Character Adaptation Systems Theory: A New Big Five for Personality and Psychotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregg Henriques
Keyword(s):  
Systems Theory ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Individual Psychotherapy ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Human Psychology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Experiential System ◽  
The Relationship

Although personality theory and psychotherapy were originally closely linked, the past several decades have witnessed surprising gaps between these domains. This article seeks to close that gap via character adaptation systems theory (CAST), which is a formulation derived from Henriques's (2011) unified approach to psychology that links recent developments in personality theory with integrative visions of psychotherapy via the explication of 5 systems of character adaptation: (a) the habit system, (b) the experiential system, (c) the relationship system, (d) the defensive system, and (e) the justification system. This article delineates the nature of these systems of adaptation and how they connect to modern personality theory and the major systems of individual psychotherapy, as well as how they relate to important domains in human psychology and can be applied in the context of psychotherapy.

scholarly journals Application of communication channels by marketing addressing of customers in gastronomy

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 498-503
Author(s):  
A. Kretter ◽  
M. Mirz ◽  
K. Kleinová
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Marketing ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Information Channel ◽  
Communication Policy ◽  
Competitive Situation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Social and habitual changes of guests and a more difficult competitive situation are forcing the gastronomy industry to change. As one necessary reaction, restaurant operators need to apply a more specific and therefore a more effective communication policy. This research proves that there exist categories of guests, which react strongly positively to a certain mix of information content and information channel. Thus, communication policy is most effective, when such a communication mix is used. The explored factors are dimensions, not types; which means that each guest will show a different rate of interest in each of the defined dimension. The theory behind these dimensions is adopted from the applied personality theory, which has led to the development of the Big Five personality dimensions. The empirical analysis was exclusively conducted on the basis of the existing guests (189) of two pizzerias in Germany. The analysis mainly presents results for the relationship marketing, which focuses on the satisfaction of the already existing customers.

Mimetic Dynamics

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-218
Author(s):  
Natasha Barrett ◽  
Oyvind Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Natural World ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Interactive Installation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
The Many ◽  
Physical Laws ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Paradigm

The ‘art’ we produce today attempts to incorporate an increasing level of computer technology. There are many reasons for this trend, the most significant being a thirst for an exploration of the ‘new’, and the desire to parallel the increasing level of technology seeping into everyday life. However, when surveying recent developments we find an array of technology-related arts projects that instead of reaching forward into the previously unknown, often reproduce the past simply in a digital form, designed to appeal to our immediate senses but lacking in depth and substance. Likewise, it can be observed that in many cultures (ancient and modern), mimesis grows out of what seems to be a human reaction to technological change. Qualities familiar from past usage tend to be reproduced in new materials and with new techniques, regardless of appropriateness. This may have religious origins, or simply result from inertia, reworking concepts within the current paradigm. Parallels can be drawn from evolution, which can be observed to progress in a series of large advancements alternating with periods of extremely slow or zero development (Eldredge and Gould 1972), and from the progress of science, which seems to be similarly stepped (Kuhn 1962).This paper describes Mimetric Dynamics – an audiovisual interactive installation exploring one of the many possible relationships between nature and technology. In this work, real and simulated fluid dynamics are presented simultaneously, allowing both artist and viewer to explore the relationship between ‘digital’ and ‘analogue’ media in both sound and visual dimensions. It gains insight from physical laws and time flows derived from the natural world, where digital technology is used to produce mathematical models simulating real physical attributes. In doing so we are able to harness qualities of the ‘natural’ and use their characteristics to control aspects of the ‘artificial’ (virtual).

scholarly journals Looking Behind and Looking Ahead: Personality Differences in Counterfactual and Prefactual Thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Alison M. Bacon ◽  
Clare R. Walsh ◽  
Raluca A. Briazu
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
Counterfactual Thinking ◽  
Mental Simulation ◽  
Potential Outcomes ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Life Outcomes ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Counterfactual thinking (CFT) involves the mental simulation of alternatives to the past. In contrast, prefactual thinking (PFT) simulates potential outcomes that have yet to happen. Individuals differ in the extent to which they think in these ways, but we know little about how personality is implicated in these differences. This study investigated the relationship between Big Five personality traits and levels of spontaneous CFT and PFT embedded within a fictional diary entry. Results indicated that CFT was related to high neuroticism and low agreeableness, while PFT was related to low neuroticism and high agreeableness, as well as high extraversion. This suggests that CFT and PFT are, in part, dispositionally based and may be predicted by Big Five measures. This has implications for our understanding of individual differences in terms of the functionality of CFT and PFT and their potential influence on life outcomes.

Molecular architecture of heparin and heparan sulfate: Recent developments in solution structural studies

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mulloy ◽  
Sanaullah Khan ◽  
Stephen J. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Heparan Sulfate ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Pyranose Ring ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
The Relationship

The study of the relationship between the complex structures and numerous physiological functions of the glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) has continued to thrive in the past decade. Though it is clear that the monosaccharide sequences of these polysaccharides must determine their ability to modulate the action of growth factors, morphogens, chemokines, cytokines, and many other extracellular proteins, the exact details of this dependence still prove elusive. Sequence determines the 3D structure of GAGs at more than one level; detailed sequences of highly sulfated regions may influence affinity for specific proteins in some cases, but in addition attention has been called to the importance of the length and spacing of these highly sulfated sequences, which are separated by unsulfated domains. Within the sulfated “S-domains”, the internal dynamics of the conformationally flexible iduronate pyranose ring have continued to interest NMR spectroscopists and molecular modelers. New studies of the relative degrees of flexibility of sulfated and unsulfated domains lead to an overall model of heparin/HS in which protein-binding, highly sulfated S-domains with well-defined conformations are separated by more flexible NA-domains.

Personality Traits and Cognitive Biases

2018 ◽  
pp. 133-163
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Cognitive Style ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personality Theory ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Relationship

Personality plays an important role in determining one's cognitive style, having a strong impact on the decision making of each person. Personality is a set of traits and qualities that form how somebody is, and it distinguishes us from others. At present, the most widely accepted personality theory is the big five factor, where personality is divided into five large traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. These traits are independent of each other. On the other hand, several personality traits have been more strongly associated with psychopathology. Therefore, personality traits would be related to the production of several cognitive biases in all people because personality influences our own beliefs, and these can guide us to display certain types of biases. This chapter delves into the relationship between personality traits (especially openness, neuroticism, extroversion, and schizotypy) and cognitive biases.

scholarly journals Nomenclature: How do we designate NPP taxa?

2021 ◽  
pp. SP511-2020-119
Author(s):  
J. M. K. O'Keefe ◽  
N. B. Nuñez Otaño ◽  
M. V. Bianchinotti
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recent Developments

AbstractIdentification and naming of fossil and subfossil organisms are not easy tasks. We are in the midst of a paradigm shift in how NPP taxa are named, driven in large part by 1) molecular clock taxonomic efforts in the past 25 years and 2) greater connectivity among scientific communities. Concurrent with this is the understanding that sometimes a name is not necessary, and identifying acronyms, pending further taxonomic work, or where fragmentary or synapomorphic remains cannot be assigned to their original taxon, are sufficient. The overarching goal of the paradigm shift is to maintain stability of the code and avoid increasing the number of names that refer to single taxa. The history and current state of nomenclature for non-pollen palynomorphs groups, highlighting recent developments with dinoflagellates and fungi, is given, and recommendations for a unified approach to NPP nomenclature through geological time are made.

Poor Acceptance of the Past is Related to Depressive Symptoms in Older Adults

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Gozde Cetinkol ◽  
Gulbahar Bastug ◽  
E. Tugba Ozel Kizil
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Death Anxiety ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Ego Integrity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Depressed Group ◽  
Total Death ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Depression in older adults can be explained by Erikson’s theory on the conflict of ego integrity versus hopelessness. The study investigated the relationship between past acceptance, hopelessness, death anxiety, and depressive symptoms in 100 older (≥50 years) adults. The total Beck Hopelessness (BHS), Geriatric Depression (GDS), and Accepting the Past (ACPAST) subscale scores of the depressed group were higher, while the total Death Anxiety (DAS) and Reminiscing the Past (REM) subscale scores of both groups were similar. A regression analysis revealed that the BHS, DAS, and ACPAST predicted the GDS. Past acceptance seems to be important for ego integrity in older adults.

Individual Differences in Students' Preferences for Lecturers' Personalities

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Student Ratings ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Personality Profile ◽  
Similarity Effect ◽  
Intelligence Scores ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study examines the relationship between students' personality and intelligence scores with their preferences for the personality profile of their lecturers. Student ratings (N = 136) of 30 lecturer trait characteristics were coded into an internally reliable Big Five taxonomy ( Costa & McCrae, 1992 ). Descriptive statistics showed that, overall, students tended to prefer conscientious, open, and stable lecturers, though correlations revealed that these preferences were largely a function of students' own personality traits. Thus, open students preferred open lecturers, while agreeable students preferred agreeable lecturers. There was evidence of a similarity effect for both Agreeableness and Openness. In addition, less intelligent students were more likely to prefer agreeable lecturers than their more intelligent counterparts were. A series of regressions showed that individual differences are particularly good predictors of preferences for agreeable lecturers, and modest, albeit significant, predictors of preferences for open and neurotic lecturers. Educational and vocational implications are considered.

The Two Components of Social Desirability and their Relations to Resting Frontal Brain Asymmetry

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia A. Pauls ◽  
Jan Wacker ◽  
Nicolas W. Crost
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Α Band

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between resting frontal hemispheric asymmetry (FHA) in the low α band (8-10.25 Hz) and the two components of socially desirable responding, i.e., self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM), in an opposite-sex encounter. In addition, Big Five facets, self-reports of emotion, and spontaneous eye blink rate (BR), a noninvasive indicator of functional dopamine activity, were assessed. SDE as well as IM were related to relatively greater right-than-left activity in the low α band (i.e., relative left frontal activation; LFA) and to self-reported positive affect (PA), but only SDE was related to BR. We hypothesized that two independent types of motivational approach tendencies underlie individual differences in FHA and PA: affiliative motivation represented by IM and agentic incentive motivation represented by SDE. Whereas the relationship between SDE and PA was mediated by BR, the relationship between SDE and FHA was not.

A Meta-Analytic Investigation of the Relationship Between Scale-Item Length, Label Format, and Reliability

Methodology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Hamby ◽  
Robert A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Item Response ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Category Label ◽  
Response Category ◽  
Analytic Investigation ◽  
Scale Item ◽  
Item Characteristics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Abstract. Using two meta-analytic datasets, we investigated the effect that two scale-item characteristics – number of item response categories and item response-category label format – have on the reliability of multi-item rating scales. The first dataset contained 289 reliability coefficients harvested from 100 samples that measured Big Five traits. The second dataset contained 2,524 reliability coefficients harvested from 381 samples that measured a wide variety of constructs in psychology, marketing, management, and education. We performed moderator analyses on the two datasets with the two item characteristics and their interaction. As expected, as the number of item response categories increased, so did reliability, but more importantly, there was a significant interaction between the number of item response categories and item response-category label format. Increasing the number of response categories increased reliabilities for scale-items with all response categories labeled more so than for other item response-category label formats. We explain that the interaction may be due to both statistical and psychological factors. The present results help to explain why findings on the relationships between the two scale-item characteristics and reliability have been mixed.

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