scholarly journals Perception of a divergent family of phytocytokines by the Arabidopsis receptor kinase MIK2

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Rhodes ◽  
Huanjie Yang ◽  
Steven Moussu ◽  
Freddy Boutrot ◽  
Julia Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

AbstractPlant genomes encode hundreds of receptor kinases and peptides, but the number of known plant receptor-ligand pairs is limited. We report that the Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase LRR-RK MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR LIKE KINASE 2 (MIK2) is the receptor for the SERINE RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE (SCOOP) phytocytokines. MIK2 is necessary and sufficient for immune responses triggered by multiple SCOOP peptides, suggesting that MIK2 is the receptor for this divergent family of peptides. Accordingly, the SCOOP12 peptide directly binds MIK2 and triggers complex formation between MIK2 and the BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED KINASE 1 (BAK1) co-receptor. MIK2 is required for resistance to the important root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Notably, we reveal that Fusarium proteomes encode SCOOP-like sequences, and corresponding synthetic peptides induce MIK2-dependent immune responses. These results suggest that MIK2 may recognise Fusarium-derived SCOOP-like sequences to induce immunity against Fusarium. The definition of SCOOPs as MIK2 ligands will help to unravel the multiple roles played by MIK2 during plant growth, development and stress responses.

scholarly journals BAK1 Is Not a Target of the Pseudomonas syringae Effector AvrPto

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Xiang ◽  
Na Zong ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jinfeng Chen ◽  
Mingsheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
New Evidence

Plant cell surface-localized receptor kinases such as FLS2, EFR, and CERK1 play a crucial role in detecting invading pathogenic bacteria. Upon stimulation by bacterium-derived ligands, FLS2 and EFR interact with BAK1, a receptor-like kinase, to activate immune responses. A number of Pseudomonas syringae effector proteins are known to block immune responses mediated by these receptors. Previous reports suggested that both FLS2 and BAK1 could be targeted by the P. syringae effector AvrPto to inhibit plant defenses. Here, we provide new evidence further supporting that FLS2 but not BAK1 is targeted by AvrPto in plants. The AvrPto-FLS2 interaction prevented the phosphorylation of BIK1, a downstream component of the FLS2 pathway.

scholarly journals Constitutive activation of leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase signaling pathways by BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 chimera

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Hohmann ◽  
Priya Ramakrishna ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Laura Lorenzo-Orts ◽  
Joel Nicolet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Activation Mechanism ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Protein Ligands ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Receptor Kinase Signaling ◽  
Membrane Signaling

AbstractReceptor kinases with extracellular leucine-rich repeat domains (LRR-RKs) form the largest group of membrane signaling proteins in plants. LRR-RKs can sense small molecule, peptide or protein ligands, and may be activated by ligand-induced interaction with a shape complementary SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE (SERK) co-receptor kinase. We have previously shown that SERKs can also form constitutive, ligand-independent complexes with the LRR ectodomains of BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 (BIR3) receptor pseudokinases, negative regulators of LRR-RK signaling. Here we report that receptor chimaera in which the extracellular LRR domain of BIR3 is fused to the cytoplasmic kinase domains of the SERK-dependent LRR-RKs BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1, HAESA and ERECTA form tight complexes with endogenous SERK co-receptors in the absence of ligand stimulus. Expression of these chimaera under the control of the endogenous promoter of the respective LRR-RK leads to strong gain-of-function brassinosteroid, floral abscission and stomatal patterning phenotypes, respectively. Importantly, a BIR3-GSO1/SGN3 chimera can partially complement sgn3 Casparian strip formation phenotypes, suggesting that GSO1/SGN3 receptor activation is also mediated by SERK proteins. Collectively, our protein engineering approach may be used to elucidate the physiological functions of orphan LRR-RKs and to identify their receptor activation mechanism in single transgenic lines.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis leucine‐rich repeat receptor‐like kinase MIK2 is a crucial component of early immune responses to a fungal‐derived elicitor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Coleman ◽  
Julian Maroschek ◽  
Lars Raasch ◽  
Frank L.W. Takken ◽  
Stefanie Ranf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase

scholarly journals Pathogen-derived 9-methyl sphingoid base is perceived by a lectin receptor kinase in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Keiichiro Nemoto ◽  
Motoki Shimizu ◽  
Akira Abe ◽  
Shuta Asai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Sphingoid Base ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Lectin Receptor ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen

In plants, many invading microbial pathogens are recognized by cell-surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), inducing defense responses; yet how PRRs perceive pathogen sphingolipids remains unclear. Here, we show that the ceramide Pi-Cer D from a plant pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora infestans triggers defense responses in Arabidopsis. Pi-Cer D is cleaved by an Arabidopsis apoplastic ceramidase, NCER2, and the resulting 9-methyl-branched sphingoid base is recognized by a plasma membrane lectin receptor-like kinase, RDA2. Importantly, 9-methyl-branched sphingoid base, which is unique to microbes, induces plant immune responses by interacting with RDA2. Loss of RDA2 or NCER2 function compromised Arabidopsis resistance against an oomycete pathogen, indicating that these are crucial for defense. We provide new insights that help elucidate the recognition mechanisms of pathogen-derived lipid molecules in plants.

scholarly journals The Phloem Intercalated With Xylem-Correlated 3 Receptor-Like Kinase Constitutively Interacts With Brassinosteroid Insensitive 1-Associated Receptor Kinase 1 and Is Involved in Vascular Development in Arabidopsis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Xu ◽  
Joris Jourquin ◽  
Maria Fransiska Njo ◽  
Long Nguyen ◽  
Tom Beeckman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Development ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Intracellular Signal ◽  
Peptide Characterization

Leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs) play fundamental roles in cell-to-cell and plant-environment communication. LRR-RLKs can function as receptors perceiving endogenous or external ligands, or as coreceptors, which stabilize the complex, and enhance transduction of the intracellular signal. The LRR-RLK BAK1 is a coreceptor for different developmental and immunity pathways. In this article, we identified PXY-CORRELATED 3 (PXC3) as a BAK1-interacting LRR-RLK, which was previously reported to be transcribed in vascular tissues co-expressed with PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM (PXY), the receptor of the TDIF/CLE41 peptide. Characterization of pxc3 loss-of-function mutants revealed reduced hypocotyl stele width and vascular cells compared to wild type, indicating that PXC3 plays a role in the vascular development in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, our data suggest that PXC3 might function as a positive regulator of the CLE41/TDIF–TDR/PXY signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Early signalling mechanisms underlying receptor kinase-mediated immunity in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1767) ◽  
pp. 20180310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyang Zhou ◽  
Yan Zhao ◽  
Guozhi Bi ◽  
Xiangxiu Liang ◽  
Jian-Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Heterotrimeric G Proteins ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Immune Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Protein Map ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs), which are single transmembrane proteins belonging to the receptor-like kinase (RLK) and receptor-like protein (RLP) super families, sense microbe- and host-derived molecular patterns to activate immune responses in plants. PRRs associate with co-receptors, scaffold proteins and receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) to form immune receptor complexes at the cell surface, allowing activation of cellular responses upon perception of extracellular ligands. Recent advances have uncovered new mechanisms by which these immune receptor complexes are regulated at the levels of composition, stability and activity. It has become clear that RLCKs are central components directly linking PRRs to multiple downstream signalling modules. Furthermore, new studies have provided important insights into the regulation of reactive oxygen species, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascades and heterotrimeric G proteins, which has not only deepened our understanding of immunity, but also expanded our view of transmembrane signalling in general. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biotic signalling sheds light on smart pest management’.

scholarly journals A leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase gene SbER2–1 from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) confers drought tolerance in maize

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanshuai Li ◽  
Xiaodong Han ◽  
Xinxiang Liu ◽  
Miaoyi Zhou ◽  
Wen Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Metabolism ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Kinase Gene ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase

Abstract Background ERECTA (ER) is a leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase gene (LRR-RLK) encoding a protein isolated from Arabidopsis. Although the regulatory functions of ER genes have been widely explored in plant development and disease resistance, their roles in drought stress responses remain to be clarified. Results In this study, we cloned and characterized two ER genes, SbER1–1 and SbER2–1, from the drought-tolerant model plant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.). Under drought stress, the two genes were expressed in the leaves and stems but not in the roots, and SbER2–1 transcript accumulation in the stem was increased. SbER2–1 was localized both on the plasma membrane and in the chloroplast. Moreover, SbER2–1 expression in Arabidopsis and maize conferred increased drought tolerance, especially in regard to water-use efficiency, increasing the net photosynthetic rate in maize under drought stress. Based on RNA-Seq analysis together with the physiological data, we conclude that the transgenic maize plants have upregulated phenylpropanoid metabolism and increased lignin accumulation under drought stress. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that SbER2–1 plays an important role in response to drought stress. Furthermore, photosynthetic systems and phenylpropanoid metabolism are implicated in SbER2–1-mediated drought stress tolerance mechanisms. The use of genetic engineering to regulate SbER2–1 expression in plants and to breed new varieties tolerant to drought is a research field full of potential.

scholarly journals Structure of the OsSERK2 leucine-rich repeat extracellular domain

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 3080-3086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan McAndrew ◽  
Rory N. Pruitt ◽  
Shizuo G. Kamita ◽  
Jose Henrique Pereira ◽  
Dipali Majumdar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Elongation Factor Tu ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Receptor Kinases ◽  
Significant Conformational Change ◽  
Variable Lymphocyte Receptor

Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinases (SERKs) are leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing integral membrane receptors that are involved in the regulation of development and immune responses in plants. It has recently been shown that rice SERK2 (OsSERK2) is essential for XA21-mediated resistance to the pathogenXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae. OsSERK2 is also required for the BRI1-mediated, FLS2-mediated and EFR-mediated responses to brassinosteroids, flagellin and elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu), respectively. Here, crystal structures of the LRR domains of OsSERK2 and a D128N OsSERK2 mutant, expressed as hagfish variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) fusions, are reported. These structures suggest that the aspartate mutation does not generate any significant conformational change in the protein, but instead leads to an altered interaction with partner receptors.

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