scholarly journals Rapid evolution of bacterial mutualism in the plant rhizosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erqin Li ◽  
Ronnie de Jonge ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Henan Jiang ◽  
Ville-Petri Friman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Transition ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Fitness Benefits ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractWhile beneficial plant-microbe interactions are common in nature, direct evidence for the evolution of bacterial mutualism is scarce. Here we use experimental evolution to causally show that initially plant-antagonistic Pseudomonas protegens bacteria evolve into mutualists in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana within six plant growth cycles (6 months). This evolutionary transition is accompanied with increased mutualist fitness via two mechanisms: (i) improved competitiveness for root exudates and (ii) enhanced tolerance to the plant-secreted antimicrobial scopoletin whose production is regulated by transcription factor MYB72. Crucially, these mutualistic adaptations are coupled with reduced phytotoxicity, enhanced transcription of MYB72 in roots, and a positive effect on plant growth. Genetically, mutualism is associated with diverse mutations in the GacS/GacA two-component regulator system, which confers high fitness benefits only in the presence of plants. Together, our results show that rhizosphere bacteria can rapidly evolve along the parasitism-mutualism continuum at an agriculturally relevant evolutionary timescale.

scholarly journals Rapid evolution of bacterial mutualism in the plant rhizosphere

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erqin Li ◽  
Ronnie de Jonge ◽  
Chen Liu ◽  
Henan Jiang ◽  
Ville-Petri Friman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Transition ◽  
Transcription Factor Gene ◽  
Growth Cycles ◽  
Factor Gene ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Fitness Benefits

SummaryEven though beneficial plant-microbe interactions are commonly observed in nature, direct evidence for the evolution of bacterial mutualism in the rhizosphere remains elusive. Here we use experimental evolution to causally show that initially plant-antagonistic Pseudomonas protegens bacterium evolves into mutualists in the rhizosphere of Arabidopsis thaliana within six plant growth cycles (6 months). This evolutionary transition was accompanied with increased mutualist fitness via two mechanisms: i) improved competitiveness for root exudates and ii) enhanced capacity for activating the root-specific transcription factor gene MYB72, which triggers the production of plant-secreted scopoletin antimicrobial for which the mutualists evolved relatively higher tolerance to. Genetically, mutualism was predominantly associated with different mutations in the GacS/GacA two-component regulator system, which conferred high fitness benefits only in the presence of plants. Together, our results show that bacteria can rapidly evolve along the parasitism-mutualism continuum in the plant rhizosphere at an agriculturally relevant evolutionary timescale.

scholarly journals Litterbox—A gnotobiotic Zeolite-Clay System to Investigate Arabidopsis–Microbe Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Moritz Miebach ◽  
Rudolf O. Schlechter ◽  
John Clemens ◽  
Paula E. Jameson ◽  
Mitja N.P. Remus-Emsermann
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Clay System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Systemic Responses

Plants are colonised by millions of microorganisms representing thousands of species with varying effects on plant growth and health. The microbial communities found on plants are compositionally consistent and their overall positive effect on the plant is well known. However, the effects of individual microbiota members on plant hosts and vice versa, as well as the underlying mechanisms, remain largely unknown. Here, we describe “Litterbox”, a highly controlled system to investigate plant–microbe interactions. Plants were grown gnotobiotically, otherwise sterile, on zeolite-clay, a soil replacement that retains enough moisture to avoid subsequent watering. Litterbox-grown plants resemble greenhouse-grown plants more closely than agar-grown plants and exhibit lower leaf epiphyte densities (106 cfu/g), reflecting natural conditions. A polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet was used to cover the zeolite, significantly lowering the bacterial load in the zeolite and rhizosphere. This reduced the likelihood of potential systemic responses in leaves induced by microbial rhizosphere colonisation. We present results of example experiments studying the transcriptional responses of leaves to defined microbiota members and the spatial distribution of bacteria on leaves. We anticipate that this versatile and affordable plant growth system will promote microbiota research and help in elucidating plant-microbe interactions and their underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Litterbox - A gnotobiotic zeolite-clay system to investigate Arabidopsis-microbe interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moritz Miebach ◽  
Rudolf Schlechter ◽  
John Clemens ◽  
Paula E. Jameson ◽  
Mitja N.P. Remus-Emsermann
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Growth System ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Clay System ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Systemic Responses

AbstractPlants are colonised by millions of microorganisms representing thousands of species with varying effects on plant growth and health. The microbial communities found on plants are compositionally consistent and their overall positive effect on the plant is well known. However, the effects of individual microbiota members on plant hosts and vice versa, as well as the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we describe ‘Litterbox’, a highly controlled system to investigate plant-microbe interactions. Plants were grown gnotobiotically on zeolite-clay, an excellent soil replacement that retains enough moisture to avoid subsequent watering. Plants grown on zeolite phenotypically resemble plants grown under environmental conditions. Further, bacterial densities on leaves in the Litterbox system resembled those in temperate environments. A PDMS sheet was used to cover the zeolite, thereby significantly lowering the bacterial load in the zeolite and rhizosphere. This reduced the likelihood of potential systemic responses in leaves induced by microbial rhizosphere colonisation. We present results of example experiments studying the transcriptional responses of leaves to defined microbiota members and the spatial distribution of bacteria on leaves. We anticipate that this versatile and affordable plant growth system will promote microbiota research and help in elucidating plant-microbe interactions and their underlying mechanisms.

Molecular imaging of plant-microbe interactions on the Brachypodium seed surface

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuchen Zhang ◽  
Rachel Komorek ◽  
Jiyoung Son ◽  
Shawn Riechers ◽  
Zihua Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Molecular Imaging ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Seed Surface ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Growth Promoting

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) play a crucial role in biological control and pathogenic defense on and within plant tissues, however the mechanism(s) by which plants associate with PGPR to elicit...

scholarly journals Interrogating Plant-Microbe Interactions with Chemical Tools: Click Chemistry Reagents for Metabolic Labeling and Activity-Based Probes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 243
Author(s):  
Vivian S. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Click Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Metabolic Labeling ◽  
Beneficial Microbes ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Growth Metabolism

Continued expansion of the chemical biology toolbox presents many new and diverse opportunities to interrogate the fundamental molecular mechanisms driving complex plant–microbe interactions. This review will examine metabolic labeling with click chemistry reagents and activity-based probes for investigating the impacts of plant-associated microbes on plant growth, metabolism, and immune responses. While the majority of the studies reviewed here used chemical biology approaches to examine the effects of pathogens on plants, chemical biology will also be invaluable in future efforts to investigate mutualistic associations between beneficial microbes and their plant hosts.

scholarly journals Direct Evidence of Two-component Ejecta in Supernova 2016gkg from Nebular Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 902 (2) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Hanindyo Kuncarayakti ◽  
Gastón Folatelli ◽  
Keiichi Maeda ◽  
Luc Dessart ◽  
Anders Jerkstrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Two Component

scholarly journals Sex overrides mutation in Escherichia coli colonizing the gut

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Frazão ◽  
A. Sousa ◽  
M. Lässig ◽  
I. Gordo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Experimental Evolution ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Accelerate Evolution

AbstractBacteria evolve by mutation accumulation in laboratory experiments, but the tempo and mode of evolution in natural environments are largely unknown. Here we show, by experimental evolution of E. coli in the mouse gut, that the ecology of the gut controls bacterial evolution. If a resident E. coli strain is present in the gut, an invading strain evolves by rapid horizontal gene transfer; this mode precedes and outweighs evolution by point mutations. An epidemic infection by two phages drives gene uptake and produces multiple co-existing lineages of phage-carrying (lysogenic) bacteria. A minimal dynamical model explains the temporal pattern of phage epidemics and their complex evolutionary outcome as generic effects of phage-mediated selection. We conclude that phages are an important eco-evolutionary driving force – they accelerate evolution and promote genetic diversity of bacteria.One Sentence SummaryBacteriophages drive rapid evolution in the gut.

Application of treated wastewater for cultivation of carnations

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 457-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Petousi ◽  
N. Stavroulaki ◽  
M. Fountoulakis ◽  
M. Papadimitriou ◽  
E.I. Stentiford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
The Other ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Micro Elements ◽  
Positive Effect

The reuse of domestic wastewater for irrigation of floriculture crops is a very promising option in water-scarce areas. On the other hand, there are concerns about the effect of that kind low-quality water on plant growth. The present work examined the effect of irrigation with several type of treated domestic wastewater on production of carnations. Potted plants were irrigated with primary treated, secondary treated and tertiary treated wastewater as well as with water and water with fertilizer. The results shown that carnations can be irrigated with treated wastewater as the growth and quality of plant is equal or better compared with water. Furthermore, it was found that nutrients and micro-elements contained in treated wastewater had as a result positive effect on characteristics of carnations.

scholarly journals Indoleacetic Acid Levels in Wheat and Rice Seedlings under Oxygen Deficiency and Subsequent Reoxygenation

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav V. Yemelyanov ◽  
Victor V. Lastochkin ◽  
Tamara V. Chirkova ◽  
Sylvia M. Lindberg ◽  
Maria F. Shishova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Oxygen Deprivation ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Positive Effect

The lack of oxygen and post-anoxic reactions cause significant alterations of plant growth and metabolism. Plant hormones are active participants in these alterations. This study focuses on auxin–a phytohormone with a wide spectrum of effects on plant growth and stress tolerance. The indoleacetic acid (IAA) content in plants was measured by ELISA. The obtained data revealed anoxia-induced accumulation of IAA in wheat and rice seedlings related to their tolerance of oxygen deprivation. The highest IAA accumulation was detected in rice roots. Subsequent reoxygenation was accompanied with a fast auxin reduction to the control level. A major difference was reported for shoots: wheat seedlings contained less than one-third of normoxic level of auxin during post-anoxia, while IAA level in rice seedlings rapidly recovered to normoxic level. It is likely that the mechanisms of auxin dynamics resulted from oxygen-induced shift in auxin degradation and transport. Exogenous IAA treatment enhanced plant survival under anoxia by decreased electrolyte leakage, production of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation. The positive effect of external IAA application coincided with improvement of tolerance to oxygen deprivation in the 35S:iaaM × 35S:iaaH lines of transgene tobacco due to its IAA overproduction.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Salt Stress by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria in Hydroponic Leaf Lettuce

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Moncada ◽  
Filippo Vetrano ◽  
Alessandro Miceli
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Leaf Lettuce ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Mediterranean areas with intensive agriculture are characterized by high salinity of groundwater. The use of this water in hydroponic cultivations can lead to nutrient solutions with an electrical conductivity that overcomes the tolerance threshold of many vegetable species. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were shown to minimize salt stress on several vegetable crops but the studies on the application of PGPR on leafy vegetables grown in hydroponics are rather limited and have not been used under salt stress conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the use of plant growth-promoting bacteria to increase the salt tolerance of leaf lettuce grown in autumn and spring in a floating system, by adding a bacterial biostimulant (1.5 g L−1 of TNC BactorrS13 a commercial biostimulant containing 1.3 × 108 CFU g−1 of Bacillus spp.) to mineral nutrient solutions (MNS) with two salinity levels (0 and 20 mM NaCl). Leaf lettuce plants showed a significant reduction of growth and yield under salt stress, determined by the reduction of biomass, leaf number, and leaf area. Plants showed to be more tolerant to salinity in autumn than in spring. The inhibition of lettuce plant growth due to salt stress was significantly alleviated by the addition of the bacterial biostimulant to the MNS, which had a positive effect on plant growth and fresh and dry biomass accumulation of the unstressed lettuce in both cultivation seasons, and maintained this positive effect in brackish MNS, with similar or even significantly higher values of morphologic, physiologic, and yield parameters than those recorded in control unstressed plants.

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