scholarly journals Overweight, Waist Circumference, Age, Gender, and Insulin Resistance as Risk Factors for Hyperleptinemia

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez ◽  
Ángel García-Sánchez ◽  
Martha Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
Rosa Elba Galván-Duarte ◽  
María Eugenia Fonseca-Yerena
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference

Associations between heart rate variability, metabolic syndrome risk factors, and insulin resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie I. Stuckey ◽  
Antti Kiviniemi ◽  
Dawn P. Gill ◽  
J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽  
Robert J. Petrella
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Poincaré Plot

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in heart rate variability (HRV) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to determine associations between HRV parameters, MetS risk factors, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). Participants (n = 220; aged 23–70 years) were assessed for MetS risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and 5-min supine HRV (time and frequency domain and nonlinear). HRV was compared between those with 3 or more (MetS+) and those with 2 or fewer MetS risk factors (MetS–). Multiple linear regression models were built for each HRV parameter to investigate associations with MetS risk factors and HOMA-IR. Data with normal distribution are presented as means ± SD and those without as median [interquartile range]. In women, standard deviation of R–R intervals 38.0 [27.0] ms, 44.5 [29.3] ms; p = 0.020), low-frequency power (5.73 ± 1.06 ln ms2, 6.13 ± 1.05 ln ms2; p = 0.022), and the standard deviation of the length of the Poincaré plot (46.8 [31.6] ms, 58.4 [29.9] ms; p = 0.014) were lower and heart rate was higher (68 [13] beats/min, 64 [12] beats/min; p = 0. 018) in MetS+ compared with MetS–, with no differences in men. Waist circumference was most commonly associated with HRV, especially frequency domain parameters. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate. In conclusion, MetS+ women had a less favourable HRV profile than MetS– women, but there were no differences in men. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate, not HRV.

scholarly journals C-reactive protein and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese children and adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anajás da Silva Cardoso ◽  
Renata Oliveira Cardoso ◽  
Danielle Franklin de Carvalho ◽  
Neusa Collet ◽  
Carla Campos Muniz Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Severe Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between ultrasensitive C-reactive protein and cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight or obese childrenand adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted at the Center for Childhood Obesity in the period from April 2009 to April 2010, involving 185 overweight children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years. Measures of ultrasensitive C-reactive protein according to age, nutritional status, gender, race, cardiometabolic risk factors (waist circumference, lipid profile, impaired fasting glucose, high blood pressure and presence of insulin resistance) were compared through the Chi-square test and analysis of variance. All analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 17.0, adopting a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Altered high-density lipoprotein was the most frequent cardiometabolic risk factor, and there was a significant association between altered ultrasensitive C-reactive protein values and severe obesity (p=0.005), high waist circumference (p<0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.037) and insulin resistance (p=0.002), as well as significantly higher body mass index (p=0.000), waist circumference (p=0.001), insulin (p=0.005) and index of glucose homeostasis values(p=0.005). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of altered ultrasensitive C-reactive protein and significant association with severe obesity, waist circumference, hypertriglyceridemia and insulin resistance were observed.

scholarly journals Circulating adiponectin levels and cardiovascular risk factors in acromegalic patients

2004 ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Ronchi ◽  
S Corbetta ◽  
V Cappiello ◽  
PS Morpurgo ◽  
C Giavoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Duration Of Disease

OBJECTIVE: Adiponectin (ApN) is an adipocytokine expressed in human adipose cells with anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties that plays a role in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate ApN secretion in patients with acromegaly, a chronic disease associated with insulin resistance and increased cardiovascular mortality, and to correlate ApN levels with hormonal, metabolic and cardiovascular parameters. DESIGN AND METHODS: The study included 32 patients with active acromegaly (11 male and 21 female, aged 48+/-11 years, duration of disease: 8+/-6 years, GH: 9.2+/-9.8 microg/l, IGF-I: 80+/-33 nmol/l (means+/-s.d.)) and 38 control subjects sex- and body mass index (BMI)-matched. In all subjects, serum ApN, leptin and ghrelin levels, BMI, waist circumference, insulin resistance (assessed by homeostasis model assessment and the quantitative insulin check index), lipid profile and blood pressure values were evaluated. RESULTS: Acromegalic patients and control subjects had similar ApN levels (9.4+/-3.5 vs 9.5+/-4.0 mg/l, NS), while when considering obese subjects acromegalic patients had ApN levels significantly higher than controls (10.2+/-4 vs 7.5+/-3 mg/l, P<0.05). No significant correlation between ApN and GH/IGF-I levels or duration of disease was found. ApN concentrations negatively correlated with BMI, waist circumference, glucose and diastolic blood pressure and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and ghrelin in controls, while all these correlations were lost in acromegalic patients. CONCLUSIONS: We provide evidence that, although metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities are present in most acromegalic patients, in these subjects ApN levels are not reduced and, contrary to what is found in BMI-matched controls, do not correlate with cardiovascular risk factors. These data support the view that atherosclerosis is not the main determinant of cardiovascular mortality in acromegaly and suggest a permissive action of GH and/or IGF-I excess on ApN secretion.

scholarly journals Do Behavioral Risk Factors for Prediabetes and Insulin Resistance Differ across the Socioeconomic Gradient? Results from a Community-Based Epidemiologic Survey

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
May H. Yang ◽  
Sue A. Hall ◽  
Rebecca S. Piccolo ◽  
Nancy N. Maserejian ◽  
John B. McKinlay
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Behavioral Risk Factors ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes

To examine whether behavioral risk factors associated with diabetes (diet, BMI, waist circumference, physical activity, and sleep duration) are also related to both prediabetes and insulin resistance (IR), we used data from Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey (2010–2012,n=3155). Logistic and linear regression models were used to test the association of lifestyle factors with prediabetes status, insulin resistance, and prediabetes or insulin resistance. All regression models were stratified by education and income levels (to examine whether risk factors had differential effects across socioeconomic factors) and adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, family history of diabetes, and smoking status. We found that large waist circumference was consistently associated with higher levels of insulin resistance (IR) and increased odds of prediabetes. While the association between large waist circumference and IR was consistent across all levels of SES(P<0.001), the association between large waist circumference and prediabetes was only statistically significant in the highest socioeconomic strata with odds ratios of 1.68 (95% CI 1.07–2.62) and 1.88 (95% CI 1.22–2.92) for postgraduate degree and income strata, respectively. There was no association between diet, physical activity, sleep duration, and the presence of multiple risk factors and prediabetes or IR within SES strata.

scholarly journals HOMA-IR Levels in US Youth Ages 12–18 Years From 1999–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A451-A451
Author(s):  
Vidhu V Thaker ◽  
Shuliang Deng ◽  
Chuhan Zhou ◽  
Brady West ◽  
Yajuan Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Quadratic Term ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Abstract Introduction: The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is a validated surrogate measure of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function for epidemiological studies. Insulin resistance is closely associated with obesity and shares dysmetabolic state with other cardiometabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the change in HOMA-IR levels in US youth from 1999 to 2018. Methods: Serial cross-sectional data of fasting insulin and glucose levels measured in youth aged 12 to 18 years enrolled in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys representative of US population from 1999 to 2018 were used. Two-year survey cycles were combined to derive 4-year survey periods, and NHANES recommended adjustments were made for glucose and insulin levels for forward conversion to 2017–18 instrument levels. Median HOMA-IR was compared across the survey periods in subgroups by age, gender, race/ethnicity and levels of obesity. Association of HOMA-IR with selected cardiometabolic risk factors was assessed. Change of HOMA-IR levels were analyzed using design adjusted multivariable regression models, association of HOMA-IR with cardiometabolic risk factors was assessed and percentiles were derived. Results: In an analysis of 5,541 youth, the unadjusted median HOMA-IR increased from 1.83 (95% CI 1.77–1.89) in 1999-02 to 2.41 (95% CI 2.29–2.54) in 2007–10 and has remained in this range till 2015–18. Youth with obesity (Body mass index &gt; 95th percentile or waist circumference &gt; 90th percentile), female gender, those of Hispanic and Black origin, and those aged 12–16 years had higher levels of HOMA-IR (p &lt;.001). While adjusting for age category, sex, race/ethnicity, obesity represented by waist circumference z-score with its quadratic term and interaction with gender, HOMA-IR increased by 26% (95% CI 15–37) in 2015–18 as compared to 1999-02. For waist-circumference z-score (WCZ) &gt; 1, the HOMA-IR levels were higher in boys compared to girls. The addition of total body fat from DXA scans in the model, when available, explained the variance related to gender, but not the interaction between gender and WCZ. No change was observed in the higher levels of HOMA-IR by ethnicity when high sensitivity CRP level as a measure of inflammation was added to the model. There was a positive association of HOMA-IR with triglycerides (29 %/unit, 95% CI 25–33), non-HDL cholesterol (8 %/unit, 95% CI 6–10), systolic blood pressure (2% /unit, 95% CI 1–2) and alanine transferase (11 %/unit, 95% CI 8–14) while controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, obesity and survey period. In youth with BMI between 5-85th percentile, HOMA-IR decreased with increase in age from 12 to 18 years. Conclusions: HOMA-IR levels in US youth have increased since 1999-02 and may herald future cardiometabolic risks.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in different populations: A clinical and epidemiological study – sample of São José do Rio Preto

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Costa de Andrade ◽  
Luciana Harumi Fujise ◽  
Jaime Euclides de Santana Filho ◽  
Fabiane Oliveira ◽  
Rita de Cássia Martins Alves da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

SUMMARY Introduction: NAFLD is an heterogeneous condition that includes steatosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), in the absence of significant alcohol consumption, reaching 30% of the population. The most common risk factors are: age, gender, ethnicity, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity, predisposition, metabolic syndrome (MS), insulin resistance (IR), drugs, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Objective: To describe the profile of patients with NAFLD seen at Hospital de Base of Rio Preto, in the state of São Paulo. Method: Patients with NAFLD were assessed, with medical and epidemiological data collected after informed consent. Results: Of the 62 patients evaluated, 76% were women, 73% Caucasians, and 71% were aged between 50 and 69 years and had no symptoms. Ultrasonography results showed steatosis in 84%. NASH was diagnosed in 61% of the sample. 21 patients underwent liver biopsy, of which 36% had cirrhosis, 1 had liver cancer, and 1 pure steatosis (5% each). Risk factors were found in 70% of patients with metabolic syndrome, 87% with increased waist circumference, 63% with dyslipidemia, 61% (n=38) with high blood pressure (HBP), 28% with DM, 52% physically inactive, and 44% with insulin resistance (IR) (HOMA> 3.5). There was an association between IR and NASH (p=0.013), IR and obesity (p=0.027), IR and MS (p=0.006), and MS and steatosis on medical ultrasound (USG) (p=0.014). Conclusion: The most frequent risk factors were MS and its variables: increased waist circumference, dyslipidemia and HBP. This underscores the importance of metabolic control in NAFLD and confirms its role as the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome.

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