A study of Hassawi rice (Oryza sativa L.) in terms of its carbohydrate hydrolysis (in vitro) and glycaemic and insulinaemic indices (in vivo)

El arroz, luego del trigo, es el cereal más importante del mundo, sin embargo, es susceptible al ataque de numerosos patógenos, siendo Pyricularia grisea, el más dañino. Este trabajo estableció un sistema de selección in vitro de variedades venezolanas a P. grisea, optimizando el sistema de regeneración por embriogénesis somática (inducción, regeneración y estrés por desecación), sometiendo el callo embriogénico (E) a presión de selección del filtrado crudo “FC” a través de cambios a la misma concentración “MC” o por incrementos progresivos en la concentración “IPC”, obteniendo plantas tolerantes al fitopatógeno. El máximo porcentaje de inducción de callo embriogénico oscilo entre 30-65 %, en las cuatro variedades (Araure-4 y Venezuela 21: 1 mg.L-1 + 2 mg.L-1 K; Cimarrón: 3 mg.L-1 + 2 mg.L-1 K; Centauro: 1 mg.L-1 + 2 mg.L-1 BAP), mientras que la regeneración estuvo entre 44 y 52 % con 0.5 mg.L-1 + 2 mg.L-1 BAP a 48 h de desecación para Centauro y 24 h para las otras tres variedades. La frecuencia regenerativa de los callos E disminuyo a medida que se incrementó la concentración del FC, independientemente del método de presión selectiva. El promedio de plantas diferenciada por variedad, dependió del método de presión usado, siendo el sistema IPC (25 % para Centauro y 50 % para las otras tres variedades) el que mostro los resultados más favorables, evidenciándose que para las condiciones de los sistemas selectivos de FC evaluados, la resistencia expresada a nivel de planta in vivo no corresponde a la encontrada in vitro.

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Anthocyanins Extracted from Oryza sativa L. Prevent Fluorouracil-Induced Nuclear Factor-κB Activation in Oral Mucositis: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19102981 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 2981 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Salunya Tancharoen ◽

Prana Shakya ◽

Somphong Narkpinit ◽

Pornpen Dararat ◽

Kiyoshi Kikuchi

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Oral Mucositis ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Nuclear Accumulation ◽

Ionization Mass ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Oral Keratinocytes

This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of anthocyanins (ANTs) from Oryza sativa L. extracts on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-induced oral mucositis, using a rat model and oral keratinocytes. ANTs were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Animals were randomly given varying doses of ANT-rich extract treatment (500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg) in the absence or presence of 5-FU-induced mucositis. Buccal mucosae were photographed and scored for macroscopic analysis and incisional biopsies of cheek pouches were collected for microscopic examination of oral mucositis. 5-FU caused marked hemorrhage, extensive ulcerations and abscesses compared to non-treated animals with slight erythema. Histologically, a loss of collagen bundles and inflammatory cell infiltrates was observed. After 29 days of ANT treatment, lesions resolved, and abundant collagen fibers were evident in the lamina propria. Buccal mucosa of 5-FU-injected rats showed increased Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p50 and p65 in oral keratinocytes. The administration of ANT reduced NF-κB-positive cells in 5-FU rats (p < 0.001) compared to the non-treatment group. In oral keratinocytes, ANT treatment significantly restored 5-FU-induced growth inhibition and impaired the nuclear accumulation of NF-κB p50 and p65. Our study demonstrated that ANT from Oryza sativa L. exhibited effective anti-inflammatory properties against 5-FU-induced oral mucositis by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

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Detection of Somaclonal Variation in Micropropagated and Acclimatized Plantlets of Oryza sativa MRQ 74 from Stem Explants

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582019370100012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 37 ◽

Author(s):

A. SALEH ◽

R.M. TAHA ◽

N. MAHMAD ◽

H. ELIAS ◽

H.A.A. HAMID

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Somaclonal Variation ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Growth Hormones ◽

Optimum Concentration ◽

Cytological Analysis ◽

Plant Growth Hormones

ABSTRACT: In plant tissue culture system, the excessive supply of plant growth hormones may inhibit further growth and development of the regenerants and sometimes it may induce somaclonal variation. In this study, the optimum concentration of plant growth hormones for in vitro regeneration of Oryza sativa L. cv. MRQ 74 was identified and subsequently the occurrence of somaclonal variation of regenerated plantlets was determined through cytological analysis of in vivo and in vitro grown plantlets. MS media supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 BAP in combination with 0.1 mg L-1 NAA was found to be the optimum concentration for shoots and roots induction of Oryza sativa L. cv. MRQ 74. Plantlets derived from MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D showed higher survival rate than that of MS media supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 BAP in combination with 0.1 mg L-1 NAA. The plant height, number of leaf, leaf length and number of seeds per stalk of acclimatized plants were significantly lower (p<0.05) as compared with plants grown in vivo. Cytological analysis of in vivo and in vitro grown Oryza sativa L. cv. MRQ 74 revealed that the presence of 2,4-D in the culture media had significantly decreased the mitotic index (MI) and increased the ploidy level of the cell nuclei. The findings of the present study would be useful for plant breeders and biotechnologist since somaclonal variation provides a useful source of genetic variation for crop productivity and quality improvement.

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Evaluating the effect of rice (Oryza sativa L.: SRNC05053-6-2) crude extract on psoriasis using in vitro and in vivo models

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-74634-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sumate Ampawong ◽

Kanchana Kengkoom ◽

Passanesh Sukphopetch ◽

Pornanong Aramwit ◽

Watcharamat Muangkaew ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Inflammatory Cytokines ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

In Vivo Models ◽

Cytokines And Chemokines ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Psoriasis is mainly caused because of inappropriate immune responses in the epidermis. Rice (Oryza sativa L.: SRNC05053-6-2) consists of anthocyanin, which exhibits strong antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the role of this black-coloured rice crude extract in alleviating the symptoms of psoriasis using human psoriatic artificial skin and an imiquimod-induced rat psoriasis model. Psoriasis-related genes, cytokines and chemokines were examined; in addition, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties and the immunohistopathological features of this condition were studied. The results showed that the rice extract reduced the severity of psoriasis by (1) decreasing the epidermal thickness, acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, epidermal inflammation and degree of apoptosis induction via caspase-3, (2) increasing the expression levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β), (3) reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-20, IL-22 and TNF-α), chemokines (CCL-20) and anti-microbial peptides (psoriasin and β-defensin), (4) enhancing the antioxidative property (Nrf-2), (5) downregulating the levels of psoriasis-associated genes (psoriasin, β-defensin, koebnerisin 15L and koebnerisin 15S) and (6) upregulating the levels of psoriasis-improving genes (caspase-14, involucrin and filaggrin). Thus, the extract appears to exert therapeutic effects on psoriasis through its antioxidative and immunomodulatory properties.

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The Evaluation of Antianaphylactic Effect of Oryza sativa L. in Rats

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x99000094 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 27 (01) ◽

pp. 63-71 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Hyung Min Kim ◽

Dong-Kue Yi ◽

Hye Young Shin

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Mast Cells ◽

Histamine Release ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Peritoneal Mast Cells ◽

Dose Dependent

This study was carried out to examine the effect of methanol extract of Oryza sativa L. (Dong-Jin in Korean, abbreviate as Os-DJ hereafter) on anaphylaxis. Os-DJ (10-5 to 1 g/kg) dose-dependently inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 in rats. When Os-DJ was pretreated at concentration ranging from 10-5 to 1 g/kg, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Os-DJ (1 g/kg) also significantly inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. Moreover, Os-DJ dose-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC) activated by compound 48/80 or anti-DNP IgE. These results indicate that Os-DJ possess anti anaphylactic activity by inhibition of histamine release from mast cells in vivo and in vitro.

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Effect of Salt Stress in the Selection of Salt Tolerant Hybrids in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Under in vitro and in vivo Condition

Asian Journal of Plant Sciences ◽

10.3923/ajps.2007.137.142 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 137-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

S. Babu ◽

A. Sheeba ◽

P. Yogameenak ◽

J. Anbumalarm ◽

P. Rangasamy

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Selection Of

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In Vitro and In Vivo Anti‐Hyperglycemic and Antioxidant Effects of Phenolic Compounds isolated from Oryza sativa L .( Keun‐nun‐Jami) Variety

The FASEB Journal ◽

10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.487.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Tae‐Yang Kim ◽

Hanna Kang ◽

Jung‐Yun Lee ◽

Jin‐a Yu ◽

Sung‐Gil Hong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Antioxidant Effects

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Subcellular Localization and Vesicular Structures of Anthocyanin Pigmentation by Fluorescence Imaging of Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Stigma Protoplast

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040685 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 685

Author(s):

Enerand Mackon ◽

Yafei Ma ◽

Guibeline Charlie Jeazet Dongho Epse Mackon ◽

Qiufeng Li ◽

Qiong Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Subcellular Localization ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Brown Rice ◽

The Body ◽

Central Vacuole ◽

In Planta ◽

Black Rice

Anthocyanins belong to the group of flavonoid compounds broadly distributed in plant species responsible for attractive colors. In black rice (Oryza sativa L.), they are present in the stems, leaves, stigmas, and caryopsis. However, there is still no scientific evidence supporting the existence of compartmentalization and trafficking of anthocyanin inside the cells. In the current study, we took advantage of autofluorescence with anthocyanin’s unique excitation/emission properties to elucidate the subcellular localization of anthocyanin and report on the in planta characterization of anthocyanin prevacuolar vesicles (APV) and anthocyanic vacuolar inclusion (AVI) structure. Protoplasts were isolated from the stigma of black and brown rice and imaging using a confocal microscope. Our result showed the fluorescence displaying magenta color in purple stigma and no fluorescence in white stigma when excitation was provided by a helium–neon 552 nm and emission long pass 610–670 nm laser. The fluorescence was distributed throughout the cell, mainly in the central vacuole. Fluorescent images revealed two pools of anthocyanin inside the cells. The diffuse pools were largely found inside the vacuole lumen, while the body structures could be observed mostly inside the cytoplasm (APV) and slightly inside the vacuole (AVI) with different shapes, sizes, and color intensity. Based on their sizes, AVI could be grouped into small (Ф < 0.5 um), middle (Ф between 0.5 and 1 um), and large size (Ф > 1 um). Together, these results provided evidence about the sequestration and trafficking of anthocyanin from the cytoplasm to the central vacuole and the existence of different transport mechanisms of anthocyanin. Our results suggest that stigma cells are an excellent system for in vivo studying of anthocyanin in rice and provide a good foundation for understanding anthocyanin metabolism in plants, sequestration, and trafficking in black rice.

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