scholarly journals Curvature in the reproductive tract alters sperm–surface interactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Raveshi ◽  
Melati S. Abdul Halim ◽  
Sagar N. Agnihotri ◽  
Moira K. O’Bryan ◽  
Adrian Neild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Surface Interactions ◽  
Surface Curvature ◽  
Droplet Microfluidics ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Sperm Motion

AbstractThe fallopian tube is lined with a highly complex folded epithelium surrounding a lumen that progressively narrows. To study the influence of this labyrinthine complexity on sperm behavior, we use droplet microfluidics to create soft curved interfaces over a range of curvatures corresponding to the in vivo environment. We reveal a dynamic response mechanism in sperm, switching from a progressive surface-aligned motility mode at low curvatures (larger droplets), to an aggressive surface-attacking mode at high curvatures (smaller droplets of <50 µm-radius). We show that sperm in the attacking mode swim ~33% slower, spend 1.66-fold longer at the interface and have a 66% lower beating amplitude than in the progressive mode. These findings demonstrate that surface curvature within the fallopian tube alters sperm motion from a faster surface aligned locomotion in distal regions to a prolonged physical contact with the epithelium near the site of fertilization, the latter being known to promote capacitation and fertilization competence.

scholarly journals PacBio full-length transcriptome of wild apple (Malus sieversii) provides insights into canker disease dynamic response

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Liu ◽  
Xiaoshuang Li ◽  
Xuejing Wen ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Yu Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Early Response ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Late Response ◽  
Response Mechanism ◽  
Necrotrophic Pathogen ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Malus Sieversii ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Background Valsa canker is a serious disease in the stem of Malus sieversii, caused by Valsa mali. However, little is known about the global response mechanism in M. sieversii to V. mali infection. Results Phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) profiles and transcriptome analysis were used to elaborate on the dynamic response mechanism. We determined that the JA was initially produced to respond to the necrotrophic pathogen V. mali infection at the early response stage, then get synergistically transduced with SA to respond at the late response stage. Furthermore, we adopted Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) full-length sequencing to identify differentially expressed transcripts (DETs) during the canker response stage. We obtained 52,538 full-length transcripts, of which 8139 were DETs. Total 1336 lncRNAs, 23,737 alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites and 3780 putative transcription factors (TFs) were identified. Additionally, functional annotation analysis of DETs indicated that the wild apple response to the infection of V. mali involves plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, flavonoid biosynthesis, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. The co-expression network of the differentially expressed TFs revealed 264 candidate TF transcripts. Among these candidates, the WRKY family was the most abundant. The MsWRKY7 and MsWRKY33 were highly correlated at the early response stage, and MsWRKY6, MsWRKY7, MsWRKY19, MsWRKY33, MsWRKY40, MsWRKY45, MsWRKY51, MsWRKY61, MsWRKY75 were highly correlated at the late stage. Conclusions The full-length transcriptomic analysis revealed a series of immune responsive events in M. sieversii in response to V. mali infection. The phytohormone signal pathway regulatory played an important role in the response stage. Additionally, the enriched disease resistance pathways and differentially expressed TFs dynamics collectively contributed to the immune response. This study provides valuable insights into a dynamic response in M. sieversii upon the necrotrophic pathogen V. mali infection, facilitates understanding of response mechanisms to canker disease for apple, and provides supports in the identification of potential resistance genes in M. sieversii.

PEO-like plasma polymerized tetraglyme surface interactions with leukocytes and proteins: in vitro and in vivo studies

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingchao Shen ◽  
Laura Martinson ◽  
Matthew S. Wagner ◽  
David G. Castner ◽  
Buddy D. Ratner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Interactions ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Modeling High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma using a combination of in vivo fallopian tube electroporation and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing

2021 ◽  
pp. canres.1518.2020
Author(s):  
Katie Teng ◽  
Matthew J Ford ◽  
Keerthana Harwalkar ◽  
YuQi Li ◽  
Alain Sarabia Pacis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Carcinoma ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Carcinoma

MIC-Drop: A platform for large-scale in vivo CRISPR screens

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabi8870
Author(s):  
Saba Parvez ◽  
Chelsea Herdman ◽  
Manu Beerens ◽  
Korak Chakraborti ◽  
Zachary P. Harmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Cardiac Development ◽  
Droplet Microfluidics ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
And Function ◽  
Genome Scale

CRISPR-Cas9 can be scaled up for large-scale screens in cultured cells, but CRISPR screens in animals have been challenging because generating, validating, and keeping track of large numbers of mutant animals is prohibitive. Here, we report Multiplexed Intermixed CRISPR Droplets (MIC-Drop), a platform combining droplet microfluidics, single-needle en masse CRISPR ribonucleoprotein injections, and DNA barcoding to enable large-scale functional genetic screens in zebrafish. The platform can efficiently identify genes responsible for morphological or behavioral phenotypes. In one application, we show MIC-Drop can identify small molecule targets. Furthermore, in a MIC-Drop screen of 188 poorly characterized genes, we discover several genes important for cardiac development and function. With the potential to scale to thousands of genes, MIC-Drop enables genome-scale reverse-genetic screens in model organisms.

scholarly journals Seminal vesicle proteins SVS3 and SVS4 facilitate SVS2 effect on sperm capacitation

Reproduction ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 152 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoya Araki ◽  
Natsuko Kawano ◽  
Woojin Kang ◽  
Kenji Miyado ◽  
Kaoru Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sperm Capacitation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Vesicle Secretion ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

Mammalian spermatozoa acquire their fertilizing ability in the female reproductive tract (sperm capacitation). On the other hand, seminal vesicle secretion, which is a major component of seminal plasma, inhibits the initiation of sperm capacitation (capacitation inhibition) and reduces the fertility of the capacitated spermatozoa (decapacitation). There are seven major proteins involved in murine seminal vesicle secretion (SVS1-7), and we have previously shown that SVS2 acts as both a capacitation inhibitor and a decapacitation factor, and is indispensable forin vivofertilization. However, the effects of SVSs other than SVS2 on the sperm have not been elucidated. Since mouseSvs2–Svs6genes evolved by gene duplication belong to the same gene family, it is possible that SVSs other than SVS2 also have some effects on sperm capacitation. In this study, we examined the effects of SVS3 and SVS4 on sperm capacitation. Our results showed that both SVS3 and SVS4 are able to bind to spermatozoa, but SVS3 alone showed no effects on sperm capacitation. On the other hand, SVS4 acted as a capacitation inhibitor, although it did not show decapacitation abilities. Interestingly, SVS3 showed an affinity for SVS2 and it facilitated the effects of SVS2. Interaction of SVS2 and spermatozoa is mediated by the ganglioside GM1 in the sperm membrane; however, both SVS3 and SVS4 had weaker affinities for GM1 than SVS2. Therefore, we suggest that separate processes may cause capacitation inhibition and decapacitation, and SVS3 and SVS4 act on sperm capacitation cooperatively with SVS2.

scholarly journals Fallopian tube perfusion in ex-vivo and in-vivo laparoscopic hysterectomy specimens: potential application for uterine transplantation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Farag ◽  
Pamela Frazzini Padilla ◽  
Katherine A Smith ◽  
Rebecca Flyckt ◽  
Michael L Sprague ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fallopian Tube ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy ◽  
Uterine Transplantation

scholarly journals RON Mediates Tumor-Promoting Effects in Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Qin Yu ◽  
Jianzhang Wang ◽  
Tiantian Li ◽  
Xinxin Xu ◽  
Xinyue Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nude Mice ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Smad Pathway ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells

Endometrial adenocarcinoma is one of the most prevalent female reproductive tract cancers in the world, and the development of effective treatment is still the main goal of its current research. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a significant part in the occurrence and development of epithelial carcinoma, including endometrial adenocarcinoma. Recepteur d’origine nantais (RON) induces EMT and promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion in various epithelial-derived cancers, but its role in endometrial adenocarcinoma is still poorly studied. The purpose of this study is to verify the overexpression of RON in endometrial adenocarcinoma and to explore its specific roles. RON expression in tumor lesions was verified by immunohistochemical staining, HEC-1B cells were used to construct stable cell lines with RON overexpression or knockdown to investigate the effects of RON on the function of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells, and xenotransplantation experiment was carried out in nude mice to explore the effect of RON on the growth of endometrial adenocarcinoma in vivo. This study revealed that RON could promote the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HEC-1B cells and induce EMT, and these effects were regulated through the Smad pathway. RON overexpression could promote growth of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells in nude mice, while its inhibitor BMS777607 could restrict this role. RON played an important role in endometrial adenocarcinoma and had a potential to become a new therapeutic target for endometrial adenocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Proteomics and metabolomics in cow fertility: a systematic review

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-658
Author(s):  
Nicolas Aranciaga ◽  
James D Morton ◽  
Debra K Berg ◽  
Jessica L Gathercole
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
The Impact

Cow subfertility is a multi-factorial problem in many countries which is only starting to be unravelled. Molecular biology can provide a substantial source of insight into its causes and potential solutions, particularly through large scale, untargeted omics approaches. In this systematic review, we set out to compile, assess and integrate the latest proteomic and metabolomic research on cow reproduction, specifically that on the female reproductive tract and early embryo. We herein report a general improvement in technical standards throughout the temporal span examined; however, significant methodological limitations are also identified. We propose easily actionable avenues for ameliorating these shortcomings and enhancing the reach of this field. Text mining and pathway analysis corroborate the relevance of proteins and metabolites related to the triad oxidative stress-inflammation-disease on reproductive function. We envisage a breakthrough in cattle reproductive molecular research within the next few years as in vivo sample techniques are improved, omics analysis equipment becomes more affordable and widespread, and software tools for single- and multi-omics data processing are further developed. Additional investigation of the impact of local oxidative stress and inflammation on fertility, both at the local and systemic levels, is key towards realising the full potential of this field.

scholarly journals Macrophages, the main marker in biocompatibility evaluation of new hydrogels after subcutaneous implantation in rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 088532822110461
Author(s):  
Tijana Lužajić Božinovski ◽  
Vera Todorović ◽  
Ivan Milošević ◽  
Bogomir Bolka Prokić ◽  
Vladimir Gajdov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Surface Interactions ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Nanocomposite Hydrogels ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Statistical Relevance ◽  
Biomaterial Surface

Biocompatibility of materials is one of the most important conditions for their successful application in tissue regeneration and repair. Cell-surface interactions stimulate adhesion and activation of macrophages whose acquaintance can assist in designing novel biomaterials that promote favorable macrophage–biomaterial surface interactions for clinical application. This study is designed to determine the distribution and number of macrophages as a means of biocompatibility evaluation of two newly synthesized materials [silver/poly(vinyl alcohol) (Ag/PVA) and silver/poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene (Ag/PVA/Gr) nanocomposite hydrogels] in vivo, with approval of the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade. Macrophages and giant cells were analyzed in tissue sections stained by routine H&E and immunohistochemical methods (CD68+). Statistical relevance was determined in the statistical software package SPSS 20 (IBM corp). The results of the study in terms of the number of giant cells localized around the implant showed that their number was highest on the seventh postoperative day (p.o.d.) in the group implanted with Ag/PVA hydrogels, and on the 30th p.o.d. in the group implanted with Ag/PVA/Gr. Interestingly, the number of macrophages measured in the capsular and pericapsular space was highest in the group implanted with the commercial Suprasorb© material. The increased macrophage number, registered around the Ag/PVA/Gr implant on 60th p.o.d. indicates that the addition of graphene can, in a specific way, modulate different biological responses of tissues in the process of wound healing, regeneration, and integration.

scholarly journals An in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the virulence of egg drop syndrome virus for the chicken reproductive tract

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Dhinakar Raj ◽  
S. Sivakumar ◽  
B. Murali Manohar ◽  
K. Nachimuthu ◽  
A. Mahalinga Nainar
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation
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