scholarly journals Sound-driven single-electron transfer in a circuit of coupled quantum rails

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Takada ◽  
Hermann Edlbauer ◽  
Hugo V. Lepage ◽  
Junliang Wang ◽  
Pierre-André Mortemousque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Logic ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Piezoelectric Materials ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Single Shot

Abstract Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) strongly modulate the shallow electric potential in piezoelectric materials. In semiconductor heterostructures such as GaAs/AlGaAs, SAWs can thus be employed to transfer individual electrons between distant quantum dots. This transfer mechanism makes SAW technologies a promising candidate to convey quantum information through a circuit of quantum logic gates. Here we present two essential building blocks of such a SAW-driven quantum circuit. First, we implement a directional coupler allowing to partition a flying electron arbitrarily into two paths of transportation. Second, we demonstrate a triggered single-electron source enabling synchronisation of the SAW-driven sending process. Exceeding a single-shot transfer efficiency of 99%, we show that a SAW-driven integrated circuit is feasible with single electrons on a large scale. Our results pave the way to perform quantum logic operations with flying electron qubits.

Characterization of RF Sputtered ZnO Piezoelectric Films Using Transmission Electron Microscope

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 86-87
Author(s):  
Kemining W. Yeh ◽  
Richard S. Muller ◽  
Wei-Kuo Wu ◽  
Jack Washburn
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Electromechanical Properties ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Saw Devices ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Degree

Considerable and continuing interest has been shown in the thin film transducer fabrication for surface acoustic waves (SAW) in the past few years. Due to the high degree of miniaturization, compatibility with silicon integrated circuit technology, simplicity and ease of design, this new technology has played an important role in the design of new devices for communications and signal processing. Among the commonly used piezoelectric thin films, ZnO generally yields superior electromechanical properties and is expected to play a leading role in the development of SAW devices.

scholarly journals Sapphire: A Configurable Crypto-Processor for Post-Quantum Lattice-based Protocols

2019 ◽  
pp. 17-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Utsav Banerjee ◽  
Tenzin S. Ukyab ◽  
Anantha P. Chandrakasan
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Logic Gates ◽  
Public Key Cryptography ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Modular Arithmetic ◽  
Cmos Process ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Low Power Cmos

Public key cryptography protocols, such as RSA and elliptic curve cryptography, will be rendered insecure by Shor’s algorithm when large-scale quantum computers are built. Cryptographers are working on quantum-resistant algorithms, and lattice-based cryptography has emerged as a prime candidate. However, high computational complexity of these algorithms makes it challenging to implement lattice-based protocols on low-power embedded devices. To address this challenge, we present Sapphire – a lattice cryptography processor with configurable parameters. Efficient sampling, with a SHA-3-based PRNG, provides two orders of magnitude energy savings; a single-port RAM-based number theoretic transform memory architecture is proposed, which provides 124k-gate area savings; while a low-power modular arithmetic unit accelerates polynomial computations. Our test chip was fabricated in TSMC 40nm low-power CMOS process, with the Sapphire cryptographic core occupying 0.28 mm2 area consisting of 106k logic gates and 40.25 KB SRAM. Sapphire can be programmed with custom instructions for polynomial arithmetic and sampling, and it is coupled with a low-power RISC-V micro-processor to demonstrate NIST Round 2 lattice-based CCA-secure key encapsulation and signature protocols Frodo, NewHope, qTESLA, CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium, achieving up to an order of magnitude improvement in performance and energy-efficiency compared to state-of-the-art hardware implementations. All key building blocks of Sapphire are constant-time and secure against timing and simple power analysis side-channel attacks. We also discuss how masking-based DPA countermeasures can be implemented on the Sapphire core without any changes to the hardware.

scholarly journals Quantification of Bolt Tension by Surface Acoustic Waves: An Experimentally Verified Simulation Study

Acoustics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 794-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alhazmi ◽  
Guldiken
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Bolted Joint ◽  
Civil Infrastructures ◽  
Reflected Wave ◽  
Real Area Of Contact ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Real Area

Quantifying bolt tension and ensuring that bolts are appropriately tightened for large-scale civil infrastructures are crucial. This study investigated the feasibility of employing the surface acoustic wave (SAW) for quantifying the bolt tension via finite element modeling. The central hypothesis is that the real area of contact in a bolted joint increases as the tension or preload is increased, causing an acoustical signature change. The experimentally verified 3-D simulations were carried out in two steps: A preload was first applied to the bolt body to simulate the realistic behavior of bolted joint; and the SAW propagation was then excited on the top surface of the plate to reflect from the bolted joint. The bolt tension value was varied between 4 and 24 kN (properly tightened bolt) in the steps of 4 kN to study the effect of the bolt tension. The results indicate an increased reflected wave amplitude and a gradual phase shift, up to 0.5 µs, as the bolt tension increased. Furthermore, the result shows that the distance between the first reflected wave and the source becomes shorter as the preload increases, as hypothesized. A 1.9 mm difference in the distance between the maximum and minimum preload was observed. As part of this study, the simulation results were also compared with the experimental results, and a good agreement between the simulation and experiments was demonstrated.

Control of single-electron tunneling by surface acoustic waves

1994 ◽  
Vol 50 (15) ◽  
pp. 11255-11258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Pekola ◽  
A. B. Zorin ◽  
M. A. Paalanen
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Electron Tunneling ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Single Electron Tunneling

scholarly journals Single-Electron Transport Driven by Surface Acoustic Waves: Moving Quantum Dots Versus Short Barriers

2007 ◽  
Vol 146 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 607-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Utko ◽  
J. Bindslev Hansen ◽  
P. E. Lindelof ◽  
C. B. Sørensen ◽  
K. Gloos
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Surface Acoustic Waves ◽  
Single Electron ◽  
Single Electron Transport
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