scholarly journals Antiviral Activity of Carrageenans and Processing Implications

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Milena Álvarez-Viñas ◽  
Sandra Souto ◽  
Noelia Flórez-Fernández ◽  
Maria Dolores Torres ◽  
Isabel Bandín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Red Seaweed ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Viral Attachment ◽  
Extraction Stage ◽  
Composition Structure

Carrageenan and carrageenan oligosaccharides are red seaweed sulfated carbohydrates with well-known antiviral properties, mainly through the blocking of the viral attachment stage. They also exhibit other interesting biological properties and can be used to prepare different drug delivery systems for controlled administration. The most active forms are λ-, ι-, and κ-carrageenans, the degree and sulfation position being determined in their properties. They can be obtained from sustainable worldwide available resources and the influence of manufacturing on composition, structure, and antiviral properties should be considered. This review presents a survey of the antiviral properties of carrageenan in relation to the processing conditions, particularly those assisted by intensification technologies during the extraction stage, and discusses the possibility of further chemical modifications.

Novel biomarker and drug delivery systems for theranostics – extracellular vesicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ł. Stępień ◽  
Carina Rząca ◽  
Paweł Moskal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Composition Structure

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano- and micro-sized double-layered membrane entities derived from most cell types and released into biological fluids. Biological properties (cell-uptake, biocompatibility), and chemical (composition, structure) or physical (size, density) characteristics make EVs a good candidate for drug delivery systems (DDS). Recent advances in the field of EVs (e.g., scaling-up production, purification) and developments of new imaging methods (total-body positron emission tomography [PET]) revealed benefits of radiolabeled EVs in diagnostic and interventional medicine as a potential DDs in theranostics.

Starch chemical modifications applied to drug delivery systems: From fundamentals to FDA-approved raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 218-234
Author(s):  
Paulo Vitor França Lemos ◽  
Henrique Rodrigues Marcelino ◽  
Lucas Guimarães Cardoso ◽  
Carolina Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Janice Izabel Druzian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Chemical Modifications

scholarly journals Emerging innate biological properties of nano-drug delivery systems: A focus on PAMAM dendrimers and their clinical potential

2021 ◽  
pp. 113908
Author(s):  
Hadeel Kheraldine ◽  
Ousama Rachid ◽  
Abdella M Habib ◽  
Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa ◽  
Ibrahim F. Benter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Pamam Dendrimers ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Nano Drug Delivery ◽  
Clinical Potential

scholarly journals Aptamers Chemistry: Chemical Modifications and Conjugation Strategies

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadwa Odeh ◽  
Hamdi Nsairat ◽  
Walhan Alshaer ◽  
Mohammad A. Ismail ◽  
Ezaldeen Esawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
New Class ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dna Oligonucleotides ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Group Diversity

Soon after they were first described in 1990, aptamers were largely recognized as a new class of biological ligands that can rival antibodies in various analytical, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. Aptamers are short single-stranded RNA or DNA oligonucleotides capable of folding into complex 3D structures, enabling them to bind to a large variety of targets ranging from small ions to an entire organism. Their high binding specificity and affinity make them comparable to antibodies, but they are superior regarding a longer shelf life, simple production and chemical modification, in addition to low toxicity and immunogenicity. In the past three decades, aptamers have been used in a plethora of therapeutics and drug delivery systems that involve innovative delivery mechanisms and carrying various types of drug cargos. However, the successful translation of aptamer research from bench to bedside has been challenged by several limitations that slow down the realization of promising aptamer applications as therapeutics at the clinical level. The main limitations include the susceptibility to degradation by nucleases, fast renal clearance, low thermal stability, and the limited functional group diversity. The solution to overcome such limitations lies in the chemistry of aptamers. The current review will focus on the recent arts of aptamer chemistry that have been evolved to refine the pharmacological properties of aptamers. Moreover, this review will analyze the advantages and disadvantages of such chemical modifications and how they impact the pharmacological properties of aptamers. Finally, this review will summarize the conjugation strategies of aptamers to nanocarriers for developing targeted drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide releasing-dendrimers: an overview

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (spe) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Carlos Roveda Júnior ◽  
Douglas Wagner Franco
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Nitric Oxide Release ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Nitric Oxide Releasing

Platforms able to storage, release or scavenge NO in a controlled and specific manner is interesting for biological applications. Among the possible matrices for these purposes, dendrimers are excellent candidates for that. These molecules have been used as drug delivery systems and exhibit interesting properties, like the possibility to perform chemical modifications on dendrimers surface, the capacity of storage high concentrations of compounds of interest in the same molecule and the ability to improve the solubility and the biocompatibility of the compounds bonded to it. This review emphasizes the recent progress in the development and in the biological applications of different NO-releasing dendrimers and the nitric oxide release pathways in these compounds.

scholarly journals Nanocellulose in Drug Delivery and Antimicrobially Active Materials

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2825
Author(s):  
Kaja Kupnik ◽  
Mateja Primožič ◽  
Vanja Kokol ◽  
Maja Leitgeb
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Natural Sources

In recent years, nanocellulose (NC) has also attracted a great deal of attention in drug delivery systems due to its unique physical properties, specific surface area, low risk of cytotoxicity, and excellent biological properties. This review is focused on nanocellulose based systems acting as carriers to be used in drug or antimicrobial delivery by providing different but controlled and sustained release of drugs or antimicrobial agents, respectively, thus showing potential for different routes of applications and administration. Microorganisms are increasingly resistant to antibiotics, and because, generally, the used metal or metal oxide nanoparticles at some concentration have toxic effects, more research has focused on finding biocompatible antimicrobial agents that have been obtained from natural sources. Our review contains the latest research from the last five years that tested nanocellulose-based materials in the field of drug delivery and antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals OVERVIEW ON METHODS OF SYNTHESIS OF NANOPARTICLES

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
NILESH PATIL ◽  
RAJVEER BHASKAR ◽  
VISHAL VYAVHARE ◽  
RAHUL DHADGE ◽  
VAISHNAVI KHAIRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Synthesis Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis

In recent years, interest in the development of novel drug delivery systems using nanoparticles has gained more attention. The nanoparticles offer several advantages over other conventional drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles have gained importance in technological advancements due to their modifiable physical, chemical and biological properties with improved performance over their bulk foils. Nanoparticles can simply move in the body due to their small size and reach very complex organs through diverse routes. The high stability, controlled drug release makes nanoparticles the most suitable drug delivery system. Along with all these advantages, they offer variety in routes of administration. Both hydrophilic, as well as hydrophobic drugs, can be delivered in the form of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles have been used as a physical approach to modify and advance the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics possessions of various types of drug molecules. Thesol-gel technique is a stress-free and very inexpensive process to formulate metal oxides and permits control over the doping process or adding of transition metals, as related to other research techniques. The study of different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles is essential to obtain desired nanoparticles with specific sizes and shapes. They are suitable candidates for various marketable and local applications, which include imaging, catalysis medical applications and environmental applications. This review mainly focuses on approaches used for the production of nanoparticles and different methods of synthesis of nanoparticles such as physical, chemical and biological method.

scholarly journals Lecithin-Based Dermal Drug Delivery for Anti-Pigmentation Maize Ceramide

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiro Kagotani ◽  
Hiroko Nakayama ◽  
Liqing Zang ◽  
Yuki Fujimoto ◽  
Akihito Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Nile Red ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Zebrafish Larvae ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Dermal Delivery ◽  
Dermal Drug Delivery

Ceramides have several well-known biological properties, including anti-pigmentation and anti-melanogenesis, which make them applicable for use in skincare products in cosmetics. However, the efficacy of ceramides is still limited. Dermal or transdermal drug delivery systems can enhance the anti-pigmentation properties of ceramides, although there is currently no systemic evaluation method for the efficacy of these systems. Here we prepared several types of lecithin-based emulsion of maize-derived glucosylceramide, determining PC70-ceramide (phosphatidylcholine-base) to be the safest and most effective anti-pigmentation agent using zebrafish larvae. We also demonstrated the efficacy of PC70 as a drug delivery system by showing that PC70-Nile Red (red fluorescence) promoted Nile Red accumulation in the larval bodies. In addition, PC70-ceramide suppressed melanin in mouse B16 melanoma cells compared to ceramide alone. In conclusion, we developed a lecithin-based dermal delivery method for ceramide using zebrafish larvae with implications for human clinical use.

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