scholarly journals High Visceral Fat Mass and High Liver Fat Are Associated with Resistance to Lifestyle Intervention*

Obesity ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Thamer ◽  
Juergen Machann ◽  
Norbert Stefan ◽  
Michael Haap ◽  
Silke Schäfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
High Liver

scholarly journals Associations of Hair Cortisol Concentrations with General and Organ Fat Measures in Childhood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florianne O L Vehmeijer ◽  
Susana Santos ◽  
Romy Gaillard ◽  
Yolanda B de Rijke ◽  
Trudy Voortman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Fat Mass Index ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fat Fraction

Abstract Context Stress may lead to an adverse body fat distribution from childhood onwards. Objective To examine the associations of hair cortisol concentration (HCC) at 6 years with general and organ fat measures, risk of overweight, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) at 10 years and to assess whether these were independent of adiposity measures at 6 years. Design, Setting and participants HCCs were measured in hair of 6-year-old children (n = 2042) participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study. Main Outcome Measures Body mass index (BMI), fat mass index measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and visceral fat index, pericardial fat index, liver fat fraction measured by magnetic resonance imaging and risk of overweight and NAFLD were obtained at 10 years. Results The associations of higher HCC at 6 years, with higher BMI, fat mass index, and increased risk of overweight at age 10 years are explained by the relationships observed at 6 years. HCCs at 6 years were associated with a higher liver fat fraction (difference 0.11 liver fat fraction standard deviation score; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03, 0.18) and a higher risk of NAFLD at 10 years (odds ratio 1.95; 95% CI 1.06, 3.56), independent of fat mass index at 6 years. HCCs were not associated with pericardial or visceral fat indices. Conclusions Higher HCCs at 6 years were associated with higher BMI, fat mass index, liver fat fraction, and higher risks of overweight and NAFLD at 10 years. Only the associations for liver fat fraction and NAFLD were independent of fat mass index at 6 years.

scholarly journals Elevated Circulating Glutamate Is Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis Independently of Established Risk Markers: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lehn-Stefan ◽  
Andreas Peter ◽  
Jürgen Machann ◽  
Fritz Schick ◽  
Elko Randrianarisoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Elevated plasma glutamate levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because plasma glutamate levels are also strongly associated with visceral adiposity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and high circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), it is unknown to what extent elevated circulating glutamate is an independent marker of an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Methods Plasma levels of glutamate and BCAAs were measured in 102 individuals who were precisely phenotyped for body fat mass and distribution (magnetic resonance [MR] tomography), liver fat content (1H-MR spectroscopy), insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp [N = 57]), and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT). Results Plasma glutamate levels, adjusted for age, sex, body fat mass, and visceral fat mass, correlated positively with liver fat content and cIMT (all std β ≥ .22, all P ≤ .023) and negatively with insulin sensitivity (std β ≤ –.31, P ≤ .002). Glutamate levels also were associated with cIMT, independently of additional adjustment for liver fat content, insulin sensitivity and BCAAs levels (std β ≥ .24, P ≤ .02). Furthermore, an independent positive association of glutamate and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels was observed (N = 50; std β = .39, P = .03). Although glutamate, adjusted for age, sex, body fat mass, and visceral fat mass, also correlated positively with cIMT in this subgroup (std β = .31, P = .02), after additional adjustment for the parameters liver fat content, insulin sensitivity, BCAAs, or IL-6 levels, adjustment for IL-6 most strongly attenuated this relationship (std β = .28, P = .05). Conclusions Elevated plasma glutamate levels are associated with increased cIMT, independently of established CVD risk factors, and this relationship may in part be explained by IL-6-associated subclinical inflammation.

Childhood adiposity associated with expanded effector memory CD8 + and Vδ2 +Vγ9 + T cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten I M Looman ◽  
Susana Santos ◽  
Henriette A Moll ◽  
Charlotte W E Leijten ◽  
Christina Grosserichter-Wagener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Gynoid Fat ◽  
Fat Mass Ratio

Abstract Context Adult obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and may give rise to future chronic disease. However, it is unclear whether adiposity-related inflammation is already apparent at young age. Objective To study associations between child’s adiposity measures with circulating monocytes and naive and memory subsets in CD4, CD8, and γδ T-cell lineages. Design, setting, participants 890 ten-year-old children from the Generation R Cohort were subjected to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging for body composition (BMI, fat mass index (FMI), android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio, visceral fat index, liver fat fraction). Main outcome measures Blood sampling for detailed immunophenotyping of leukocytes by 11-color-flow cytometry at 10 years. Results The following statistically significant associations were observed: 1SD increase in total FMI was associated with +8.4% (95%CI 2.0;15.2) Vδ2 +Vγ9 + and +7.4% (95%CI 2.4;12.5) CD8 +TEMRO cell numbers. 1SD increase in visceral fat index was associated with +10.7% (95%CI 3.3;18.7) Vδ2 +Vγ9 + and +8.3% (95%CI 2.6;14.4) CD8 +TEMRO cell numbers. Higher android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio was only associated with higher Vδ2 +Vγ9 + T cells. Liver fat was associated with higher CD8 +TEMRO cells but not with Vδ2 +Vγ9 + T cells. Only liver fat was associated with lower Th17 cell numbers: 1SD increase was associated with -8.9% (95%CI -13.7;-3.7) Th17 cells. No associations for total CD8 +, CD4 + T cells or monocytes were observed. BMI was not associated with immune cells. Conclusion Higher Vδ2 +Vγ9 + and CD8 +TEMRO cell numbers in children with higher visceral fat index could reflect that adiposity-related inflammation is present in children with adiposity of a general population.

AP2-microRNA-26a overexpression reduces visceral fat mass and blood lipids

2021 ◽  
pp. 111217
Author(s):  
Hailuan Zeng ◽  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Xinping Ren ◽  
Nan Xia ◽  
Sheng Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Blood Lipids

Relationship between Visceral Fat and PAI-1 in Overweight Men and Women before and after Weight Loss

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 1490-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kockx ◽  
R. Leenen ◽  
J. Seidell ◽  
H. M. G. Princen ◽  
T. Kooistra
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Pai 1

SummaryThis study was aimed at evaluating the relationship between visceral fat accumulation and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in healthy, obese men and women undergoing weight loss therapy. The subjects, 25 men and 25 premenopausal women, aged between 26 and 49 years, with an initial body mass index between 28 and 38 kg/m2, received a controlled diet for 13 weeks providing a 4.2 MJ/day energy deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat. Our results show that before weight loss visceral fat was significantly correlated with PAI-1 in men (r = 0.45; p <0.05), but not in women (r = -0.15; ns). The association between visceral fat and PAI-1 in men remained significant after adjustment for age and total fat mass, and multiple linear regression analysis showed a significant independent contribution of visceral fat to plasma PAI-1 levels. Both visceral fat areas and PAI-1 levels decreased significantly with weight loss in both men and women. Changes in visceral fat area were related to changes in PAI-1 in women (r = -0.43; p = 0.05) but not in men (r = -0.01; ns); however, this association in women disappeared after adjustment for total fat mass. We conclude that there is a relationship between visceral fat and PAI-1 in obese men but not in obese women, and that PAI-1 levels decrease substantially (52%) by weight loss, but this change is not related to changes in visceral fat mass per se.

scholarly journals Influence of methyltestosterone postmenopausal therapy on plasma lipids, inflammatory factors, glucose metabolism and visceral fat: a randomized study

2006 ◽  
Vol 154 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenora M Camarate S M Leão ◽  
Mônica Peres C Duarte ◽  
Dalva Margareth B Silva ◽  
Paulo Roberto V Bahia ◽  
Cláudia Medina Coeli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: There has been a growing interest in treating postmenopausal women with androgens. However, hyperandrogenemia in females has been associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: We aimed to assess the effects of androgen replacement on cardiovascular risk factors. Design: Thirty-seven postmenopausal women aged 42–62 years that had undergone hysterectomy were prospectively enrolled in a double-blind protocol to receive, for 12 months, percutaneous estradiol (E2) (1 mg/day) combined with either methyltestosterone (MT) (1.25 mg/day) or placebo. Methods: Along with treatment, we evaluated serum E2, testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index, lipids, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein; glucose tolerance; insulin resistance; blood pressure; body-mass index; and visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat mass as assessed by computed tomography. Results: A significant reduction in SHBG (P < 0.001) and increase in free testosterone index (P < 0.05; Repeated measures analysis of variance) were seen in the MT group. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly lowered to a similar extent by both regimens, but high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased only in the androgen group. MT-treated women showed a modest rise in body weight and gained visceral fat mass relative to the other group (P < 0.05), but there were no significant detrimental effects on fasting insulin levels and insulin resistance. Conclusion: This study suggests that the combination of low-dose oral MT and percutaneous E2, for 1 year, does not result in expressive increase of cardiovascular risk factors. This regimen can be recommended for symptomatic postmenopausal women, although it seems prudent to perform baseline and follow-up lipid profile and assessment of body composition, especially in those at high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Liver steatosis coexists with myocardial insulin resistance and coronary dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (2) ◽  
pp. E282-E290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Lautamäki ◽  
Ronald Borra ◽  
Patricia Iozzo ◽  
Markku Komu ◽  
Terho Lehtimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Myocardial Insulin Resistance ◽  
High Liver

Nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) is a common comorbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and links to the risk of coronary syndromes. The aim was to determine the manifestations of metabolic syndrome in different organs in patients with liver steatosis. We studied 55 type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease using positron emission tomography. Myocardial perfusion was measured with [15O]H2O and myocardial and skeletal muscle glucose uptake with 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose during hyperinsulinemic euglycemia. Liver fat content was determined by magnetic resonance proton spectroscopy. Patients were divided on the basis of their median (8%) into two groups with low (4.6 ± 2.0%) and high (17.4 ± 8.0%) liver fat content. The groups were well matched for age, BMI, and fasting plasma glucose. In addition to insulin resistance at the whole body level ( P = 0.012) and muscle ( P = 0.002), the high liver fat group had lower insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake ( P = 0.040) and glucose extraction rate ( P = 0.0006) compared with the low liver fat group. In multiple regression analysis, liver fat content was the most significant explanatory variable for myocardial insulin resistance. In addition, the high liver fat group had increased concentrations of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, soluble forms of E-selectin, vascular adhesion protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( P < 0.05) and lower coronary flow reserve ( P = 0.02) compared with the low liver fat group. In conclusion, in patients with type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease, liver fat content is a novel independent indicator of myocardial insulin resistance and reduced coronary functional capacity. Further studies will reveal the effect of hepatic fat reduction on myocardial metabolism and coronary function.

scholarly journals Association of lower limb muscle mass and energy expenditure with visceral fat mass in healthy men

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shusuke Yagi ◽  
Muneyuki Kadota ◽  
Ken-ichi Aihara ◽  
Koji Nishikawa ◽  
Tomoya Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle ◽  
Healthy Men

scholarly journals Chronic stress induces steatohepatitis while decreases visceral fat mass in mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Zi Liu ◽  
Ji-Kuai Chen ◽  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xia Wang ◽  
Shen Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document