scholarly journals The E3 ligase MREL57 modulates microtubule stability and stomatal closure in response to ABA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liru Dou ◽  
Kaikai He ◽  
Jialin Peng ◽  
Xiangfeng Wang ◽  
Tonglin Mao
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ◽  
Microtubule Stability ◽  
Dependent Pathway

AbstractRegulation of stomatal movement is critical for plant adaptation to environmental stresses. The microtubule cytoskeleton undergoes disassembly, which is critical for stomatal closure in response to abscisic acid (ABA). However, the mechanism underlying this regulation largely remains unclear. Here we show that a ubiquitin-26S proteasome (UPS)-dependent pathway mediates microtubule disassembly and is required for ABA-induced stomatal closure. Moreover, we identify and characterize the ubiquitin E3 ligase MREL57 (MICROTUBULE-RELATED E3 LIGASE57) and the microtubule-stabilizing protein WDL7 (WAVE-DAMPENED2-LIKE7) in Arabidopsis and show that the MREL57-WDL7 module regulates microtubule disassembly to mediate stomatal closure in response to drought stress and ABA treatment. MREL57 interacts with, ubiquitinates and degrades WDL7, and this effect is clearly enhanced by ABA. ABA-induced stomatal closure and microtubule disassembly are significantly suppressed in mrel57 mutants, and these phenotypes can be restored when WDL7 expression is decreased. Our results unravel UPS-dependent mechanisms and the role of an MREL57-WDL7 module in microtubule disassembly and stomatal closure in response to drought stress and ABA.

Zinc-finger protein MdBBX7/MdCOL9, a target of MdMIEL1 E3 ligase, confers drought tolerance in apple

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengxiang Chen ◽  
Fang Zhi ◽  
Xuewei Li ◽  
Wenyun Shen ◽  
Mingjia Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Zinc Finger ◽  
Zinc Finger Protein ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Ethylene Response Factor ◽  
Finger Protein

Abstract Water deficit is one of the main challenges for apple (Malus × domestica) growth and productivity. Breeding drought-tolerant cultivars depends on a thorough understanding of the drought responses of apple trees. Here, we identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 7/CONSTANS-LIKE 9 (MdBBX7/MdCOL9), which plays a positive role in apple drought tolerance. The overexpression of MdBBX7 enhanced drought tolerance, whereas knocking down MdBBX7 expression reduced it. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) analysis identified one cis-element of MdBBX7, CCTTG, as well as its known binding motif, the T/G box. ChIP-seq and RNA-seq identified 1,197 direct targets of MdBBX7, including ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF1), EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 15 (ERD15), and GOLDEN2-LIKE 1 (GLK1) and these were further verified by ChIP-qPCR and electronic mobility shift assays. Yeast two-hybrid screen identified an interacting protein of MdBBX7, RING-type E3 ligase MYB30-INTERACTING E3 LIGASE 1 (MIEL1). Further examination revealed that MdMIEL1 could mediate the ubiquitination and degradation of MdBBX7 by the 26S proteasome pathway. Genetic interaction analysis suggested that MdMIEL1 acts as an upstream factor of MdBBX7. In addition, MdMIEL1 was a negative regulator of the apple drought stress response. Taken together, our results illustrate the molecular mechanisms by which the MdMIEL1–MdBBX7 module influences the response of apple to drought stress.

scholarly journals Cysteine protease RD21A regulated by E3 ligase SINAT4 is required for drought-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (18) ◽  
pp. 5562-5576
Author(s):  
Yi Liu ◽  
Kunru Wang ◽  
Qiang Cheng ◽  
Danyu Kong ◽  
Xunzhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Cysteine Protease ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Ubiquitin E3 Ligase ◽  
Induced Immunity

Abstract Plants can be simultaneously exposed to multiple stresses. The interplay of abiotic and biotic stresses may result in synergistic or antagonistic effects on plant development and health. Temporary drought stress can stimulate plant immunity; however, the molecular mechanism of drought-induced immunity is largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that cysteine protease RD21A is required for drought-induced immunity. Temporarily drought-treated wild-type Arabidopsis plants became more sensitive to the bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern flg22, triggering stomatal closure, which resulted in increased resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst-DC3000). Knocking out rd21a inhibited flg22-triggered stomatal closure and compromised the drought-induced immunity. Ubiquitin E3 ligase SINAT4 interacted with RD21A and promoted its degradation in vivo. The overexpression of SINAT4 also consistently compromised the drought-induced immunity to Pst-DC3000. A bacterial type III effector, AvrRxo1, interacted with both SINAT4 and RD21A, enhancing SINAT4 activity and promoting the degradation of RD21A in vivo. Therefore, RD21A could be a positive regulator of drought-induced immunity, which could be targeted by pathogen virulence effectors during pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Evolution of chloroplast retrograde signaling facilitates green plant adaptation to land

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 5015-5020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenchen Zhao ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Kai Xun Chan ◽  
D. Blaine Marchant ◽  
Peter J. Franks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Physcomitrella Patens ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Retrograde Signaling ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Stomatal Regulation

Chloroplast retrograde signaling networks are vital for chloroplast biogenesis, operation, and signaling, including excess light and drought stress signaling. To date, retrograde signaling has been considered in the context of land plant adaptation, but not regarding the origin and evolution of signaling cascades linking chloroplast function to stomatal regulation. We show that key elements of the chloroplast retrograde signaling process, the nucleotide phosphatase (SAL1) and 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphate (PAP) metabolism, evolved in streptophyte algae—the algal ancestors of land plants. We discover an early evolution of SAL1-PAP chloroplast retrograde signaling in stomatal regulation based on conserved gene and protein structure, function, and enzyme activity and transit peptides of SAL1s in species including flowering plants, the fern Ceratopteris richardii, and the moss Physcomitrella patens. Moreover, we demonstrate that PAP regulates stomatal closure via secondary messengers and ion transport in guard cells of these diverse lineages. The origin of stomata facilitated gas exchange in the earliest land plants. Our findings suggest that the conquest of land by plants was enabled by rapid response to drought stress through the deployment of an ancestral SAL1-PAP signaling pathway, intersecting with the core abscisic acid signaling in stomatal guard cells.

scholarly journals Downregulating VAC14 in Guard Cells Causes Drought Hypersensitivity by Inhibiting Stomatal Closure

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zong-Qi Wang ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Ju-Hua Wu ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Jun-Min He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Guard Cells ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Scaffolding Protein ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Intracellular Activities

Stomata are a key land plant innovation that permit the regulation of gaseous exchanges between the plant interior and the surrounding environment. By opening or closing, stomata regulate transpiration of water though the plant; and these actions are coordinated with acquisition of CO2 for photosynthesis. Stomatal movement is controlled by various environmental and physiological factors and associates with multiple intracellular activities, among which the dynamic remodeling of vacuoles plays a crucial role. Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2] is critical for dynamic remodeling of vacuoles. Its production requires a PI(3,5)P2-metabolizing complex consisting of FAB1/PIKfyve kinases, SAC phosphatases, and the scaffolding protein VAC14. Although genetic or pharmacological downregulation of PI(3,5)P2 causes hyposensitivity to ABA-induced stomatal closure, whether the effect of PI(3,5)P2 on stomatal movement is cell-autonomous and the physiological consequences of its reduction were unclear. We report that downregulating Arabidopsis VAC14 specifically in guard cells by artificial microRNAs (amiR-VAC14) results in enlarged guard cells and hyposensitivity to ABA- and dark-induced stomatal closure. Vacuolar fission during stomatal closure is compromised by downregulating VAC14 in guard cells. Exogenous application of PI(3,5)P2 rescued the amiR-VAC14 phenotype whereas PI(3,5)P2 inhibitor YM201636 caused wild-type plants to have inhibited stomatal closure. We further show that downregulating VAC14 specifically in guard cells impairs drought tolerance, suggestive of a key role of guard cell-produced PI(3,5)P2 in plant fitness.

scholarly journals E3 ubiquitin ligase-mediated regulation of vertebrate ocular development; new insights into the function of SIAH enzymes

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Warlen Pereira Piedade ◽  
Jakub K. Famulski
Keyword(s):  
Protein Function ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
Critical Time ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Ocular Development ◽  
Seven In Absentia

Developmental regulation of the vertebrate visual system has been a focus of investigation for generations as understanding this critical time period has direct implications on our understanding of congenital blinding disease. The majority of studies to date have focused on transcriptional regulation mediated by morphogen gradients and signaling pathways. However, recent studies of post translational regulation during ocular development have shed light on the role of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). This rather ubiquitous yet highly diverse system is well known for regulating protein function and localization as well as stability via targeting for degradation by the 26S proteasome. Work from many model organisms has recently identified UPS activity during various milestones of ocular development including retinal morphogenesis, retinal ganglion cell function as well as photoreceptor homeostasis. In particular work from flies and zebrafish has highlighted the role of the E3 ligase enzyme family, Seven in Absentia Homologue (Siah) during these events. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of UPS activity during Drosophila and vertebrate ocular development, with a major focus on recent findings correlating Siah E3 ligase activity with two major developmental stages of vertebrate ocular development, retinal morphogenesis and photoreceptor specification and survival.

scholarly journals Amplification of early drought responses caused by volatile cues emitted from neighboring plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jieyang Jin ◽  
Mingyue Zhao ◽  
Ting Gao ◽  
Tingting Jing ◽  
Na Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Induced Volatiles ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Volatile Cues

AbstractPlants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to survive in dynamic environments. Plants can communicate via volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to warn neighboring plants of threats. In most cases, VOCs act as positive regulators of plant defense. However, the communication and role of volatiles in response to drought stress are poorly understood. Here, we showed that tea plants release numerous VOCs. Among them, methyl salicylate (MeSA), benzyl alcohol, and phenethyl alcohol markedly increased under drought stress. Interestingly, further experiments revealed that drought-induced MeSA lowered the abscisic acid (ABA) content in neighboring plants by reducing 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene expression, resulting in inhibition of stomatal closure and ultimately decreasing early drought tolerance in neighboring plants. Exogenous application of ABA reduced the wilting of tea plants caused by MeSA exposure. Exposure of Nicotiana benthamiana to MeSA also led to severe wilting, indicating that the ability of drought-induced MeSA to reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants may be conserved in other plant species. Taken together, these results provide evidence that drought-induced volatiles can reduce early drought tolerance in neighboring plants and lay a novel theoretical foundation for optimizing plant density and spacing.

A review of drought adaptation in crop plants: changes in vegetative and reproductive physiology induced by ABA-based chemical signals

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulai Liu ◽  
Christian R. Jensen ◽  
Mathias N. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Soil Drying ◽  
Drought Adaptation ◽  
Chemical Signalling

This review discusses the role of abscisic acid (ABA)-based drought stress chemical signalling in regulating crop vegetative and reproductive development and its contributions to crop drought adaptation. Increased concentrations of ABA in the root induced by soil drying may maintain root growth and increase root hydraulic conductivity; both lead to an increase in water uptake and thereby postpone the development of water deficit in the shoot. Root ABA is also transported in the xylem to the shoot and is perceived at the acting sites, where it causes stomatal closure and reduced leaf expansion, thereby preventing dehydration of leaf tissues and enhancing the chance for survival under prolonged drought. ABA-based chemical signalling can be amplified by several factors, particularly increased pH in the xylem/apoplast, which retains anionic ABA. Such an increase in xylem pH detected in field-grown maize might have been brought about by reduced nitrate uptake by plants during soil drying. In contrast, xylem sap alkalinisation was not found in soybeans, which depend on fixing nitrogen through their association with Rhizobium japonicum. Evidence has also shown that the xylem-borne ABA can be transported to plant reproductive structures and influence their development, presumably by regulating gene expression that controls cell division and carbohydrate metabolic enzyme activity under drought conditions. The possible involvement of ABA in the up- and down-regulation of acid invertase in crop source (adult leaves) v. sink (young ovaries) organs indicates a crucial role of the hormone in balancing source and sink relationship in plants according to the availability of water in the soil. A novel irrigation technique named partial root-zone drying (PRD), has been developed to allow exploitation of ABA-based drought stress signalling to improve water-use efficiency (WUE) based on its roles in regulating stomatal aperture and leaf expansion. However, little is known about how crop reproductive development is regulated when irrigated under PRD. We suggest that more attention should be paid to the latter aspect as it directly relates to crop yield and quality.

scholarly journals The RING Finger Ubiquitin E3 Ligase OsHTAS Enhances Heat Tolerance by Promoting H2O2-Induced Stomatal Closure in Rice

2015 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 429-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianping Liu ◽  
Cuicui Zhang ◽  
Chuchu Wei ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Mugui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Ring Finger ◽  
E3 Ligase ◽  
Ubiquitin E3 Ligase

scholarly journals Noncanonical role of Arabidopsis COP1/SPA complex in repressing BIN2-mediated PIF3 phosphorylation and degradation in darkness

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (13) ◽  
pp. 3539-3544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jie Ling ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Danmeng Zhu ◽  
Xing Wang Deng
Keyword(s):  
E3 Ligase ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Complex Action ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Strong Stabilization ◽  
Proteasome Pathway

The E3 ligase CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) has been known to mediate key signaling factors for degradation via the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway in both plants and animals. Here, we report a noncanonical function of Arabidopsis COP1, the central repressor of photomorphogenesis, in the form of a COP1/ SUPPRESSOR of phyA-105 (SPA) complex. We show that the COP1/SPA complex associates with and stabilizes PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3 (PIF3) to repress photomorphogenesis in the dark. We identify the GSK3-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) as a kinase of PIF3, which induces PIF3 degradation via 26S proteasome during skotomorphogenesis. Mutations on two typical BIN2 phosphorylation motifs of PIF3 lead to a strong stabilization of the protein in the dark. We further show that the COP1/SPA complex promotes PIF3 stability by repressing BIN2 activity. Intriguingly, without affecting BIN2 expression, the COP1/SPA complex modulates BIN2 activity through interfering with BIN2–PIF3 interaction, thereby inhibiting BIN2-mediated PIF3 phosphorylation and degradation. Taken together, our results suggest another paradigm for COP1/SPA complex action in the precise control of skotomorphogenesis.

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