the effect of different thermal gradients on the Soret coefficient. Moreover, a phenomenological description was applied to discuss the mechanism of this effect. Present results show that the Soret coefficient values firstly fluctuate violently and then become increasingly stable with increasing ΔQ (especially in the mixture with a mole fraction of 0.75), which means that ΔQ has a smaller effect on the Soret coefficient when the temperature gradient is higher than a certain thermal gradient. Thus, a high temperature gradient is recommended for calculating the Soret coefficient under the conditions that a linear response and constant phase are ensured in the system. In addition, the simulated Soret coefficient obtained at the highest ΔQ within three different compositions is in great agreement with experimental data.

Influence of the parameters of the gradient impact of a constant magnetic field on the intensification of the tobacco wilting process

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.И. Виневский ◽  
А.В. Чернов
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Constant Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Linear Gradient ◽  
Tobacco Leaves ◽  
Tobacco Leaf ◽  
Gradient Effect ◽  
The Impact

Исследовано влияние параметров градиентного воздействия постоянного магнитного поля (ПМП) на интенсификацию процесса томления табачных листьев. Выдвинута рабочая гипотеза о том, что для стимулирования процесса томления листьев табака необходимо градиентное воздействие на них ПМП, возникающее в результате перемещения листьев относительно системы постоянных магнитов. Введено понятие приведенного коэффициента убыли влаги, равное отношению влажности обработанных листьев к влажности контрольных образцов – необработанных листьев. Установлено, что при использовании точечного градиентного воздействия ПМП на среднюю жилку табачных листьев частотой 0,3 Гц и продолжительности обработки в течение 115–125 с при высоте расположения магнитов 25 мм процесс томления листьев ускоряется на 28,8% в сравнении с контролем. При линейном градиентном воздействии ПМП на табачный лист с частотой 0,3 Гц процесс томления ускоряется на 4,7–15,5% в зависимости от продолжительности обработки (10–40 с). При увеличении продолжительности обработки до 80 с процесс томления листьев табака замедлился. Установлено максимальное ускорение процесса томления листьев табака: при точечном градиентном воздействии ПМП на среднюю жилку табачного листа частотой 0,3 Гц и продолжительности обработки в течение 115–125 с; при линейном градиентном воздействии ПМП на табачный лист частотой 0,3 Гц и продолжительности обработки в течение 55–65 с. The influence of the parameters of the gradient effect of a constant magnetic field (CMF) on the intensification of the process of languishing tobacco leaves is studied. A working hypothesis is put forward that to stimulate the process of tobacco languor, it is necessary to have a gradient effect on them of CMF, which occurs as a result of the movement of leaves relative to the system of permanent magnets. The concept of the reduced coefficient of moisture loss is introduced, which is equal to the ratio of the humidity of treated leaves to the humidity of control samples-untreated leaves. It was found that when using a point gradient effect of CMF on the middle vein of tobacco leaves with a frequency of 0,3 Hz and a duration of processing for 115–125 s at the height of the magnets of 25 mm, the process of leaf languor is accelerated by 28,8% in comparison with the control. When the linear gradient effect of CMF on the tobacco leaf with a frequency of 0,3 Hz, the languor process is accelerated by 4,7–15,5%, depending on the duration of treatment (10–40 s). In the future, with an increase in the processing time to 80 s, the process of languishing tobacco leaves slowed down. The maximum acceleration of the process of languishing tobacco leaves is established: for spot gradient effect of CMF on the mid-veins of tobacco leaf frequency of 0,3 Hz and duration of treatment for 115–125 s; a linear gradient in the impact of CMF on the tobacco sheet with a treatment frequency of 0,3 Hz and duration of treatment for 55–65 s.

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