Visualization of chemical modifications in the human 80S ribosome structure

Nature ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 551 (7681) ◽  
pp. 472-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kundhavai Natchiar ◽  
Alexander G. Myasnikov ◽  
Hanna Kratzat ◽  
Isabelle Hazemann ◽  
Bruno P. Klaholz
2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (18) ◽  
pp. 9289-9298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Taoka ◽  
Yuko Nobe ◽  
Yuka Yamaki ◽  
Ko Sato ◽  
Hideaki Ishikawa ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Bhanu Sood ◽  
Diganta Das ◽  
Michael H. Azarian ◽  
Michael Pecht

Abstract Negative resistance drift in thick film chip resistors in high temperature and high humidity application conditions was investigated. This paper reports on the investigation of possible causes including formation of current leakage paths on the printed circuit board, delamination between the resistor protective coating and laser trim, and the possibility of silver migration or copper dendrite formation. Analysis was performed on a set of circuit boards exhibiting failures due to this phenomenon. Electrical tests after mechanical and chemical modifications showed that the drift was most likely caused by moisture ingress that created a conductive path across the laser trim.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan Liu ◽  
Xiaojie Ma ◽  
Jiahui Yu ◽  
Wensheng Yang ◽  
guiyang wang ◽  
...  

Lasso peptides are a unique family of natural products whose structures feature a specific threaded fold, which confers these peptides the resistance to thermal and proteolytic degradation. This stability gives...


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angana Borbora ◽  
Uttam Manna

Different chemical interactions/bonding allowed LbL deposition of selected constituents, and further post-chemical modifications of chemically reactive multilayered microcapsules allowed to associate desired chemical functionalities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6973
Author(s):  
Alberto Mills ◽  
Federico Gago

eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 are paralogous proteins whose presence in most normal eukaryotic cells is mutually exclusive and developmentally regulated. Often described in the scientific literature under the collective name eEF1A, which stands for eukaryotic elongation factor 1A, their best known activity (in a monomeric, GTP-bound conformation) is to bind aminoacyl-tRNAs and deliver them to the A-site of the 80S ribosome. However, both eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 are endowed with multitasking abilities (sometimes performed by homo- and heterodimers) and can be located in different subcellular compartments, from the plasma membrane to the nucleus. Given the high sequence identity of these two sister proteins and the large number of post-translational modifications they can undergo, we are often confronted with the dilemma of discerning which is the particular proteoform that is actually responsible for the ascribed biochemical or cellular effects. We argue in this review that acquiring this knowledge is essential to help clarify, in molecular and structural terms, the mechanistic involvement of these two ancestral and abundant G proteins in a variety of fundamental cellular processes other than translation elongation. Of particular importance for this special issue is the fact that several de novo heterozygous missense mutations in the human EEF1A2 gene are associated with a subset of rare but severe neurological syndromes and cardiomyopathies.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Vallan ◽  
Emin Istif ◽  
I. Jénnifer Gómez ◽  
Nuria Alegret ◽  
Daniele Mantione

Certainly, the success of polythiophenes is due in the first place to their outstanding electronic properties and superior processability. Nevertheless, there are additional reasons that contribute to arouse the scientific interest around these materials. Among these, the large variety of chemical modifications that is possible to perform on the thiophene ring is a precious aspect. In particular, a turning point was marked by the diffusion of synthetic strategies for the preparation of terthiophenes: the vast richness of approaches today available for the easy customization of these structures allows the finetuning of their chemical, physical, and optical properties. Therefore, terthiophene derivatives have become an extremely versatile class of compounds both for direct application or for the preparation of electronic functional polymers. Moreover, their biocompatibility and ease of functionalization make them appealing for biology and medical research, as it testifies to the blossoming of studies in these fields in which they are involved. It is thus with the willingness to guide the reader through all the possibilities offered by these structures that this review elucidates the synthetic methods and describes the full chemical variety of terthiophenes and their derivatives. In the final part, an in-depth presentation of their numerous bioapplications intends to provide a complete picture of the state of the art.


Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Milena Álvarez-Viñas ◽  
Sandra Souto ◽  
Noelia Flórez-Fernández ◽  
Maria Dolores Torres ◽  
Isabel Bandín ◽  
...  

Carrageenan and carrageenan oligosaccharides are red seaweed sulfated carbohydrates with well-known antiviral properties, mainly through the blocking of the viral attachment stage. They also exhibit other interesting biological properties and can be used to prepare different drug delivery systems for controlled administration. The most active forms are λ-, ι-, and κ-carrageenans, the degree and sulfation position being determined in their properties. They can be obtained from sustainable worldwide available resources and the influence of manufacturing on composition, structure, and antiviral properties should be considered. This review presents a survey of the antiviral properties of carrageenan in relation to the processing conditions, particularly those assisted by intensification technologies during the extraction stage, and discusses the possibility of further chemical modifications.


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