Interaction with families and communities who have missing and deceased people following mass disasters

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Mass Disasters ◽  
Deceased People

A Multidimensional Theory of Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 416-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
Gudrun Dieserud ◽  
Susanne Wenckstern ◽  
Kari Dyregrov ◽  
David Lester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidimensional Model ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Suicide Survivors ◽  
Background Theory ◽  
Independent Verification ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Interjudge Reliability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Deceased People

Abstract. Background: Theory is the foundation of science; this is true in suicidology. Over decades of studies of suicide notes, Leenaars developed a multidimensional model of suicide, with international (crosscultural) studies and independent verification. Aim: To corroborate Leenaars's theory with a psychological autopsy (PA) study, examining age and sex of the decedent, and survivor's relationship to deceased. Method: A PA study in Norway, with 120 survivors/informants was undertaken. Leenaars' theoretical–conceptual (protocol) analysis was undertaken of the survivors' narratives and in-depth interviews combined. Results: Substantial interjudge reliability was noted (κ = .632). Overall, there was considerable confirmatory evidence of Leenaars's intrapsychic and interpersonal factors in suicide survivors' narratives. Differences were found in the age of the decedent, but not in sex, nor in the survivor's closeness of the relationship. Older deceased people were perceived to exhibit more heightened unbearable intrapsychic pain, associated with the suicide. Conclusion: Leenaars's theory has corroborative verification, through the decedents' suicide notes and the survivors' narratives. However, the multidimensional model needs further testing to develop a better evidence-based way of understanding suicide.

scholarly journals Communication surrounding initiation and withdrawal of non-invasive ventilation in adults with Motor Neuron(e) Disease: clinicians’ and family members’ perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 205343452110101
Author(s):  
Charlotte Chapman ◽  
Sara Bayes ◽  
Moira Sim
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Interpretive Description ◽  
Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Percutaneous Gastrostomy ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Invasive Ventilation ◽  
Percutaneous Gastrostomy Tube ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Deceased People

Introduction International guidelines recommend that health care clinicians communicate with people with MND and their family members about non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and percutaneous gastrostomy tube (PEG) prior to or at the onset of respiratory symptoms. This study sought to discover the degree to which these recommendations are followed in practice. Methods Interpretive Description methodology was employed. Nineteen clinicians experienced in caring for people with MND, six relatives of recently deceased people with MND and one person with MND participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews. Clinicians’ accounts of NIV and PEG related communications were compared to family member participants’ recollections of their own discussions with clinicians. Data were analysed thematically. Results Six major themes emerged that together capture the factors that impact practitioner-patient-family communications about NIV and PEG. Some clinicians were unaware of MND guidelines particularly communicating the burdens or possible withdrawal of NIV or found them challenging to implement. Consequently, family participants reported that they and their relatives with MND found clinicians’ communication on these topics inadequate. This led to them ‘topping up’ their knowledge from less authoritative sources, predominantly the internet. Discussion Clinicians’ lack of awareness of the international guidelines and discomfort about discussing the benefits and burdens of NIV and PEGs means some people with MND and their families may be unprepared for the consequences of using and ceasing NIV.

Resuscitation Potentials in Mass Disasters

1986 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 34-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Safar
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Emergency Medical Services ◽  
Medical System ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Nuclear Accidents ◽  
Industrial Accidents ◽  
Emergency Medical ◽  
Mass Disasters ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
National Disaster

Mass disastersare events which overwhelm, damage or destroy local Emergency Medical Services (EMS) systems, and therefore need the response of a State or National Disaster Medical System (NDMS). Natural mass disasters include major earthquakes, floods, hurricanes and fires. Manmade mass disasters include major fires, industrial accidents, wars, and nuclear accidents. Mass disasters must be distinguished from “multicasualty incidents” (MCI), such as major transportation accidents, which the local EMS system should be able to handle, if necessary, with the assistance of surrounding (regional) EMS systems. Endemic-epidemic disasters (e.g., droughts, famines, infectious diseases, and refugee problems) are catastrophes which deserve separate considerations, as they require ongoing political-economic solutions.

Playing through the Apocalypse: Preparing Children for Mass Disasters in Japan and Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-259
Author(s):  
Chika Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Nonprofit Organization ◽  
The State ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Mass Disasters ◽  
As If

Abstract There is a growing trend to prepare children for future disasters. A Japanese nonprofit organization has developed an event called Iza! Kaeru Caravan, which includes games that teach children and their families how to survive disasters, from earthquakes to floods. Many disaster experts and government officials from other countries have now implemented the Caravan in their own contexts. Based on ethnographic research in Japan and Chile, this article shows how playful methods in disaster preparedness orient children, and by proxy their families, to accept an apocalyptic future, helping the neoliberal state buy time. Advocates of disaster preparedness in Japan and Chile accept that state actors will not come immediately to the rescue. Playful methods mobilize children and their families to take responsibility for their own survival through the subjunctive work of the “as if.” Ambiguously positioned between fun and education, playful methods of preparedness command attention from children and adults—what I call “attentive play”—as they frame and reframe the games to figure out, “Is this play?” Ultimately, the article shows that attentive play buys time for the state to temporarily defer its responsibilities to citizens, but the ambiguity of play can also exceed its ideological effects.

scholarly journals Profanación, exhumación y violación de los enterramientos: arqueología penal de su regulación en el siglo XIX

2021 ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
David Castro Liñares
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Deceased People

Este trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar el tratamiento penal que durante el siglo XIX se dispensó a los actos indebidos para con el cuerpo y memoria de las personas fallecidas. Para ello, este texto se inicia con un recorrido normativo por los Códigos Penales españoles del siglo XIX (1822-1848-1850-1870) con el propósito de analizar la forma en que el Legislador penal fue incorporando esta cuestión en los distintos textos normativos. A continuación, y como forma de continuar este análisis, se estima adecuado detenerse en las razones político criminales subyacentes a la tipificación de estas conductas. De esta forma, se intenta realizar una aproximación a las lógicas punitivas decimonónicas inherentes a una esfera tan particular como el castigo penal a los actos irrespetuosos para con los difuntos. Por último, se incorpora un apartado conclusivo en el que abordar algunas ideas que, por razón de estructura narrativa no encontraban un acomodo idóneo en otras partes del texto pero que igualmente resultan de importancia para esta propuesta de análisis político-criminal histórico.This work aims to analyse the criminal law treatment that during the 19th century is dispensed to wrongdoing with the body and memory of deceased people. For that purpose, this text begins with a normative view of the Spanish Criminal Codes of the 19th century (1822-1848-1850-1870) in order to investigate how the Criminal Legislator incorporated this issue into the various normative texts. Hereunder, as a way to continue this analysis, it is considered appropriate to dwell on the criminal political reasons typification of these conducts. In this way, an attempt is made to approximate the decimonic punitive logics inherent in an area as particular as criminal punishment to disrespectful acts with the deceased. Finally, a concluding section is incorporated in order to address some ideas that, by reasons of narrative structure, did not find an appropriate accommodation in other parts of the text but which are also relevant for this proposal of historical political-criminal analysis. 

scholarly journals MANDIBULAR CANINE INDEX (MCI)

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (03) ◽  
pp. 459-463
Author(s):  
IRFAN AHMED MUGHAL ◽  
ANWAR SAOOD SAQIB ◽  
FARIDA MANZUR
Keyword(s):  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Dental Evidence ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
Sexual Identification ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Disasters

Introduction: Dental evidence is valuable in identification of individuals, especially following mass disasters; estimation of age at death of skeletonised remains and establishing guilt in cases of criminal injury by biting. Mandibular canines are found to exhibit the greatest sexual dimorphism amongst all teeth. Objective: To investigate the accuracy with which gender can be differentiated by using the mandibular canine index in the Punjabi – Pakistani population. Setting: Independent Medical College and Punjab Medical College,  aisalabad. Period: Dec. 2008 to Dec. 2009. Material and Methods: The present study was performed on 200 students, between the age group of 18-25 years, randomly sampled with informed consent (Through 3rd party). Mandibular canine width and intercanine distance were measured with the help of Vernier caliper after observing aseptic conditions. Mandibular canine index was calculated and the observed MCI was compared with the standard MCI value. The data was then analyzed using student’s “t” test. Results: No significant statistical difference was noted between the right and left mandibular canines amongst males and females (same sex) but when comparing between males and females, there was highly statistical significant difference (P < 0.001). The calculated standard MCI for canines of males and females found to be 0.2504. With these calculations we could predict sex correctly at 75.97% in this study (Male: 71.67% and Female: 78.72%). Conclusion: MCI is a quick and reliable method for sexual identification when a standard for the population is available. With these calculations, we could predict the sex correctly at 75.97 % in this study. This method can be used as adjunct to other available tools for sex determination. DNA studies can reveal sex accurately.Availability of comprehensive database with “NADRA” can also be used as adjunct to “MCI” to enhance the accuracy in determination of sex and identity of the person in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Forensic odontology as a victim identification tool in mass disasters: A feasibility study in the Indian scenario

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamindra Sengupta ◽  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Hitesh Vij ◽  
Ruchieka Vij ◽  
Kanika Prabhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Victim Identification ◽  
Mass Disasters ◽  
Indian Scenario ◽  
Identification Tool

AMELOGLYPHICS-AN UPDATED REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Linda Christabel. S ◽  
Merrylda Claribel. S ◽  
Sushmitha. M ◽  
Mohammed Haroon. A. L ◽  
Karpagam. S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biometric System ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Gas Leakage ◽  
Biometric Systems ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
Mass Disasters ◽  
Modern Era

In this modern era equipped with technologies, the crime rates are increasing exponentially. This requires newer methodologies to identify a person who is a victim as well as the perpetruator. Automated biometric systems helps in identifying the individuals by the stored information in the database which are unique for each individual. Some of the important methods are ngerprint biometrics and iris scanning.As these methods involves soft tissues they cant be relied upon during mass disasters like burn accidents and gas leakage accidents. Hence, a biometric system using the hard tissue is required for better identication of the individuals. Thus, Ameloglyphics is introduced to aid in identication of individuals died during mass disasters and it plays a vital role in forensic odontology. This review highlights this technology in detail.

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