Evaluation of All-Round Modular Scaffolding (ARMS) type Scaffold by using BS1139 Standards for Industries

Scaffolds can be categorised into access scaffolds and support scaffolds based on its functions: access scaffolds and support scaffolds. Regardless, both are only consent to be used when it follows requirement set forth by the government in order to protect the workers’ safety and health. Due to increased demand for scaffolds manufacturers try to compete with each other by developing various type and sizes of scaffolds. Unfortunately, the usage of these modern scaffolds such as All-Round Modular Scaffoldings are rather limited due to its deviations from the BS 1139 standards. This study aims to determine the distribution force on the All-Round Modular Scaffolding determine its suitable duty category based on the BS1139 guidelines. Standard parts of ARMS from manufacturer was used to build one storey x 1 bay (sizing 3 m x 3 m) structure and was assembled by authorised and professional contractor. The structure was then put through load test. The load was placed on top of the working platform and the deflection of the components was measured. The findings reveal that the structure as well as the individual platform can support loads up to 500 kg with no crack or permanent deformation observed after the test. By referring the BS1139 standards, the All-Round Modular Scaffolding is surpassing the requirement for general and heavy-duty scaffold with distributed load on platform recorded to be 2.67 kN/m2 and concluded that the additional length of the components does not compromise the working purpose of the scaffolds.

Effect of Side Groove on Shear Lips Formation of Aluminium Alloy 6061 using Finite Element Analysis

Aluminium alloys are commonly utilised to reduce the weight of vehicles as structural components due to their good mechanical properties, lightweight characteristics, ease of fabrication, and high specific strength. During an accident, aluminium alloys are subjected to high velocity and varying loads. As a result, it is crucial to understand the impact properties of aluminium alloys. The side groove influence on the shear lip development of the aluminium alloy Al6061 was investigated in this study. The Charpy impact test under different side groove depth ratio was conducted through simulation using Abaqus. It was found that the shear lips ratio decreased when the side groove depth ratio increased. The energy absorption and force required to fracture the specimen decreased when the side groove depth ratio increased. As a result of the lower shear lips ratio, less absorb energy, and less force of impact, increasing the side groove depth ratio will tend to lower Al6061 ductility.

Study of the Stress Distribution Due to the Effect of Transient Analysis on a Vertical Pressure Vessel and Validation using the Mesh Independence Study

The importance of Pressure Vessel (PV) to industries is one of the reasons why the design and structural integrity should be fully understood and considered when deploring it in under different conditions. The design of such vessels need to be broadened with a detailed thermal stress due to its time-dependent different behaviours experienced under load. Therefore, this study aimed at investigation of transient analysis of PV when subjected to different operating condition. The PV used for this simulation was designed based on American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) 2019 and subjected to transient-stress analysis (transient thermal and structural) using ANSYS software. A complete evaluation of temperature, heat flux and resulting stress distribution across the vessel was estimated at four different locations within the designed PV and the obtained result was compared with analytically obtained results from appropriate standards. The accuracy of the result obtained from PV was validated using analysis of Mesh Independent Study (MIS), Grid Convergence Index (GCI) and fractional error obtained between the fine grid used. The results showed that there were different temperature and heat flux distribution at the considered locations, these varied distributions or change are according to various transients which are as a result of the load applied to the PV. The simulated maximum principal stress value was close to the analytically computed stress with a percentage error of 2.65% with respect to the analytically obtained result. The analysed maximum stress (W analysed) value 3400 MPa, obtained from MIS study was close to 3210 MPa obtained for maximum stress using numerical approach (WN). The GCI value obtained was 0.073 and fractional error of -0.003 which show that the result presented are grid independent solution.

Review of Various Hydroxyapatite Coating Methods on SS316L Foam for Biomedical Application

Metallic biomaterials such as 316L stainless steel (SS316L) are widely used as an implant to replace the function of damaged bone, especially in hip or knee applications. However, many of them fail during a short period or have complications. The biocompatibility issues are the main factor that caused this failure. Thus, coating the SS316L with bioactive and biocompatible material is one of the promising techniques to enhance the biocompatibility and lifetime of the implant. This paper provides an overview of the SS316L foam coated hydroxyapatite (HA). Various methods of HA coating such as sol-gel, dip coating, electrophoretic deposition, plasma spraying, and pulse laser deposition applied on SS316L foam and their coating characteristics were investigated based on recent literature. SS316L foam coated HA using different coating methods were compiled and their basic properties were reported. Therefore, this paper will benefit future works on SS316L foam coated HA in a biomedical application.

A Review of Problem Solving Techniques in Engineering Project Management - Mapping The Mind, Design Thinking Approach and Six Thinking Hats

In order to effectively manage and run a successful organization, problem-solving techniques are important for the successful leader/project manager. This paper introduced three problem-solving techniques in engineering project management which are Mapping the Mind, Design Thinking Approach, and Six Thinking Hats Methods. The objective of this paper is to review these three techniques, which consist of the descriptions of the techniques, the advantages/disadvantages, the highlights and the addition of suggestions, comments and analysis/comparison between the three techniques. This review had been made from various types of information, back in year 2000 until present which is year 2020. This article can be a good reference for engineering project managers, to be used by their project management team members, in order to solve associated problems during engineering processes or services.

The Challenges in Product Design and Development in Project Management towards IR4.0

This paper provides a review about the challenges in product design and development (PDD) in the context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0), with a particular focused on the problems that may be encountered by the project management (PM) team in the PDD phase. In recent decades, there has been a large number research, design, and development studies related to IR 4.0, such as synthesizing the applications of Big Data, Internet of things (IoT), Cloud Computing, Cybersecurity, and Artificial Intelligence. The effect of this revolution in technology is changing rapidly with new models and methods of manufacturing that have been proposed for the new future. The pandemic Covid-19 also accelerates the interest in using all kinds of online technology. However, to adapt and achieve the benefits of this revolution, industry players have to encounter several issues related to the PM, especially during the PDD phase. The management challenges discussed in this study were divided into four categories: the project team member selection, team leader selection, identifying potential customers, and design for the environment. In addition, some of the solutions and recommendation has been described using several examples.

Energy Consumption Pattern of a Decentralized Community in Oyo State, Nigeria

Energy is required in the manufacturing process of various products and in the movement of goods and services within and outside a country. Energy consumption patterns, which consist of energy sources, quantities and the demographics of the consumers, help in drawing a clearer picture of the economic situation of the location. This work involves a survey of the energy consumption pattern carried out in a decentralized community. As established from the research, there is a direct correlation between economic development and energy consumption. It is therefore imperative to study the energy usage in rural areas to help decision makers tackle their energy problems. A survey questionnaire was designed for this study and energy conversion method was employed for the conversion of the raw data collected into energy units to determine the quantities of energy consumed in various sectors at the Alagbaa community in Akanran, Ona Ara Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. The survey covered a heterogeneous population of different income groups and social groups. Studies were carried out on the total and average quantities of energy consumed in the domestic (cooking and home electrification), transportation and agricultural sectors. Home electrification accounted for 37% of the total energy used while transportation, cooking and agriculture accounted for 35%, 13% and 15% respectively. From the study, it was found that economic inequality is also displayed in the choice of energy sources with higher deviation found in the total amount energy consumption. It was also realized that the least conventional source of energy, firewood, showed higher deviation. It also revealed that 50% of the energy used was channelled to non-economic activities.

Assessment on 5S Approach Strategy for Small Medium Enterprise (SME): A Case Study in Sabah

This study aims to assess the 5S approach strategy for SME. 5S in simple terms is a Japanese technique consisting of five ‘S’ terms namely Seiri (sorting), Seiton (set in order), Seiso (shine), Seiketsu (standardize) and Shitsuke (sustain) which is always applied to manage the workplace. In this research, a case study will be steered at the packaging section of Fatt Choi Sdn Bhd Company located in Sabah, Malaysia to gather data for analysis. This paper targets the wastes observed in the packaging section of Fatt Choi Company and systematic elimination of them through 5 stages of 5S. Low space utilization, presence of unnecessary items, lack of proper cleaning schedule, obsolete work rules are the major wastes observed in the workplace. Through the implementation of various steps of 5S, the targeted wastes are eliminated, and better space utilization is achieved. The objectives of this paper are to assess the level of understanding for workers to encounter and adapting 5S systems which would enhance their performance, to evaluate the acceptance rate for employees to implement 5S in their work area as well as to relate the effectiveness of the 5S system in improving the worker performance and reducing unwanted waste in the industry. The researcher is able to assist with the implementation of 5S practices in the SMEs which could benefit their organization from the 5S systems, as well as the problem faced in implementation, factors of implementation and benefits experienced after the adoption of 5S lean manufacturing tools were being identified and evaluated. The results reveal that before the implementation of 5S, the survey scores varies from very poor to satisfactory( scoring from 1-3) related to the level of understanding for workers to encounter and adapting 5S systems, the acceptance rate for employees to implement 5S in their work area as well as the effectiveness of the 5S system in improving the worker performance and reducing unwanted waste in the industry but after the implementation of 5S the scores had changed from good to very good (scoring from 3-5). Survey results show a clear change can be seen before and after the implementation of 5S. The result gets positive result from the survey done by the employees after the implementation of 5S in their working area. Employees are more contented with their work environment after the implementation of 5S. This is due to the cleanliness of their workplace is maintained every day, all items and tools are adequately arranged, and they can finish their work without any delay resulting from time waste searching for tools.

Damping Impact on 1-Dimensional Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Turning Machining

In ultrasonic vibration-assisted turning (UVAT), vibration is one of the critical factors that causes noise during machining and affects cutting tool life, machining accuracy and workpiece surface quality. Vibration generated by piezoelectric actuators tends to transmit undesired vibration on the edge of the cutting tool and tool post. This situation hinders the maximization of vibration energy usage in the cutting tool. Thus, this paper investigated the vibration performance in the cutting tool by adding an isolator pad as damping element in the static zone of a tool holder to reduce the resonance generated during the machining process. The static, vibration and surface roughness analysis has been performed to determine the impact of damping on the machining performance. The results revealed a significant improvement in surface roughness where the best Ra for UVAT was 0.38 μm. In addition, vibration and static analysis showed the application of isolator pad capable of reducing 80% of energy loses and a supporter to increase the displacement, respectively. Ultimately this innovative solution can play an important role in improving UVAT performance.

Neural Network-Based System Identification for Quadcopter Dynamic Modeling: A Review

A quadcopter is a rotorcraft with a simple mechanical construction. It has the same hovering capability similar to the traditional helicopter, but it is easier to maintain. The quadcopter is hard to control due to its unstable system with highly coupled and non-linear dynamics. In order to design a robust control algorithm, it is crucial to obtain a precise quadrotor flight dynamics through system identification approach. System identification is a method of finding the mathematical model of the dynamics system using the input-output data measurement. Neural network (NN) based system identification is excellent alternative modeling because it reduces development costs and time by avoiding governing equations and large aerodynamic database. NN based system identification has successfully identified the quadcopter dynamics with good accuracy. This paper gives an overview of the characteristic of the quadcopter and presents a comprehensive survey of the modeling techniques used to determine the flight dynamics of a quadrotor with a particular focus on NN based system identification method. The presented research works have been classified into different categories such as the first principle modeling, system identification and implementation of NN based system identification in quadcopter platform. Finally, the paper highlights challenges that need to be addressed in developing efficient NN based system identification model for unmanned quadcopter system.