NASA spacecraft ‘touches’ the Sun for the first time ever

Nature ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Witze
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
First Time

scholarly journals Gamma Astrometric Measurement Experiment: testing General Relativity with a small mission

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (S248) ◽  
pp. 290-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vecchiato ◽  
M. G. Lattanzi ◽  
M. Gai ◽  
R. Morbidelli
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Galactic Center ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Measurement Experiment ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Bending Of Light

AbstractGAME (Gamma Astrometric Measurement Experiment) is a concept for an experiment whose goal is to measure from space the γ parameter of the Parameterized Post-Newtonian formalism, by means of a satellite orbiting at 1 AU from the Sun and looking as close as possible to its limb. This technique resembles the one used during the solar eclipse of 1919, when Dyson, Eddington and collaborators measured for the first time the gravitational bending of light. Simple estimations suggest that, possibly within the budget of a small mission, one could reach the 10−6level of accuracy with ~106observations of relatively bright stars at about 2° apart from the Sun. Further simulations show that this result could be reached with only 20 days of measurements on stars ofV≤ 17 uniformly distributed. A quick look at real star densities suggests that this result could be greatly improved by observing particularly crowded regions near the galactic center.

Cosmic Deer as an Archaic Symbol in the Narratives and Rituals of the Tungus-Manchus

2020 ◽  
pp. 112-121
Author(s):  
Татьяна Юрьевна Сем
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Cosmic Scale ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Universe ◽  
The Bronze Age

Статья посвящена мифологическому образу космического оленя в традиционной культуре тунгусо-маньчжуров. В работе рассматриваются материалы фольклора, шаманства, промысловых и календарных ритуалов, а также искусства. Впервые систематизированы материалы по всем тунгусо-маньчжурским народам. Образ космического оленя в фольклоре эвенов имеет наиболее близкие аналогии с амурскими народами, которые представляют его с рогами до небес. Он сохранился в сказочном фольклоре с мифологическими и эпическими элементами. В эвенском мифе образ оленя имеет космические масштабы: из тела его происходит земля и всё живущее на ней. У народов Амура образ оленя нашел отражение в космогенезе, отделении неба от земли. Своеобразие сюжета космической охоты характеризует общесибирскую мифологию, относящуюся к ранней истории. В ней наиболее ярко проявляется мотив смены старого и нового солнца, хода времени, смены времен года, календарь тунгусо-маньчжуров. В результате анализа автор пришел к выводу, что олень в тунгусо-маньчжурской традиции моделирует пространство и время Вселенной, характеризует образ солнца и хода времени. Космический олень является архетипичным символом культуры тунгусо-маньчжуров, сохранившим свое значение до настоящего времени в художественной культуре This article is devoted to the mythological image of cosmic deer in traditional Tungus-Manchu culture. It examines materials of folklore, shamanism, trade and calendar rituals as well as art and for the first time systematizes materials from all of the Tungus-Manchu peoples. The image of cosmic deer in the folklore of the Evens has its closest analogy in that of the Amur peoples, reflected in the image of a deer with horns reaching up to the sky. This image is preserved in fairytales with mythological and epic elements. In the Even myth, the image of a deer is on a cosmic scale, as the cosmos issues from its body. Among the Amur peoples, the image of a deer is also related to cosmogenesis, to the separation of the earth from the sky. The plot of a cosmic hunt is reflected in pan-Siberian mythology, dating back to the Bronze Age. It clearly illustrates the motif of the change of the old and new sun, the passage of time, the change of seasons, the Tungus-Manchu calendar. The author comes to the conclusion that deer in the Tungus-Manchu tradition, in depicting the image of the sun and the passage of time, model the space and time of the Universe. The cosmic deer is an archetypal symbol of Tungus-Manchu culture, which has retained its significance in artistic culture to the present day.

‘Nothing is hidden under the sun’

2019 ◽  
pp. 258-271
Author(s):  
Margaret Dalivalle ◽  
Martin Kemp ◽  
Robert B. Simon
Keyword(s):  
The Sun ◽  
Oliver Cromwell ◽  
Charles Ii ◽  
First Time ◽  
Extensive List

Chapter 14 surveys the return of royal goods to Charles II at the Restoration of the Crown in 1660 and identifies the Greenwich Salvator Mundi, disbursed and returned by Capt. John Stone in the royal inventory of c. 1666. The chapter reviews the individuals involved in the restitution and augmentation of the Royal Collection and identifies two inventories of the collection at the earliest state of assembly c. 1660–2. It identifies a previously unrecognized—and extensive—list of paintings reserved for the use of Oliver Cromwell. It considers the location and fate of the painting of Christ attributed to Leonardo that was disbursed to Edward Bass in December 1651. The chapter identifies, for the first time, documentation of the presence of the Windsor Volume in the collection of Charles II.

Helium

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Emission Spectrum ◽  
Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Atomic Structure ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
First Time

Today we learn at such a young age about the periodic properties of the elements and their atomic structure that it seems as if we grew up with the knowledge, and that everyone must always have known such basic, simple stuff. But till nearly the end of the nineteenth century no one even suspected that such things as the noble gases, with their filled electronic orbits, might exist. Helium was the first one we at Brookhaven looked for in our mass spectrometer, and the first one discovered. This was in 1868, but the discovery was ignored and the discoverer ridiculed. He didn’t care; he had other things on his mind. His name was Pierre Jules César Janssen, and he was a French astronomer who sailed to India that year in order to take advantage of a predicted solar eclipse. With the overwhelming brightness of the sun’s disk blocked by the moon, he hoped to observe the outer layers using the newly discovered technique of absorption spectroscopy. Nobody at the time understood why, but it had been observed that when a bright light shone through a gas, the chemical elements in the gas absorbed the light at specific wavelengths. The resulting dark lines in the emission spectrum of the light were like fingerprints, for it had been found in chemical laboratories that when an element was heated it emitted light at the same wavelengths it would absorb when light from an outside source was shined on it. So the way the technique worked, Janssen reasoned, was that he could measure the wavelengths of the solar absorbed lines and compare them with lines emitted in chemical laboratories where different elements were routinely studied, thus identifying the gases present in the sun. On August 18 of that year the moon moved properly into position, and Janssen’s spectroscope captured the dark absorption lines of the gases surrounding the sun. It was an exciting moment, as for the first time the old riddle could be answered: “Twinkle twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are.” The answer now was clear: the sun, a typical star, was made overwhelmingly of hydrogen. But to Janssen’s surprise there was one additional and annoying line, with a wavelength of 587.49 nanometers.

scholarly journals 3. An Alternate Interpretation of the Oort Cloud of Comets?

1977 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
L. Kresak
Keyword(s):  
Relative Size ◽  
Oort Cloud ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
The Sun ◽  
First Passage ◽  
Radiation Mechanism ◽  
Original Surface ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stellar Perturbations

Some problems of the current interpretation of the Oort Cloud are discussed. If observational selection is taken into account, no significant difference in physical characteristics of old and new comets is apparent, in spite of the required change in the radiation mechanism after the first passage near the Sun. The abundance of new comets puts special requirements on the relative size of the perihelion distances at which they lose their orbital characteristics and original surface properties, respectively. Stellar perturbations do not seem to be effective enough to displace the perihelia of new comets in a single revolution from the zone of insignificant planetary perturbations into the zone of detectability. Therefore, many physically new comets should appear as dynamically old, which is at variance with observational evidence. It is speculated whether the Oort Cloud really represents a reservoir of comets passing near the Sun for the first time or, alternatively, a region where the capability of building up extensive comas is being restored within periods of the order of 106 to 107 years.

scholarly journals New insights into the stratospheric and mesosphere-lower thermospheric ozone response to the abrupt changes in solar forcing

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
K. V. Subrahmanyam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Solar Eclipse ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Forcing ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Annular Solar Eclipse

Abstract. Using a unique set of satellite based observations of the vertical distribution of ozone during the recent annular solar eclipse of 15 January 2010, we demonstrate for the first time, a complete picture of the response of stratospheric ozone to abrupt changes in solar forcing. The stratospheric ozone decreased after the maximum obscuration of the Sun and then gradually increased with time. A dramatic increase in stratospheric ozone of up to 4 ppmv is observed 3 h after the maximum obscuration of the Sun. The present study also reports for the first time the mesosphere-lower thermospheric ozone response to solar eclipse. Thus it is envisaged that the present results will have important implications in understanding the ozone response to abrupt changes in solar forcing and time-scales involved in such response.

Gravitational and Coulomb Potentials Interference in Heliosphere

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-121
Author(s):  
P.I. Vysikaylo ◽  
N.S. Ryabukha
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Wind Plasma ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Heavy Particles ◽  
Debye Theory ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
First Time ◽  
Small Charge ◽  
Coulomb Potentials

Interference of gravitational and Coulomb potentials in the entire heliosphere is considered, it is being manifested in generation of two opposite flows of charged particles: 1) that are neutral or with a small charge to the Sun, and 2) in the form of a solar wind from the Sun. According to the Einstein --- Smoluchowski relation Te(R) = eDe / µe ~ (E/N)0.75 based on the N experimental values (heavy particles number density --- the ne electron concentration), the Te electron temperature in the entire heliosphere was for the first time analytically calculated depending on the charge of the Sun and distance to it R. Calculated values of the registered ion parameters in the solar wind were compared with experimental observations. Reasons for generating the ring current in inhomogeneous heliosphere and inapplicability of the Debye theory in describing processes in the solar wind (plasma with current) are considered

scholarly journals The Origin of Penitents

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Lliboitry
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Prolonged Action ◽  
First Time

AbstractPenitents are observed on all the snow fields and glaciers of the Santiago Andes between 4000 and 5200 m. They are caused by the prolonged action of the sun in a dry and cold atmosphere, The sublimation of the snow or ice allows the crests to maintain their temperature below 0° C., while in the spaces or passages between the penitents, where radiation is concentrated and removal of water vapour not so easy, melting takes place. This hypothesis is justified by a brief study of the climate of the high Cordillera of Santiago; this study has been attempted for the first time with the help of meteorological information obtained from La Cumbre (3837 m.).The first stage of the penitents is a form of “micropenitent,” similar to that observed at the end of the winter below 3500 m. These micropenitents frequently come from crusted snow which has cracked. The compact ice penitents are directly formed from ice, as is proved by the existence of ice micropenitents.

scholarly journals The Origin of Penitents

1954 ◽  
Vol 2 (15) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Lliboitry
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Prolonged Action ◽  
First Time

AbstractPenitents are observed on all the snow fields and glaciers of the Santiago Andes between 4000 and 5200 m. They are caused by the prolonged action of the sun in a dry and cold atmosphere, The sublimation of the snow or ice allows the crests to maintain their temperature below 0° C., while in the spaces or passages between the penitents, where radiation is concentrated and removal of water vapour not so easy, melting takes place. This hypothesis is justified by a brief study of the climate of the high Cordillera of Santiago; this study has been attempted for the first time with the help of meteorological information obtained from La Cumbre (3837 m.).The first stage of the penitents is a form of “micropenitent,” similar to that observed at the end of the winter below 3500 m. These micropenitents frequently come from crusted snow which has cracked. The compact ice penitents are directly formed from ice, as is proved by the existence of ice micropenitents.

“The Three Kings: Hemingway, Faulkner, and Fitzgerald”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ford
Keyword(s):  
William Faulkner ◽  
Ernest Hemingway ◽  
Kenneth Burke ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
The Great Gatsby ◽  
Sun Also Rises ◽  
The Sun Also Rises ◽  
First Time

In this chapter, the author reflects on how he came to read William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway, and F. Scott Fitzgerald—whom he describes as the three kings. The author begins by recalling a few years ago reading in Exile's Return, Malcolm Cowley's book on the 1920s, the teenage correspondence between Cowley and Kenneth Burke. He admits that reading was his very problem in Mississippi. He also remembers the first time he read Fitzgerald's story “Absolution” and how he came to know who Faulkner was. According to the author, 1962 was the year he would first read Faulkner, Fitzgerald, and Hemingway. He read The Sun Also Rises, Absalom, Absalom!, and The Great Gatsby. He argues that Faulkner was the best of all three, and the very best of any American writing fiction this century. He concludes by discussing what he and his generation might have learned from the three writers.

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