Meaning now, specifics later? Does prior focus on abstract information impede access to additional types of information needed for problem solving?

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma Koutstaal
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Types Of Information

Inhibitory Control of Information in Memory Across Domains

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-453
Author(s):  
M. Teresa Bajo ◽  
Carlos J. Gómez-Ariza ◽  
Alejandra Marful
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Behavioral Signature

Knowledge in memory is vast and not always relevant to the task at hand. Recent views suggest that the human cognitive system has evolved so that it includes goal-driven control mechanisms to regulate the level of activation of specific pieces of knowledge and make distracting or unwanted information in memory less accessible. This operation is primarily directed to facilitate the use of task-relevant knowledge. However, these control processes may also have side effects on performance in a variety of situations when the task at hand partly relies on access to suppressed information. In this article, we show that various types of information to be used in a variety of different contexts (problem solving, decision making based on personal information, language production) may be the target of inhibitory control. We also show that the control process may leave a behavioral signature if suppressed information turns out to be relevant shortly after being suppressed.

scholarly journals A Review of Problem Solving Techniques in Engineering Project Management - Mapping The Mind, Design Thinking Approach and Six Thinking Hats

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Othman ◽  
◽  
Mohammed Bamasood ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Engineering Project Management ◽  
Organization Problem ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Year 2000

In order to effectively manage and run a successful organization, problem-solving techniques are important for the successful leader/project manager. This paper introduced three problem-solving techniques in engineering project management which are Mapping the Mind, Design Thinking Approach, and Six Thinking Hats Methods. The objective of this paper is to review these three techniques, which consist of the descriptions of the techniques, the advantages/disadvantages, the highlights and the addition of suggestions, comments and analysis/comparison between the three techniques. This review had been made from various types of information, back in year 2000 until present which is year 2020. This article can be a good reference for engineering project managers, to be used by their project management team members, in order to solve associated problems during engineering processes or services.

High-Voltage Scanning Electron Microscopy

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
J. M. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Wave Optics ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Voltage Scanning

The comparison of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with conventional transmission electron microscopy (CTEM) can best be made by means of the Reciprocity Theorem of wave optics. In Fig. 1 the intensity measured at a point A’ in the CTEM image due to emission from a point B’ in the electron source is equated to the intensity at a point of the detector, B, due to emission from a point A In the source In the STEM. On this basis it can be demonstrated that contrast effects In the two types of instrument will be similar. The reciprocity relationship can be carried further to include the Instrument design and experimental procedures required to obtain particular types of information. For any. mode of operation providing particular information with one type of microscope, the analagous type of operation giving the same information can be postulated for the other type of microscope. Then the choice between the two types of instrument depends on the practical convenience for obtaining the required Information.

An application of the Patient-Oriented Problem-Solving (POPS) System

1991 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 327-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Chiodo ◽  
WW Bullock ◽  
HR Creamer ◽  
DI Rosenstein
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving

Structural dynamics of P-type ATPase ion pumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Dyla ◽  
Sara Basse Hansen ◽  
Poul Nissen ◽  
Magnus Kjaergaard
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Resonance Energy Transfer ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
P Type

Abstract P-type ATPases transport ions across biological membranes against concentration gradients and are essential for all cells. They use the energy from ATP hydrolysis to propel large intramolecular movements, which drive vectorial transport of ions. Tight coordination of the motions of the pump is required to couple the two spatially distant processes of ion binding and ATP hydrolysis. Here, we review our current understanding of the structural dynamics of P-type ATPases, focusing primarily on Ca2+ pumps. We integrate different types of information that report on structural dynamics, primarily time-resolved fluorescence experiments including single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer and molecular dynamics simulations, and interpret them in the framework provided by the numerous crystal structures of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. We discuss the challenges in characterizing the dynamics of membrane pumps, and the likely impact of new technologies on the field.

Applying a Self-Regulating Private Speech Model to Classroom Settings

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133
Author(s):  
A. D. Pellegrini
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Private Speech ◽  
Speech Model

The paper explores the processes by which children use private speech to regulate their behaviors. The first part of the paper explores the ontological development of self-regulating private speech. The theories of Vygotsky and Luria are used to explain this development. The second part of the paper applies these theories to pedagogical settings. The process by which children are exposed to dialogue strategies that help them solve problems is outlined. The strategy has children posing and answering four questions: What is the problem? How will I solve it? Am I using the plan? How did it work? It is argued that this model helps children systematically mediate their problem solving processes.

Creative Problem Solving in Public School Supervision

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Shapiro ◽  
Nelson Moses
Keyword(s):  
Public School ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
Collaborative Problem Solving ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Supervision ◽  
Team Functioning

This article presents a practical and collegial model of problem solving that is based upon the literature in supervision and cognitive learning theory. The model and the procedures it generates are applied directly to supervisory interactions in the public school environment. Specific principles of supervision and related recommendations for collaborative problem solving are discussed. Implications for public school supervision are addressed in terms of continued professional growth of both supervisees and supervisors, interdisciplinary team functioning, and renewal and retention of public school personnel.

Teaching Language Rules as Solutions to Language Problems

1987 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil J. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Teaching Language ◽  
Language Problem ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Simple Language ◽  
Approach To Teaching

The teaching procedures that are commonly used with language-disordered children do not entirely match the goals that they are intended to achieve. By using a problem-solving approach to teaching language rules, the procedures and goals of language teaching become more harmonious. Such procedures allow a child to create a rule to solve a simple language problem created for the child by a clinician who understands the conditions that control the operation of a rule.

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