scholarly journals Carbon and health implications of trade restrictions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jintai Lin ◽  
Mingxi Du ◽  
Lulu Chen ◽  
Kuishuang Feng ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
High Emission

Abstract In a globalized economy, production of goods can be disrupted by trade disputes. Yet the resulting impacts on carbon dioxide emissions and ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) related premature mortality are unclear. Here we show that in contrast to a free trade world, with the emission intensity in each sector unchanged, an extremely anti-trade scenario with current tariffs plus an additional 25% tariff on each traded product would reduce the global export volume by 32.5%, gross domestic product by 9.0%, carbon dioxide by 6.3%, and PM2.5-related mortality by 4.1%. The respective impacts would be substantial for the United States, Western Europe and China. A freer trade scenario would increase global carbon dioxide emission and air pollution due to higher levels of production, especially in developing regions with relatively high emission intensities. Global collaborative actions to reduce emission intensities in developing regions could help achieve an economic-environmental win-win state through globalization.

Carbon Sequestration: an Answer to the World’s Carbon Dioxide Emission Problem

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis Wettstein
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Oil Well ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Injection ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Reduce Emissions

As of November 2007, 174 parties had ratified the Kyoto protocol signifying a large part of the solution to one of the worlds primary environmental problems; carbon dioxide emissions. Although the United States refused to sign the protocol, their neighbours in Canada were eager to address the issue and sign. However with oil being a major Canadian export, carbon dioxide emission reduction was arguably improbable and unprofitable. With the pressure of reducing carbon dioxide emissions an imminent, carbon sequestration may be the symbiotic solution in satisfying Kyoto, saving the environment and even increasing profitability. Carbon sequestration is the process where carbon dioxide is injected into an oil well in order to increase recovery. With tertiary oil recoveries driving much of the oil business, cheap and efficient recovery methods are invaluable. Presently there is a Canadian operation in Wayburn, Saskatchewan which employs the technique. In addition, Texas and Scandinavian oil companies are using Carbon dioxide injection. If carbon sequestration increases oil recovery it has to be the preferred method. By purchasing carbon dioxide from external sources and recycling their own, companies can reduce emissions while increasing profits. Finally it may be profitable to save the environment. 

Transformacja, wzrost gospodarczy i środowisko przyrodnicze w państwach Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Lech Gruszecki ◽  
Phouphet Kyophilavong ◽  
Bartosz Jóźwik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
The Baltic

After thirty years of transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, we can see differences in the economic development of individual countries. In the paper, we decided to analyse those differences in transformation paths, economic growth and environmental degradation by carbon dioxide emission. The analysis of economic growth covers the years 1995–2017, and for the emission of carbon dioxide, the years 1995–2014. The results of the study show that the transformation in countries closer to Western Europe was faster, which contributed to faster economic growth. It is noticeable that in the following years, this economic growth in this region was stimulated by the process of European integration. What draws today’s attention is the distinctive economic growth of the Baltic States. On the other hand, carbon dioxide emissions in most countries in the region decreased in the analysed period, which has been a positive change. We are aware, however, that the presented analysis and conclusions can be treated only as an introduction to subsequent detailed studies of the environmental Kuznets curve concept.

Energy Use and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Cropland Production in the United States, 1990-2004

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Nelson, ◽  
C.H. Hellwinckel, ◽  
C.C. Brandt, ◽  
T.O. West, ◽  
D.G. De La Torre Ugarte, ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals The Problem of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Closed Coal Mine Shafts – The Overview and the Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-600
Author(s):  
Paweł Wrona ◽  
Józef Sułkowski ◽  
Zenon Różański ◽  
Grzegorz Pach
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Emission Point ◽  
Water Pumping ◽  
Gas Hazard ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Reporting Procedures

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions are a common problem noticed in every mining area just after mine closures. However, there could be a significant local gas hazard for people with continuous (but variable) emission of these gases into the atmosphere. In the Upper Silesia area, there are 24 shafts left for water pumping purposes and gases can flow through them hydraulically. One of them – Gliwice II shaft – was selected for inspection. Carbon dioxide emission with no methane was detected here. Changes in emission and concentration of carbon dioxide around the shaft was the aim of research carried out. It was stated that a selected shaft can create two kinds of gas problems. The first relates to CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Possible emission of that gas during one minute was estimated at 5,11 kg CO2/min. The second problem refers to the local hazard at the surface. The emission was detected within a radius of 8m from the emission point at the level 1m above the ground. These kinds of matters should be subject to regular gas monitoring and reporting procedures.

Driving Factors Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Based on STIRPAT Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 734-737 ◽  
pp. 1910-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Zhi Zhao ◽  
Qing You Yan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Stirpat Model ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Secondary Industry

China is developing at relatively high speed, not only the regional development speed should be focused upon, but also the environmental impact of economic growth should be paid attention to, especially the level change of carbon dioxide emission. To some degree, quantity of carbon dioxide emission has become one of the most important indexes for measuring quality of a nations economic growth. Thus, this thesis is trying to analyze the driving relations between economic growth and carbon dioxide. Upon STIRPAT model, ridge regression method and elasticity theory are applied to analyze the influencing factors of carbon dioxide quantity such as the population quantity, Chinas urbanization process, per capita GDP, energy density and the percentage of the secondary industry. Correspondingly, based on the different influencing variables to carbon dioxide emission quantity, needy measures are brought out to control and decrease emissions. Feasible suggestions are trying to improve Chinas economic development quality.

scholarly journals ENERGY-RELATED CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AGRICULTURE: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BENCHMARKING TECHNIQUES

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Baležentis ◽  
Daiva Makutėnienė
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Undesirable Output ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Desirable Output ◽  
Low Performance

The literature suggests different approaches towards modelling of the environmental impact caused by the production processes. The present paper attempts to establish a framework for multicriteria comparison of agricultural sectors of the European Union Member States and identify the performance gaps in terms of energy-related carbon dioxide emission. The research relies on the two approaches, viz. the by-production approach and the multi-criteria decision making approach. The environmental performance indicators were evaluated in regards to the desirable output (gross value added), inputs, and the undesirable output (carbon dioxide emission). The results indicate that Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Hungary should attempt to improve their carbon factors by implementing cleaner energy technologies. The combinations of by-production sub-indices suggest that productivity gains are more important for Sweden, Belgium, Poland, and France. Czech Republic, Latvia, and Finland are specific with low performance in terms of both the intended production and the undesirable output. The MCDM approach identified similar trends in performance as suggested by country ranking and correlation analysis.

scholarly journals Analysis of monthly CO2 emission trends for major EU Countries: a time series approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Quatrosi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Time Series Approach

<p>The following paper analyses monthly trends for CO<sub>2 </sub>emissions from energy consumption for 31 European countries, four primary fuels (i.e., Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Hard Coal, Lignite) and three secondary fuels (i.e., Gas/Diesel Oil, LPG, Naphta, Petroleum Coke) from 2008 to 2019. Carbon dioxide emission has been estimated following the Reference Approach in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gasses Inventories. Country-specific (e.g. Tier 2) coefficient were retrieved from the IPCC Emission Factor Database and the UN Common Reporting Framework. Data on fuel consumption (e.g., Gross Inland Deliveries) were taken from the Eurostat database. This paper will fill some knowledge gap analysing monthly trends of carbon dioxide emissions for major EU Countries. As the progressive phase-out of carbon is taking place pretty much in all Europe, Crude Oil exerted the largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the period considered. Analysis of selected countries unveiled several clusters within the EU in terms of major source of emissions. As final step, the paper has endeavoured the task of fitting a model for monthly CO<sub>2 </sub>forecasting. The whole series presents two structural breaks and can be explained by an autoregressive model of the first order. Indeed, further speculations on a more appropriate fit and more fuels in the estimation, is demanded to other works.</p>

So You Want a Carbon Tax: How Do You Design It?

2019 ◽  
pp. 99-114
Author(s):  
Gilbert E. Metcalf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
The United States ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Traded Goods ◽  
The Government

This chapter reviews the nuts and bolts of implementing a carbon tax. Invoking principles of administrative simplicity, ease of compliance, and avoidance of design features that dilute the price signal, it gives practical advice on who should be responsible for collecting the tax and remitting it to the government. It explains how the tax should handle the possibility that we can capture and permanently store carbon dioxide emissions and how we should tax emissions related to internationally traded goods so the United States is not disadvantaged in global trade. Finally, it identifies, and warns policymakers away from, various pitfalls in carbon tax design.

scholarly journals Simulation of the Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Various Biofuels and Its Contribution to Technology Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karol Tucki ◽  
Remigiusz Mruk ◽  
Olga Orynycz ◽  
Andrzej Wasiak ◽  
Katarzyna Botwińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Technology Management ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Driving Cycle ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine

Economic progress, development of transport, production of new cars, production of more and more energy, and the combustion of fossil fuels are causing huge changes that are currently occurring in the environment. Ecological problems of the contemporary economy combined with perspectives of resources exhaustion, as well as the need to follow sustainable rules of living, require the search for new fuels. Fuels which can assure their availability and good environmental performance are needed for maintaining sustainable transportation. Knowledge about the behavior of various fuels is necessary for realistic methods of technology management in transportation means and the fuel industry. This paper describes biofuels that can be an addition to petrol or can exist as standalone fuels. A simulation was carried out on an urban vehicle and the tested fuels were petrol 95, ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl ether. For the selected engine a simulation corresponding to that of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test was created using the Scilab package. Based on this simulation, values of carbon dioxide and water vapor emission were determined. The fuel demand for each fuel mixture and the amount of air for the fuels used were also calculated (and verified on the basis of laboratory tests). It was demonstrated that addition of biofuel decreases emission of carbon dioxide, simultaneously increasing emission of water vapor. Biofuel additive also caused an increase in fuel consumption. Unfortunately, in the New European Driving Cycle test being investigated, carbon dioxide emissions in all cases exceeded the permissible level of 130 g CO2/km, which is bad news in the context of the further tightening of norms and standards. The simulation tests confirmed that when using the start/stop system and applying specific additives, the carbon dioxide emission decreases and the consumption of mixtures with the activated start/stop system is smaller. The analyzed problems and results of this analysis become more important in light of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) standard, which became binding from September 2018 and applies to the sale of cars that had been approved prior (in accordance with the New European Driving Cycle standard). Although the NEDC standard appears obsolete the computer model simulating this type of test will be necessary in many cases. It is, however, needed and possible to develop a similar simulation procedure for WLTP tests.

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