scholarly journals Immune responses to a single dose of the AZD1222/Covishield vaccine in health care workers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Achala Kamaladasa ◽  
Pradeep Darshana Pushpakumara ◽  
Deshni Jayathilaka ◽  
Inoka Sepali Aberathna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

AbstractSeveral COVID-19 vaccines have received emergency approval. Here we assess the immunogenicity of a single dose of the AZD1222 vaccine, at one month, in a cohort of health care workers (HCWs) (629 naïve and 26 previously infected). 93.4% of naïve HCWs seroconverted, irrespective of age and gender. Haemagglutination test for antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBD), surrogate neutralization assay (sVNT) and ex vivo IFNγ ELISpot assays were carried out in a sub-cohort. ACE2 blocking antibodies (measured by sVNT) were detected in 67/69 (97.1%) of naïve HCWs. Antibody levels to the RBD of the wild-type virus were higher than to RBD of B.1.1.7, and titres to B.1.351 were very low. Ex vivo T cell responses were observed in 30.8% to 61.7% in naïve HCWs. Previously infected HCWs, developed significantly higher (p < 0.0001) ACE2 blocking antibodies and antibodies to the RBD for the variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351. This study shows high seroconversion after one vaccine dose, but also suggests that one vaccine dose may be insufficient to protect against emerging variants.

scholarly journals Antibody and T-cell responses to a single dose of the AZD1222/Covishield vaccine in previously SARS-CoV-2 infected and naive health care workers in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandima Jeewandara ◽  
Achala Kamaladasa ◽  
Pradeep D Pushpakumara ◽  
Deshni Jayathilaka ◽  
Inoka Sepali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Blocking Antibodies

Background: In order to determine the immunogenicity of a single dose of the AZD1222/Covishield vaccine in a real-world situation, we assessed the immunogenicity, in a large cohort of health care workers in Sri Lanka. Methods: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was carried out in 607 naive and 26 previously infected health care workers (HCWs) 28 to 32 days following a single dose of the vaccine. Haemagglutination test (HAT) for antibodies to the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the wild type virus, B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and the surrogate neutralization assay (sVNT) was carried out in 69 naive and 26 previously infected individuals. Spike protein (pools S1 and S2) specific T cell responses were measured by ex vivo ELISpot IFNg; assays in 76 individuals. Results: 92.9% of previously naive HCWs seroconverted to a single dose of the vaccine, irrespective of age and gender; and ACE2 blocking antibodies were detected in 67/69 (97.1%) previously naive vaccine recipients. Although high levels of antibodies were found to the RBD of the wild type virus, the titres for B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 were lower in previously naive HCWs. Ex vivo T cell responses were observed to S1 in 63.9% HCWs and S2 in 31.9%. The ACE2 blocking titres measured by the sVNT significantly increased (p<0.0001) from a median of 54.1 to 97.9 % of inhibition, in previously infected HCWs and antibodies to the RBD for the variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 also significantly increased. Discussion: a single dose of the AZD1222/Covishield vaccine was shown to be highly immunogenic in previously naive individuals inducing antibody levels greater than following natural infection. In infected individuals, a single dose induced very high levels of ACE2 blocking antibodies and antibodies to RBDs of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.

scholarly journals Neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant after 3rd mRNA vaccination in health care workers and elderly subjects and response to a single dose in previously infected adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Haveri ◽  
Anna Solastie ◽  
Nina Ekström ◽  
Pamela Österlund ◽  
Hanna Nohynek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Care Workers

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) with major spike protein mutations has raised concern over potential neutralization escape and breakthrough infections among vaccinated and previously SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects. We measured cross-protective antibodies against variants in health care workers (HCW, n=20) and nursing home residents (n=9) from samples collected 1-2 months following the booster (3rd) dose. We also assessed the antibody responses in prior to Omicron era infected subjects (n=38) with subsequent administration of a single mRNA vaccine dose. Following booster vaccination HCWs had high IgG antibody concentrations to the spike protein and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) were detectable against all variants. IgG concentrations among the elderly remained lower, and some lacked NAbs against the Beta and Omicron variants. NAb titers were significantly reduced against Delta, Beta and Omicron compared to wild-type virus regardless of age. Vaccination induced high IgG concentrations and variable titers of cross-reactive NAbs in previously infected subjects, whereas NAb titers against Omicron were barely detectable 1-month post-infection. High IgG concentrations with cross-protective neutralizing activity were detected after three COVID-19 vaccine doses in HCWs. However, lower NAb titers seen in the frail elderly suggest inadequate protection against Omicron breakthrough infections, yet protection against severe COVID-19 is expected.

scholarly journals The problem of patients' aggression toward health care workers

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (53) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Psychological Aggression ◽  
Direct Patient Care ◽  
Aggressive Behaviors ◽  
Physical Attack ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Violence In The Workplace

Introduction. Aggression and violence in the workplace have become an alarming problem worldwide. They result in disorders which affect both professional and social functioning of victims as well as their mental state. Nurses engaged in direct patient care are especially exposed to aggressive behaviors. Aim. The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure of health care workers to aggression. Material and Methodology. The study was carried out in 2014. It included 230 female and male nurses employed in psychiatric hospitals in the Lubuskie Province. This survey-based study was conducted using an original questionnaire “Exposure to aggression” developed at the Unit of Labor Psychology at Prof. J. Nofer Labor Medicine Institute in Łodź. Results. Some 99.1% of the surveyed faced patient aggression. Its most common form was verbal aggression (shouting – 99.1%). Forms of psychological aggression included: threats (92.2%), offending employees in the presence of their co-workers (89.1%), offending employees in the presence of other patients (87.8%) and blackmail (83.9%). Physical aggression was experienced by 49.1% and attempts of physical attack – 66.5% of the respondents. Education and gender of the surveyed had no statistically significant influence on the exposure to patient aggression. The factors having such influence were: seniority, workplace and age. Employees with the least professional experience and the youngest ones were the most frequent subject to patient aggression. A group at the highest risk of patients’ aggressive behaviors were workers of general psychiatric wards. Conclusion. Nurses employed at psychiatric wards experience various forms of patients’ aggressive behaviors. The most common form of aggression towards nurses is psychological aggression. The degree of exposure to patient aggression is related to workers’ age, workplace, and seniority. Neither education nor gender has an influence on the exposure to patient aggression.

scholarly journals Analysis of Neutralization Titers against SARS-CoV-2 in Health-Care Workers Vaccinated with Prime-Boost mRNA–mRNA or Vector–mRNA COVID-19 Vaccines

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Christina Sølund ◽  
Alexander P. Underwood ◽  
Carlota Fernandez-Antunez ◽  
Signe Bollerup ◽  
Lotte S. Mikkelsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
New York ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Vaccine Regimen ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Boost Vaccine

With increasing numbers of vaccine-breakthrough infections worldwide, assessing the immunogenicity of vaccinated health-care workers that are frequently exposed to SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals is important. In this study, neutralization titers against SARS-CoV-2 were assessed one month after completed prime-boost vaccine regimens in health-care workers vaccinated with either mRNA–mRNA (Comirnaty®, BioNTech-Pfzier, Mainz, Germany/New York, NY, USA, n = 98) or vector-based (Vaxzevria®, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK) followed by mRNA-based (Comirnaty® or Spikevax®, Moderna, Cambridge, MA, USA) vaccines (n = 16). Vaccine-induced neutralization titers were compared to time-matched, unvaccinated individuals that were infected with SARS-CoV-2 and presented with mild symptoms (n = 38). Significantly higher neutralizing titers were found in both the mRNA–mRNA (ID50: 2525, IQR: 1667–4313) and vector–mRNA (ID50: 4978, IQR: 3364–7508) prime-boost vaccine regimens when compared to SARS-CoV-2 infection (ID50: 401, IQR: 271–792) (p < 0.0001). However, infection with SARS-CoV-2 induced higher titers when compared to a single dose of Vaxzevria® (p = 0.0072). Between mRNA–mRNA and vector–mRNA prime-boost regimens, the vector–mRNA vaccine regimen induced higher neutralization titers (p = 0.0054). Demographically, both age and time between vaccination doses were associated with vaccine-induced neutralization titers (p = 0.02 and p = 0.03, respectively). This warrants further investigation into the optimal time to administer booster vaccination for optimized induction of neutralizing responses. Although anecdotal (n = 3), those with exposure to SARS-CoV-2, either before or after vaccination, demonstrated superior neutralizing titers, which is suggestive of further boosting through viral exposure.

scholarly journals Neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 spike in COVID-19 patients, health care workers and convalescent plasma donors: a cohort study using a rapid and sensitive high-throughput neutralization assay

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Zeng ◽  
John P Evans ◽  
Rebecca Pearson ◽  
Panke Qu ◽  
Yi-Min Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Neutralization Assay ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Human Antibody ◽  
Icu Patients ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Antibody Titers

Rapid and specific antibody testing is crucial for improved understanding, control, and treatment of COVID-19 pathogenesis. Herein, we describe and apply a rapid, sensitive, and accurate virus neutralization assay for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The new assay is based on an HIV-1 lentiviral vector that contains a secreted intron Gaussia luciferase or secreted Nano-luciferase reporter cassette, pseudotyped with the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein, and is validated with a plaque reduction assay using an authentic, infectious SARS-CoV-2 strain. The new assay was used to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in serum from individuals with a broad range of COVID-19 symptoms, including intensive care unit (ICU) patients, health care workers (HCWs), and convalescent plasma donors. The highest neutralizing antibody titers were observed among ICU patients, followed by general hospitalized patients, HCWs and convalescent plasma donors. Our study highlights a wide phenotypic variation in human antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, and demonstrates the efficacy of a novel lentivirus pseudotype assay for high-throughput serological surveys of neutralizing antibody titers in large cohorts.

scholarly journals Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers After a Single Dose of mRNA-1273 Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. e2116416
Author(s):  
Kalpana Gupta ◽  
William J. O’Brien ◽  
Pamela Bellino ◽  
Katherine Linsenmeyer ◽  
Sucheta J. Doshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Care Workers

scholarly journals Immunogenicity of Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine in Vietnamese Health-Care Workers

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Vinh Chau ◽  
Lam Anh Nguyet ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Truong ◽  
Le Mau Toan ◽  
Nguyen Thanh Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Seroconversion Rate ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Age Range

We studied the immunogenicity of the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine in health-care workers of a major infectious diseases hospital in Vietnam. We measured neutralizing antibodies before and 14 days after each dose, and at day 28 and month 3 after dose 1. A total of 554 workers (136 men and 418 women; age range, 22–71 years; median age, 36 years) participated with the study. Of the 144 participants selected for follow-up after dose 1, 104 and 94 gave blood for antibody measurement at weeks 6 and 8, and at month 3 after dose 1, respectively. The window time between the two doses was 6 weeks. At baseline, none had detectable neutralizing antibodies. After dose 1, the proportion of participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 27.3% (151 of 554) at day 14 to 78.0% (432 of 554) at day 28. Age correlated negatively with the development and the levels of neutralizing antibodies. However, at day 28, these differences were less profound, and women had a greater seroconversion rate and greater levels of neutralizing antibodies than men. After dose 2, these age and gender associations were not observable. In addition, the proportion of study participants with detectable neutralizing antibodies increased from 70.2% (73 of 104) before dose 2 (week 6, after dose 1) to 98.1% (102 of 104) 14 days later. At month 3, neutralizing antibodies decreased and 94.7% (89 of 94) of the study participants remained seropositive. The Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine is immunogenic in Vietnamese health-care workers. These data are critical to informing the deployment of the COVID-19 vaccine in Vietnam and in Southeast Asia, where vaccination coverage remains inadequate.

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