scholarly journals Principles of seed banks and the emergence of complexity from dormancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay T. Lennon ◽  
Frank den Hollander ◽  
Maite Wilke-Berenguer ◽  
Jochen Blath
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Tree Of Life ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Emergent Phenomena ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Emergence Of Complexity

AbstractAcross the tree of life, populations have evolved the capacity to contend with suboptimal conditions by engaging in dormancy, whereby individuals enter a reversible state of reduced metabolic activity. The resulting seed banks are complex, storing information and imparting memory that gives rise to multi-scale structures and networks spanning collections of cells to entire ecosystems. We outline the fundamental attributes and emergent phenomena associated with dormancy and seed banks, with the vision for a unifying and mathematically based framework that can address problems in the life sciences, ranging from global change to cancer biology.

Metallography and Biomimetics – Or New Surfaces Without Chemistry?

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 446-459
Author(s):  
T. Fox ◽  
S. M. Lößlein ◽  
D. W. Müller ◽  
F. Mücklich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Cost ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Structured Surfaces ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Direct Laser ◽  
One Step ◽  
Fine Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Direct Laser Interference Patterning

Abstract Fingerprints, a butterfly’s wings, or a lotus leaf: when it comes to surfaces, there is no such thing as coincidence in animated nature. Based on their surfaces, animals and plants control their wettability, their swimming resistance, their appearance, and much more. Evolution has optimized these surfaces and developed a microstructure that fits every need. It is all the more astonishing that, with regard to technical surfaces, man confines himself to random roughnesses or “smooth” surfaces. It is surely not a problem of a lack of incentives: structured surfaces have already provided evidence of optimizing friction and wear [1, 2, 3, 4], improving electrical contacts [5, 6], making implants biocompatible [7, 8], keeping away harmful bacteria [9], and much more. How come we continue counting on grinding, polishing, sandblasting, or etching? As so often, the problem can be found in economic cost effectiveness. It is possible to produce interesting structures such as those of the feather in Fig. 1. However, generating fine structures in the micro and nanometer range usually requires precise processing techniques. This is complex, time-consuming, and cannot readily be integrated into a manufacturing process. Things are different with Direct Laser Interference Patterning, DLIP) [10, 11]. This method makes use of the strong interference pattern of overlapped laser beams as a “stamp” to provide an entire surface area with dots, lines, or other patterns – in one shot. It thus saves time, allows for patterning speeds of up to 1 m2/min and does it without an elaborate pre- or post-treatment [10, 12]. The following article intends to outline how the method works, which structures can be generated, and how the complex multi-scale structures that nature developed over millions of years can be replicated in only one step.

Interacting Effects of Global Change on Forest Pest and Pathogen Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 381-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison B. Simler-Williamson ◽  
David M. Rizzo ◽  
Richard C. Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Pathogen Dynamics ◽  
Emergent Phenomena ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Predictive Understanding ◽  
Forest Diseases

Pathogens and insect pests are important drivers of tree mortality and forest dynamics, but global change has rapidly altered or intensified their impacts. Predictive understanding of changing disease and outbreak occurrence has been limited by two factors: ( a) tree mortality and morbidity are emergent phenomena determined by interactions between plant hosts, biotic agents (insects or pathogens), and the environment; and ( b) disparate global change drivers co-occur, obscuring net impacts on each of these components. To expand our understanding of changing forest diseases, declines, and outbreaks, we adopt a framework that identifies and organizes observed impacts of diverse global change drivers on the primary mechanisms underlying agent virulence and host susceptibility. We then discuss insights from ecological theory that may advance prediction of forest epidemics and outbreaks. This approach highlights key drivers of changing pest and pathogen dynamics, which may inform forest management aimed at mitigating accelerating rates of tree mortality globally.

scholarly journals Gum Arabic in solution: Composition and multi-scale structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Atgié ◽  
J.C. Garrigues ◽  
Alexis Chennevière ◽  
O. Masbernat ◽  
K. Roger
Keyword(s):  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Structures

Research Progress of Wavelet Analysis in Flow Structure Characterization

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2787-2793
Author(s):  
Zuo Hua Liu ◽  
Qi Qin Zeng ◽  
Xiao Xia Zhou ◽  
Wei Zheng Ning ◽  
Rui Xiang Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Energy Criterion ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Turbulent Structures ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Scale Structures

The wavelet analysis is a time-frequency analysis method, which plays an important role in processing non-stationary signals obtained by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to measure turbulent flow fields. Current research status for wavelet analysis in the flow field structure was reviewed: eduction of coherent structures and multi-scale structures(the large-, intermediate- and relatively small-scale structures)by wavelet transform and combine with the maximum energy criterion, extraction of coherent vortical structures and analysis of multi-scale turbulent structures information from the time–frequency diagram. Application of wavelet analysis in the flow structures was also prospected.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document