scholarly journals Central and peripheral arterial stiffness responses to uninterrupted prolonged sitting combined with a high-fat meal: a randomized controlled crossover trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Fryer ◽  
Keeron Stone ◽  
Craig Paterson ◽  
Meghan Brown ◽  
James Faulkner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIndependently, prolonged uninterrupted sitting and the consumption of a meal high in saturated fats acutely disrupt normal cardiovascular function. Currently, the acute effects of these behaviors performed in combination on arterial stiffness, a marker of cardiovascular health, are unknown. This study sought to determine the effect of consuming a high-fat meal (Δ = 51 g fat) in conjunction with prolonged uninterrupted sitting (180 min) on measures of central and peripheral arterial stiffness. Using a randomized crossover design, 13 young healthy males consumed a high-fat (61 g) or low-fat (10 g) meal before 180 min of uninterrupted sitting. Carotid-femoral (cf) and femoral-ankle (fa) pulse wave velocity (PWV), aortic-femoral stiffness gradient (af-SG), superficial femoral PWV beta (β), and oscillometric pulse wave analysis outcomes were assessed pre and post sitting. cfPWV increased significantly more following the high-fat (mean difference [MD] = 0.59 m·s−1) meal than following the low-fat (MD = 0.2 m·s−1) meal, with no change in faPWV in either condition. The af-SG significantly decreased (worsened) (ηp2 = 0.569) over time in the high- and low-fat conditions (ratio = 0.1 and 0.1, respectively). Superficial femoral PWVβ significantly increased over time in the high- and low-fat conditions (ηp2 = 0.321; 0.8 and 0.4 m·s−1, respectively). Triglycerides increased over time in the high-fat trial only (ηp2 = 0.761). There were no significant changes in blood pressure. Consuming a high-fat meal prior to 180 min of uninterrupted sitting augments markers of cardiovascular disease risk more than consuming a low-fat meal prior to sitting.

Abstract 480: Exacerbation of Arterial Stiffness in Obese Adiponectin Deficient Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megha Murali ◽  
Carla Taylor ◽  
Peter Zahradka ◽  
Jeffrey Wigle
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat Diets ◽  
Fat Diets

Background and Objective: Arterial stiffness is recognized as being an independent predictor of incipient vascular disease associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. In obese subjects, the decrease in the plasma level of adiponectin, an anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic adipokine, is well known. Hence the aim of our study was to examine the effect of loss of adiponectin on the development of arterial stiffness in response to a high fat diet. Methods and Results: Male 8-week old adiponectin knockout (APN KO) and C57BL/6 (control) mice were fed a high fat diet (60% Calories from fat) for 12 weeks to induce obesity and insulin resistance (n=10/group). APN KO and C57BL/6 mice were fed a low fat diet (10% Calories from fat) and used as lean controls (n=10/group). After 12 weeks on the high fat diet, the APN KO mice weighed significantly more than the C57BL/6 mice (45.1±1.3 g vs 40.1±1.1 g, p=0.0008) but there was no difference in the final weights between genotypes fed the low fat diet. APN KO mice on both high and low fat diets for 12 weeks developed insulin resistance as measured by oral glucose tolerance test (Area under curve (AUC) mmol/L х min = 437±70 and 438±57) as compared to the C57BL/6 mice fed low or high fat diets (AUC mmol/L х min = 251±27 and 245±43). Arterial stiffness was determined by Doppler pulse wave velocity analysis of the femoral artery. Pulse wave velocity was increased in APN KO mice fed a high fat diet relative to those fed the low fat diet (12.56±0.78 cm/s vs 9.47±0.95 cm/s, p=0.0035; n=8-10). Pulse wave velocity was not different between C57BL/6 control mice on the low or high fat diets (10.63±0.73 cm/s and 10.86±0.50 cm/s), thus revealing that only mice deficient in adiponectin developed arterial stiffness in response to high fat diet. Conclusions: Potentiation of the vascular stiffness in diet-induced obese APN KO mice indicates that adiponectin has a role in modulating vascular structure and the APN KO mouse models the vascular changes that occur in human obesity and metabolic disorders. Morphometric analysis of the aortic tissues for vessel thickness and expression of extracellular proteins will further validate the potential role of adiponectin on the maintenance of arterial elasticity in addition to its known effect on eNOS mediated vasoprotection.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Effects of Cultural and Psychosocial Factors on Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Risk in Caregivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Rosa Romero-Moreno ◽  
Carlos Vara-García ◽  
Samara Barrera-Caballero ◽  
María del Sequeros Chaparro ◽  
Javier Olazarán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Spousal Caregivers ◽  
Care Recipient ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Child Caregivers ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Dysfunctional thoughts about caregiving (DTAC) and familism (i.e. familistic obligation) were associated with worse caregiver emotional and cardiovascular health in cross-sectional studies. The aim of this study was to longitudinally examine the effects of familism and DTAC on cardiovascular health, considering caregiver kinship adjusting for well-established predictors of cardiovascular health. Study participants were 80 family dementia caregivers. Individual interviews and collection of blood samples were conducted in three yearly assessments. Linear mixed (random effects) regression analysis was performed to examine longitudinal associations of familism, DTAC, and circulating levels of cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, a cytokine and biomarker of cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). Caregiver age, gender, alcohol consumption, body mass index (BMI), hours caring, frequency and reaction of behavioral problems and caregivers’ transitions were used as covariates. Results showed that increases in DTAC, in familism and higher caregiver age were independently and significantly associated with higher levels of IL-6 over time in the group of spousal caregivers. No significant effects were found for any of the other covariates in spousal caregivers. In contrast, increases in BMI and in frequency of behavioral problems were significantly associated with increases in IL-6 over time in adult child caregivers. No significant effects were found for any of the rest of predictors in adult child caregivers. Findings suggest that high level of obligation familism and DTAC may a profile of increased vulnerability for CVD in spousal caregivers. In contrast, problem behaviors of the care recipient may characterize adult child caregivers in terms of an increased CVD risk.

scholarly journals Snack chips fried in corn oil alleviate cardiovascular disease risk factors when substituted for low-fat or high-fat snacks

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽  
Inmaculada Aban ◽  
Aubrey Bosarge ◽  
Barbara Gower ◽  
Kari D Hecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat

scholarly journals Sirt1 overexpression attenuates high-fat diet induced aortic stiffening

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkateswara R. Gogulamudi ◽  
Daniel R. Machin ◽  
Grant Henson ◽  
Anthony J. Donato ◽  
Lisa A. Lesniewski
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Vessel Morphology ◽  
Aortic Stiffening

AbstractIncreased arterial stiffness is a cardiovascular disease risk factor in the setting of advancing age and high-fat (HF) diet induced obesity. Increases in large artery stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), occur within 8 weeks of HF feeding in mice. Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), a NAD-dependent deacetylase, regulates cellular metabolic activity and activation of this protein has been associated with vasoprotection in aged mice. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the effect of global Sirt1 overexpression (Sirttg) on HF diet-induced arterial stiffening. Sirt1 overexpression did not influence PWV in normal chow (NC) fed mice (Sirttg: 263 ± 6 vs WT: 274 ± 7, p=0.28). However, PWV was higher in wild-type (WT) mice (376 ± 22, p<0.04), but not Sirttg (304 ± 2 cm/s, p=0.07), after 12 weeks of HF diet. Despite no effect of Sirt1 overexpression on aortic collagen content in NC (p=0.71), aortic elastin content was higher in Sirttg mice compared with WT mice fed NC diet (P<0.05). Surprisingly, despite increased arterial stiffness, collagen content was lower (p<0.02) and elastin content was unchanged (p=0.05) in the aortas of WT mice after HF. Neither collagen (p=0.18) nor elastin content (p=0.56) were impacted by HF diet in the Sirttg mice. Likewise, there was no difference in wall thickness in NC (Sirttg: 40.7 ± 2 vs WT: 41.6 ± 2, p= 0.78). However, wall thickness was higher in mice WT mice fed a HF diet (51.7 ± 2, p<0.01) and there was no difference in Sirttg mice after HF diet (p=0.66). Similarly, there was no difference in wall-to-lumen ratio in mice fed NC diet (Sirttg: 0.08 vs WT: 0.08, p=0.48) was higher in HF diet fed WT mice (p<0.01), though, HF diet was associated with a higher wall-to-lumen ratio in WT (0.11, p<0.01), but not different in Sirttg mice fed HF diet (0.08, p=0.59). These findings demonstrate a vasoprotective effect of Sirt1 overexpression that limits increases in arterial stiffness and protects against alterations in vessel morphology in response to HF feeding. As such, activation of Sirt1 may be a novel therapeutic target to prevent elevated CVD risk associated with HF-induced aortic stiffening.

scholarly journals Effects of Low-Fat and High-Fat Meals, with and without Dietary Fiber, on Postprandial Endothelial Function, Triglyceridemia, and Glycemia in Adolescents

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrie M. Whisner ◽  
Siddhartha S. Angadi ◽  
Nathan Y. Weltman ◽  
Arthur Weltman ◽  
Jessica Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Postprandial Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Breakfast Cereal ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Postprandial Triglyceride ◽  
Fat Meal

The consumption of fiber-rich foods may negate the deleterious effects of high-fat meals on postprandial triglyceridemia and endothelial function. Despite supportive data in adults, little is known about the effects of high-fat and high-fiber foods on cardiovascular health parameters in pediatric populations. In this crossover trial, male and female adolescents (n = 10; 14.1 + 2.6 years; range 10–17 years) consumed (1) low-fat, low-fiber, (2) low-fat, high-fiber, (3) high-fat, low-fiber, and (4) high-fat, high-fiber breakfast meals in randomized order, each following an overnight fast. Baseline and 4 h post-meal blood was obtained for determination of glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Endothelial function was assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Postprandial FMD was not significantly changed after any meal. However, regression analyses revealed a significant inverse relationship between the change in 4 h triglyceride concentration and change in 4 h FMD for the high-fat, low-fiber meal (β = −0.087; 95% CI = −0.138 to −0.037; p = 0.001) that was no longer significant in the high-fat, high-fiber meal (β = −0.044; 95% CI = −0.117 to 0.029; p = 0.227). Interpretation of these analyses must be qualified by acknowledging that between-meal comparison revealed that the two regression lines were not statistically different (p = 0.226). Addition of high-fiber cereal to the high-fat meal also reduced 4 h postprandial triglyceride increases by ~50% (p = 0.056). A high-fiber breakfast cereal did not attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin responses after consumption of a low-fat meal. While further work is needed to confirm these results in larger cohorts, our findings indicate the potential importance of cereal fiber in blunting the inverse relationship between postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and FMD after consumption of a high-fat meal in adolescents.

scholarly journals Impact of a High Fat Meal Combined with Prolonged Sitting on Central and Peripheral Arterial Stiffness; A Pilot Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Simon Fryer ◽  
Keeron J. Stone ◽  
Craig Paterson ◽  
Meghan A. Brown ◽  
Aitor MartinezAguirre-Betolaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Fat Meal

Markers of arterial stiffness in peripheral arterial disease

VASA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Husmann ◽  
Vincenzo Jacomella ◽  
Christoph Thalhammer ◽  
Beatrice R. Amann-Vesti
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Care Physician ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Assessment Techniques ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Abstract. Increased arterial stiffness results from reduced elasticity of the arterial wall and is an independent predictor for cardiovascular risk. The gold standard for assessment of arterial stiffness is the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Other parameters such as central aortic pulse pressure and aortic augmentation index are indirect, surrogate markers of arterial stiffness, but provide additional information on the characteristics of wave reflection. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is characterised by its association with systolic hypertension, increased arterial stiffness, disturbed wave reflexion and prognosis depending on ankle-brachial pressure index. This review summarises the physiology of pulse wave propagation and reflection and its changes due to aging and atherosclerosis. We discuss different non-invasive assessment techniques and highlight the importance of the understanding of arterial pulse wave analysis for each vascular specialist and primary care physician alike in the context of PAD.

scholarly journals Normal and reference values for cardiovascular magnetic resonance-based pulse wave velocity in the middle-aged general population

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Max J. van Hout ◽  
Ilona A. Dekkers ◽  
Jos J. Westenberg ◽  
Martin J. Schalij ◽  
Ralph L. Widya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
General Population ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Abstract Background Aortic stiffness, assessed through pulse wave velocity (PWV), is an independent predictor for cardiovascular disease risk. However, the scarce availability of normal and reference values for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) based PWV is limiting clinical implementation. The aim of this study was to determine normal and reference values for CMR assessed PWV in the general population. Methods From the 2,484 participants of the Netherlands Epidemiology of Obesity (NEO) study that have available CMR-PWV data, 1,394 participants free from cardiovasculard disease, smokers or treatment for diabetes, hypertension or dyslipidaemia were selected (45–65 years, 51% female). Participants were divided into sex, age and blood pressure (BP) subgroups. Normal values were specified for participants with a BP < 130/80 mmHg and reference values for elevated BP subgroups (≥ 130/80 and < 140/90 mmHg; and ≥ 140/90 mmHg). Differences between groups were tested with independent samples t-test or ANOVA. Due to an oversampling of obese individuals in this study, PWV values are based on a weighted analysis making them representative of the general population. Results Normal mean PWV was 6.0 m/s [95% CI 5.8–6.1]. PWV increased with advancing age and BP categories (both p < 0.001). There was no difference between sex in normal PWV, however in the BP > 140/90 mmHg women had a higher PWV (p = 0.005). The interpercentile ranges were smaller for participants < 55 years old compared to participants ≥ 55 years, indicating an increasing variability of PWV with age. PWV upper limits were particularly elevated in participants ≥ 55 years old in the high blood pressure subgroups. Conclusion This study provides normal and reference values for CMR-assessed PWV per sex, age and blood pressure category in the general population.

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