scholarly journals Composition and activity of nitrifier communities in soil are unresponsive to elevated temperature and CO2, but strongly affected by drought

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3038-3053
Author(s):  
Joana Séneca ◽  
Petra Pjevac ◽  
Alberto Canarini ◽  
Craig W. Herbold ◽  
Christos Zioutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Transformation Processes

Abstract Nitrification is a fundamental process in terrestrial nitrogen cycling. However, detailed information on how climate change affects the structure of nitrifier communities is lacking, specifically from experiments in which multiple climate change factors are manipulated simultaneously. Consequently, our ability to predict how soil nitrogen (N) cycling will change in a future climate is limited. We conducted a field experiment in a managed grassland and simultaneously tested the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2, temperature, and drought on the abundance of active ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), comammox (CMX) Nitrospira, and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), and on gross mineralization and nitrification rates. We found that N transformation processes, as well as gene and transcript abundances, and nitrifier community composition were remarkably resistant to individual and interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature. During drought however, process rates were increased or at least maintained. At the same time, the abundance of active AOB increased probably due to higher NH4+ availability. Both, AOA and comammox Nitrospira decreased in response to drought and the active community composition of AOA and NOB was also significantly affected. In summary, our findings suggest that warming and elevated CO2 have only minor effects on nitrifier communities and soil biogeochemical variables in managed grasslands, whereas drought favors AOB and increases nitrification rates. This highlights the overriding importance of drought as a global change driver impacting on soil microbial community structure and its consequences for N cycling.

Enzymology under global change: organic nitrogen turnover in alpine and sub-Arctic soils

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
James T. Weedon ◽  
Rien Aerts ◽  
George A. Kowalchuk ◽  
Peter M. van Bodegom
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Nitrogen Fluxes ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Arctic Soils ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Understanding global change impacts on the globally important carbon storage in alpine, Arctic and sub-Arctic soils requires knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the balance between plant primary productivity and decomposition. Given that nitrogen availability limits both processes, understanding the response of the soil nitrogen cycle to shifts in temperature and other global change factors is crucial for predicting the fate of cold biome carbon stores. Measurements of soil enzyme activities at different positions of the nitrogen cycling network are an important tool for this purpose. We review a selection of studies that provide data on potential enzyme activities across natural, seasonal and experimental gradients in cold biomes. Responses of enzyme activities to increased nitrogen availability and temperature are diverse and seasonal dynamics are often larger than differences due to experimental treatments, suggesting that enzyme expression is regulated by a combination of interacting factors reflecting both nutrient supply and demand. The extrapolation from potential enzyme activities to prediction of elemental nitrogen fluxes under field conditions remains challenging. Progress in molecular ‘-omics’ approaches may eventually facilitate deeper understanding of the links between soil microbial community structure and biogeochemical fluxes. In the meantime, accounting for effects of the soil spatial structure and in situ variations in pH and temperature, better mapping of the network of enzymatic processes and the identification of rate-limiting steps under different conditions should advance our ability to predict nitrogen fluxes.

Pasture management clearly affects soil microbial community structure and N-cycling bacteria

Pedobiologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 237-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Wakelin ◽  
Adrienne L. Gregg ◽  
Richard J. Simpson ◽  
Guandgi D. Li ◽  
Ian T. Riley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Are the interaction effects of warming and drought on nutritional status and biomass production in a tropical forage legume greater than their individual effects?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilier Olivera Viciedo ◽  
Renato de Mello Prado ◽  
Carlos Alberto Martinez ◽  
Eduardo Habermann ◽  
Marisa de Cássia Piccolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Managed Ecosystems

Abstract Climate change effects on natural and managed ecosystems are difficult to predict due to its multi-factor nature. However, most studies which investigate the impacts of climate change factors on plants, such as warming or drought, were conducted under one single stress and controlled environments. In this study, we evaluated the effects of elevated temperature (+ 2°C) (T) under different conditions of soil water availability (W) to understand the interactive effects of both factors on leaf, stem, and inflorescence macro and micronutrients concentration and biomass allocation of a tropical forage species, Stylosanthes capitata Vogel under field conditions. Temperature control was performed by a Temperature Free-Air Controlled Enhancement (T‐FACE) system. We observed that warming changed nutrient concentrations and plant growth depending on soil moisture levels, but the responses were specific for each plant-organ. In general, we observed that warming under well-watered conditions greatly improved nutrient concentration and biomass production, whilst the opposite effect was observed under non-irrigated and non-warmed conditions. However, under warmed and non-irrigated conditions, we observed that leaf biomass and leaf nutrient concentration greatly reduced when compared to non-warmed and irrigated plants. Our findings suggest that warming (2°C above ambient temperature) and drought, as well as both combined stresses, will change the nutrient requirements and biomass distributions between plant aerial organs of S. capitata in tropical ecosystems, which may impact animal feeding in the future.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of multiple climate change factors on ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers in a temperate steppe

2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cui-Jing Zhang ◽  
Ju-Pei Shen ◽  
Yi-Fei Sun ◽  
Jun-Tao Wang ◽  
Li-Mei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizers ◽  
Temperate Steppe ◽  
Change Factors

scholarly journals Long-Term Effects of Biochar-Based Organic Amendments on Soil Microbial Parameters

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brtnicky ◽  
Tereza Dokulilova ◽  
Jiri Holatko ◽  
Vaclav Pecina ◽  
Antonin Kintl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Soil Microbial

Biochar application to the soil has been recommended as a carbon (C) management approach to sequester C and improve soil quality. Three-year experiments were conducted to investigate the interactive effects of three types of amendments on microbial biomass carbon, soil dehydrogenase activity and soil microbial community abundance in luvisols of arable land in the Czech Republic. Four different treatments were studied, which were, only NPK as a control, NPK + cattle manure, NPK + biochar and NPK + combination of manure with biochar. The results demonstrate that all amendments were effective in increasing the fungal and bacterial biomass, as is evident from the increased values of bacterial and fungal phospholipid fatty acid analysis. The ammonia-oxidizing bacteria population increases with the application of biochar, and it reaches its maximum value when biochar is applied in combination with manure. The overall results suggest that co-application of biochar with manure changes soil properties in favor of increased microbial biomass. It was confirmed that the application of biochar might increase or decrease soil activity, but its addition, along with manure, always promotes microbial abundance and their activity. The obtained results can be used in the planning and execution of the biochar-based soil amendments.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Fertilization Practices on Soil Microbial Community in a Wheat–Maize Rotation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 4088
Author(s):  
Yunlong Zhang ◽  
Tengteng Li ◽  
Honghui Wu ◽  
Shuikuan Bei ◽  
Junling Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial Community ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Soil Microbial

Little information is known about the effects of different fertilization practices on soil microbiome in intensively managed crop rotations. The objective of this research was to investigate the response of microbial community composition (phospholipid fatty acid, PLFA) and extracellular enzyme activity to fertilization treatments through a three-year experiment. Treatments were: Control (without fertilizer, CK), chemical fertilizer (NPK), NPK + pig manure (NPKM), NPK + straw (NPKS), and NPK + both manure and straw (NPKMS). We found that fertilization had no effect on the microbial abundance except arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFA. Soil microbial community composition was significantly affected by crop species and to a lesser extent by fertilization, with a greater influence on the wheat harvest. In addition, soil enzyme activities were enhanced by fertilization, especially in wheat season. Over three years, compared with NPK treatment, addition of organic manure or straw (NPKS and NPKMS) significantly increased the activities of the enzymes except invertase and urease, and the effect was greater at wheat harvest than the maize harvest. Our results indicate that the response of soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities to fertilization takes precedence than microbial biomass in the short term. The temporal variation in soil microbial community structure and enzyme activities in the crop rotation indicate that crop species may be carefully considered for sustainable agricultural intensification management.

Dissolved oxygen and temperature best predict deep-sea fish community structure in the Gulf of California with climate change implications

2020 ◽  
Vol 637 ◽  
pp. 159-180
Author(s):  
ND Gallo ◽  
M Beckwith ◽  
CL Wei ◽  
LA Levin ◽  
L Kuhnz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Fish Community ◽  
Demersal Fish ◽  
Fish Community Structure ◽  
Explained Variance

Natural gradient systems can be used to examine the vulnerability of deep-sea communities to climate change. The Gulf of California presents an ideal system for examining relationships between faunal patterns and environmental conditions of deep-sea communities because deep-sea conditions change from warm and oxygen-rich in the north to cold and severely hypoxic in the south. The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) remotely operated vehicle (ROV) ‘Doc Ricketts’ was used to conduct seafloor video transects at depths of ~200-1400 m in the northern, central, and southern Gulf. The community composition, density, and diversity of demersal fish assemblages were compared to environmental conditions. We tested the hypothesis that climate-relevant variables (temperature, oxygen, and primary production) have more explanatory power than static variables (latitude, depth, and benthic substrate) in explaining variation in fish community structure. Temperature best explained variance in density, while oxygen best explained variance in diversity and community composition. Both density and diversity declined with decreasing oxygen, but diversity declined at a higher oxygen threshold (~7 µmol kg-1). Remarkably, high-density fish communities were observed living under suboxic conditions (<5 µmol kg-1). Using an Earth systems global climate model forced under an RCP8.5 scenario, we found that by 2081-2100, the entire Gulf of California seafloor is expected to experience a mean temperature increase of 1.08 ± 1.07°C and modest deoxygenation. The projected changes in temperature and oxygen are expected to be accompanied by reduced diversity and related changes in deep-sea demersal fish communities.

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