scholarly journals Mimicking efferent nerves using a graphdiyne-based artificial synapse with multiple ion diffusion dynamics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Wei ◽  
Rongchao Shi ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Haiyang Yu ◽  
Jiangdong Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Dynamic Logic ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Artificial Synapse ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Potential Applications

AbstractA graphdiyne-based artificial synapse (GAS), exhibiting intrinsic short-term plasticity, has been proposed to mimic biological signal transmission behavior. The impulse response of the GAS has been reduced to several millivolts with competitive femtowatt-level consumption, exceeding the biological level by orders of magnitude. Most importantly, the GAS is capable of parallelly processing signals transmitted from multiple pre-neurons and therefore realizing dynamic logic and spatiotemporal rules. It is also found that the GAS is thermally stable (at 353 K) and environmentally stable (in a relative humidity up to 35%). Our artificial efferent nerve, connecting the GAS with artificial muscles, has been demonstrated to complete the information integration of pre-neurons and the information output of motor neurons, which is advantageous for coalescing multiple sensory feedbacks and reacting to events. Our synaptic element has potential applications in bioinspired peripheral nervous systems of soft electronics, neurorobotics, and biohybrid systems of brain–computer interfaces.

scholarly journals Graphdiyne-Based Ultra-Responsive Artificial Synapse with Multi-Ion Diffusive Dynamics for Mimicking Efferent Nerves

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Wei ◽  
Rongchao Shi ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Haiyang Yu ◽  
Jiangdong Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Efferent Nerve ◽  
Carbon Allotrope ◽  
Power Efficient ◽  
Artificial Synapse ◽  
Diffusive Dynamics ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract Somatosensory nerves require synapses to respond efficiently and in parallel for receving and transmiting biological signals. The gap between biological systems and conventional electronics needs ionotronics to bridge. However, the exploration of new materials and the systematic construction of ionotronics still pose challenges. Graphdiyne, a highly π-extended two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotrope, has demonstrated potential applications in ionic peripheral systems for its inherent network holes that can be used for rapid and selective transmission of diverse ions. Here, a graphdiyne-based artificial synapse (GAS), exhibiting intrinsic short-term plasticity, has been proposed to mimic the biological signal transmission behaviors. An record-breaking impulse responsiveness (±5 mV) that is an order of magnitude exceeding biological level has been realized for ultra-sensitive and power-efficient brain-inspired applications, with the lowest femtowatt-level consumption (~16.7 fW). Most importantly, GAS is capable of parallelly processing signals transmitted from multiple preneurons and therefore realizing dynamic logics and spatiotemporal rules. In a proof-of-concept demonstration, our artificial efferent nerve, connecting GAS with artificial muscles, completes the information integration of preneurons and the information output of motor neurons, which is advantageous for coalescing multiple sensory feedbacks (e.g., visual and tactile) and reacting to these events. Our synaptic element has potential applications in bioinspired peripheral nervous systems of soft electronics and neurorobotics.

scholarly journals Synchrony and pattern formation of coupled genetic oscillators on a chip of artificial cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (44) ◽  
pp. 11609-11614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Tayar ◽  
Eyal Karzbrun ◽  
Vincent Noireaux ◽  
Roy H. Bar-Ziv
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reaction Diffusion ◽  
Biochemical Networks ◽  
Artificial Cells ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Oscillatory Reactions ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Genetic Oscillators

Understanding how biochemical networks lead to large-scale nonequilibrium self-organization and pattern formation in life is a major challenge, with important implications for the design of programmable synthetic systems. Here, we assembled cell-free genetic oscillators in a spatially distributed system of on-chip DNA compartments as artificial cells, and measured reaction–diffusion dynamics at the single-cell level up to the multicell scale. Using a cell-free gene network we programmed molecular interactions that control the frequency of oscillations, population variability, and dynamical stability. We observed frequency entrainment, synchronized oscillatory reactions and pattern formation in space, as manifestation of collective behavior. The transition to synchrony occurs as the local coupling between compartments strengthens. Spatiotemporal oscillations are induced either by a concentration gradient of a diffusible signal, or by spontaneous symmetry breaking close to a transition from oscillatory to nonoscillatory dynamics. This work offers design principles for programmable biochemical reactions with potential applications to autonomous sensing, distributed computing, and biomedical diagnostics.

scholarly journals Multifaceted roles of microRNAs: From motor neuron generation in embryos to degeneration in spinal muscular atrophy

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Heng Chen ◽  
Jun-An Chen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Motor Neuron ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Two crucial questions in neuroscience are how neurons establish individual identity in the developing nervous system and why only specific neuron subtypes are vulnerable to neurodegenerative diseases. In the central nervous system, spinal motor neurons serve as one of the best-characterized cell types for addressing these two questions. In this review, we dissect these questions by evaluating the emerging role of regulatory microRNAs in motor neuron generation in developing embryos and their potential contributions to neurodegenerative diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Given recent promising results from novel microRNA-based medicines, we discuss the potential applications of microRNAs for clinical assessments of SMA disease progression and treatment.

scholarly journals Circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in spinal muscular atrophy

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628642097995
Author(s):  
Tai-Heng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Homozygous Deletion ◽  
Survival Motor Neuron ◽  
Novel Mirna ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Smn Protein

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a leading genetic cause of infant death, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of particular groups of motor neurons (MNs) in the anterior horn of the spinal cord with progressive muscle wasting. SMA is caused by a deficiency of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein due to a homozygous deletion or mutation of the SMN1 gene. However, the molecular mechanisms whereby the SMN complex regulates MN functions are not fully elucidated. Emerging studies on SMA pathogenesis have turned the attention of researchers to RNA metabolism, given that increasingly identified SMN-associated modifiers are involved in both coding and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) processing. Among various ncRNAs, microRNAs (miRNAs) are the most studied in terms of regulation of posttranscriptional gene expression. Recently, the discovery that miRNAs are critical to MN function and survival led to the study of dysregulated miRNAs in SMA pathogenesis. Circulating miRNAs have drawn attention as a readily available biomarker due to their property of being clinically detectable in numerous human biofluids through non-invasive approaches. As there are recent promising findings from novel miRNA-based medicines, this article presents an extensive review of the most up-to-date studies connecting specific miRNAs to SMA pathogenesis and the potential applications of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for SMA.

Li ion diffusion dynamics on Li oxides and peroxides surfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 208-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.W. Wang ◽  
Z.F. Tian ◽  
C.Y. Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Li Ion

scholarly journals TWO LOW-COST HUMAN COMPUTER INTERFACES FOR PEOPLE WITH SEVERE DISABILITIES

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
MU-CHUN SU ◽  
YANG-HAN LEE ◽  
CHENG-HUI WU ◽  
SHI-YONG SU ◽  
YU-XIANG ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Disabled Persons ◽  
Main Application ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Human Computer Interfaces ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Control

The object of this paper is to present a set of techniques integrated into two low-cost human computer interfaces. Although the interfaces have many potential applications, one main application is to help the disabled persons to attain or regain some degree of independent communications and control. The first interface is a voice-controlled mouse and the second one is an accelerometer-based mouse.

A high-throughput assessment of the adsorption capacity and Li-ion diffusion dynamics in Mo-based ordered double-transition-metal MXenes as anode materials for fast-charging LIBs

Nanoscale ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (48) ◽  
pp. 24510-24526
Author(s):  
Hangyu Wang ◽  
Ziang Jing ◽  
Haoliang Liu ◽  
Xianghui Feng ◽  
Guodong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Anode Materials ◽  
Ion Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Double Transition ◽  
Li Ion

A high-throughput assessment of the electrochemical performance of Mo-based ordered double-transition-metal MXenes as anode materials for fast charging LIBs.

A conversion-type electrochemical artificial synapse for plasticity modulation and dendritic application

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Wei ◽  
Haiyang Yu ◽  
Jiangdong Gong ◽  
Renjie Li ◽  
Hong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Low Power ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Power Consumption ◽  
Memory Enhancement ◽  
Dendritic Integration ◽  
Artificial Synapse ◽  
Potential Applications

A conversion-type electrochemical artificial synapse exhibits potential applications for memory enhancement and dendritic integration; ultra-high sensitivity (3 mV) and extremely low-power consumption (32 fW) could be achieved.

DESIGN AND CONTROL OF A FLAPPER ACTUATED BRAILLE PRINTER BASED ON PC STANDARD INTERFACES

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Huoy-Shyi Tsay ◽  
Fung-Huei Yeh
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Signal Control ◽  
Universal Serial Bus ◽  
Control Module ◽  
Interface Module ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
And Control

A cost-effective and portable Braille printer with low noise is designed in this study. To reach this goal, the compressive printing concept is used and the Braille typesetting, the signal transmission interface module, the signal control module, and the Braille printing cell are designed and integrated. To increase the portability, the Braille printer is designed to use A4 size paper and each page can print at most twenty-four rows and twenty-seven Braille characters in each row. The typesetting of the printing page is designed to contain twenty-seven side-by-side Braille printing cells and each printing cell contains two low cost flapper mechanisms for performing the low noise and cost-effective Braille print. The logic signal control module then controls a total of fifty-four flappers. The logic signals are transmitted through the integrated signal transmission interface module based on two common standard personal computer interfaces: Serial/RS232 and Universal Serial Bus 2.0. Subsequently, the pre-processing software is programmed based on the hardware developed. The integration of the software and hardware is successfully validated, and this newly designed Braille printer can be further used by the visually impaired for self-printing.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document