Reinforced Palmprint Reconstruction Attacks in Biometric Systems

Biometric signals can be acquired with different sensors and recognized in secure identity management systems. However, it is vulnerable to various attacks that compromise the security management in many applications, such as industrial IoT. In a real-world scenario, the target template stored in the database of a biometric system can possibly be leaked, and then used to reconstruct a fake image to fool the biometric system. As such, many reconstruction attacks have been proposed, yet unsatisfactory naturalness, poor visual quality or incompleteness remains as major limitations. Thus, two reinforced palmprint reconstruction attacks are proposed. Any palmprint image, which can be easily obtained, is used as the initial image, and the region of interest is iteratively modified with deep reinforcement strategies to reduce the matching distance. In the first attack, Modification Constraint within Neighborhood (MCwN) limits the modification extent and suppresses the reckless modification. In the second attack, Batch Member Selection (BMS) selects the significant pixels (SPs) to compose the batch, which are simultaneously modified to a slighter extent to reduce the matching number and the visual-quality degradation. The two reinforced attacks can satisfy all the requirements, which cannot be simultaneously satisfied by the existing attacks. The thorough experiments demonstrate that the two attacks have a highly successful attack rate for palmprint systems based on the most state-of-the-art coding-based methods.

Face Detection With Face Mask for COVID-19 Pandemic Using Neural Networks

The COVID-19 virus can be spread through contact and contaminated surfaces; therefore, typical biometric systems like password and fingerprint are unsafe. Face recognition solutions are safer without any need of touching any device. During the COVID-19 situation as all of the people are advised to wear masks on their faces, the existing face detection technique is not able to identify the person with face occlusion. The fraudsters and thieves take advantage of this scenario and misuse the face mask, favoring them to be able to steal and commit various crimes without being identified. Face recognition methods fail to detect or recognize the face as half of the face is masked and the features are suppressed. Face recognition requires the visibility of major facial features for face normalization, orientation correction, and recognition. Thus, the chapter focuses on the facial recognition based on the feature points surrounding the eye region rather than taking the whole face as a parameter.

Palmprint Recognition System Based on Multi-Block Local Line Directional Pattern and Feature Selection

In this paper, we deal with multimodal biometric systems based on palmprint recognition. In this regard, several palmprint-based approaches have been already proposed. Although these approaches show interesting results, they have some limitations in terms of recognition rate, running time and storage space. To fill this gap, we propose a novel multimodal biometric system combining left and right palmprints. For building this multimodal system, two compact local descriptors for feature extraction are proposed, fusion of left and right palmprints is performed at feature-level, and feature selection using evolutionary algorithms is introduced. To validate our proposal, we conduct intensive experiments related to performance and running time aspects. The obtained results show that our proposal shows significant improvements in terms of recognition rate, running time and storage space. Also, the comparison with other works shows that the proposed system outperforms some literature approaches and comparable with others.

Multimodal Biometric Authentication for Smartphones

Smartphones have become a crucial way of storing sensitive information; therefore, the user's privacy needs to be highly secured. This can be accomplished by employing the most reliable and accurate biometric identification system available currently which is, Eye recognition. However, the unimodal eye biometric system is not able to qualify the level of acceptability, speed, and reliability needed. There are other limitations such as constrained authentication in real time applications due to noise in sensed data, spoof attacks, data quality, lack of distinctiveness, restricted amount of freedom, lack of universality and other factors. Therefore, multimodal biometric systems have come into existence in order to increase security as well as to achieve better performance.[1] This paper provides an overview of different multimodal biometric (multibiometric) systems for smartphones being employed till now and also proposes a multimodal biometric system which can possibly overcome the limitations of the current biometric systems. Keywords: Biometrics, Unimodal, Multimodal, Fusion, Multibiometric Systems

An improved Framework for Biometric Database’s privacy

Security and privacy are huge challenges in biometric systems. Biometrics are sensitive data that should be protected from any attacker and especially attackers targeting the confidentiality and integrity of biometric data. In this paper an extensive review of different physiological biometric techniques is provided. A comparative analysis of the various sus mentioned biometrics, including characteristics and properties is conducted. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the most relevant physiological biometrics is achieved. Furthermore, we propose a new framework for biometric database privacy. Our approach is based on the use of the promising fully homomorphic encryption technology. As a proof of concept, we establish an initial implementation of our security module using JAVA programming language.

AMELOGLYPHICS-AN UPDATED REVIEW

In this modern era equipped with technologies, the crime rates are increasing exponentially. This requires newer methodologies to identify a person who is a victim as well as the perpetruator. Automated biometric systems helps in identifying the individuals by the stored information in the database which are unique for each individual. Some of the important methods are ngerprint biometrics and iris scanning.As these methods involves soft tissues they cant be relied upon during mass disasters like burn accidents and gas leakage accidents. Hence, a biometric system using the hard tissue is required for better identication of the individuals. Thus, Ameloglyphics is introduced to aid in identication of individuals died during mass disasters and it plays a vital role in forensic odontology. This review highlights this technology in detail.

Impact on Biometric Identification Systems of COVID-19

COVID-19 has had an inevitable impact on the daily life of people in 2020. Changes in behavior such as wearing masks have a considerable impact on biometric systems, especially face recognition systems. When people are aware of this impact, a comprehensive evaluation of this phenomenon is lacking. The purpose of this paper is to qualitatively evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on various biometric systems and to quantitatively evaluate face detection and recognition. The experimental results show that a real-world masked face dataset is essential to build an effective face recognition-based biometric system.

An approach to partial occlusion using deep metric learning

<span>The human face can be used as an identification and authentication tool in biometric systems. Face recognition in forensics is a challenging task due to the presence of partial occlusion features like wearing a hat, sunglasses, scarf, and beard. In forensics, criminal identification having partial occlusion features is the most difficult task to perform. In this paper, a combination of the histogram of gradients (HOG) with Euclidean distance is proposed. Deep metric learning is the process of measuring the similarity between the samples using optimal distance metrics for learning tasks. In the proposed system, a deep metric learning technique like HOG is used to generate a 128d real feature vector. Euclidean distance is then applied between the feature vectors and a tolerance threshold is set to decide whether it is a match or mismatch. Experiments are carried out on disguised faces in the wild (DFW) dataset collected from IIIT Delhi which consists of 1000 subjects in which 600 subjects were used for testing and the remaining 400 subjects were used for training purposes. The proposed system provides a recognition accuracy of 89.8% and it outperforms compared with other existing methods.</span>