scholarly journals A novel SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus in bats from Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Delaune ◽  
Vibol Hul ◽  
Erik A. Karlsson ◽  
Alexandre Hassanin ◽  
Tey Putita Ou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractKnowledge of the origin and reservoir of the coronavirus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is still fragmentary. To date, the closest relatives to SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in Rhinolophus bats sampled in the Yunnan province, China. Here we describe the identification of SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in two Rhinolophus shameli bats sampled in Cambodia in 2010. Metagenomic sequencing identifies nearly identical viruses sharing 92.6% nucleotide identity with SARS-CoV-2. Most genomic regions are closely related to SARS-CoV-2, with the exception of a region of the spike, which is not compatible with human ACE2-mediated entry. The discovery of these viruses in a bat species not found in China indicates that SARS-CoV-2 related viruses have a much wider geographic distribution than previously reported, and suggests that Southeast Asia represents a key area to consider for future surveillance for coronaviruses.

scholarly journals A novel SARS-CoV-2 related coronavirus in bats from Cambodia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vibol Hul ◽  
Deborah Delaune ◽  
Erik A Karlsson ◽  
Alexandre Hassanin ◽  
Putita Ou Tey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Small Region ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractKnowledge of the origin and reservoir of the coronavirus responsible for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is still fragmentary. To date, the closest relatives to SARS-CoV-2 have been detected in Rhinolophus bats sampled in the Yunnan province, China. Here we describe the identification of SARS-CoV-2 related coronaviruses in two Rhinolophus shameli bats sampled in Cambodia in 2010. Metagenomic sequencing identified nearly identical viruses sharing 92.6% nucleotide identity with SARS-CoV-2. Most genomic regions are closely related to SARS-CoV-2, with the exception of a small region corresponding to the spike N terminal domain. The discovery of these viruses in a bat species not found in China indicates that SARS-CoV-2 related viruses have a much wider geographic distribution than previously understood, and suggests that Southeast Asia represents a key area to consider in the ongoing search for the origins of SARS-CoV-2, and in future surveillance for coronaviruses.

A review of the non-lyctine powder-post beetles of Yunnan (China) with a new genus and new species (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5091 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-545
Author(s):  
YI-FENG ZHANG ◽  
LING-ZENG MENG ◽  
ROGER A. BEAVER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Yunnan Region ◽  
Palearctic Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The powder post beetles (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) (except Lyctinae) of Yunnan Province in Southwest China are reviewed for the first time. Keys to twenty-six genera and fifty-two species from the Yunnan region are provided. One new genus and seven new species are described: Dinoderus (Dinoderastes) hongheensis sp. nov., Dinoderus (Dinoderastes) nanxiheensis sp. nov., Gracilenta yingjiangensis gen. nov., sp. nov., Calonistes vittatus sp. nov., Calophagus colombiana sp. nov., Xylodrypta guochuanii sp. nov. and Xylodrypta zhenghei sp. nov.. Fourteen species are recorded in China for the first time. The bostrichid fauna of Yunnan is compared with those of the neighbouring bio-geographically related Southeast Asian and Himalayan regions. The fauna has a close affinity with that of tropical Southeast Asia and a much weaker relationship with the Palearctic region. The differences with the Himalayas may reflect the separate evolutionary and complex geological history of the two areas.

Latest 30-m map of mature rubber plantations in Mainland Southeast Asia and Yunnan province of China: Spatial patterns and geographical characteristics

2021 ◽  
pp. 030913332098374
Author(s):  
Chiwei Xiao ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
Zhiming Feng ◽  
Yanzhao Yang ◽  
Zhen You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Rubber Plantations ◽  
National Differences ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia

Knowledge of the location, area and extent of rubber plantations is a prerequisite for assessing their ecological and environmental impacts. Mainland Southeast Asia (MSEA) and Yunnan province (MSEA&YN) in China are globally important rubber-planting regions. Rubber cultivation in areas at moderate and low altitudes (<1000 m) within these regions has expanded rapidly in recent years. However, datasets of maps generated at a fine spatial resolution are still unavailable for MSEA&YN. Because of this, three relevant and important questions remain unanswered: what are the northernmost boundary for rubber production in these regions, what is the highest altitude at which rubber is produced, and how are the plantations distributed in (cross-) border regions? An approach of the phenology- and Landsat-based re-normalized vegetation index (RNVI), originally developed for Xishuangbanna in southern China, is used in this study to verify the feasibility of mapping mature rubber plantations in MSEA&YN using the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager data products acquired from January to April, 2013 to 2018. Characteristics of the vertical and horizontal distributions of mature rubber plantations in MSEA&YN, as well as national differences especially in the (cross-) borders, were examined using the generated map. The results showed that the RNVI method, although tailored to the northern edge of the tropics, is useful for detecting mature rubber plantations in MSEA&YN. The latest map of mature rubber plantations indicated that they occupied a total area of 7.69 × 106 ha, accounting for 3.32% of the study area. Spatial analyses showed three typical features of the distribution: new plantations at higher (over 1000 m) and lower (below 200 m) elevations, more cultivation in the borderlands (over a half within 60 km buffers), and their northward movement (as far as 25°N). The results of this study have important implications for phenological methods verification in the tropics, and provide valuable information on mature rubber plantations in MSEA&YN.

scholarly journals Sweet potato feathery mottle virus and Sweet potato virus C from East Timorese and Australian Sweetpotato: Biological and Molecular Properties, and Biosecurity Implications

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 589-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Maina ◽  
Martin J. Barbetti ◽  
Owain R. Edwards ◽  
Luis de Almeida ◽  
Abel Ximenes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Potato Virus ◽  
Mottle Virus ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Fta Cards ◽  
Australian Continent ◽  
Sweet Potato Virus ◽  
Virus C

Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV) and Sweet potato virus C (SPVC) isolates from sweetpotato were studied to examine genetic connectivity between viruses from Australia and Southeast Asia. East Timorese samples from sweetpotato were sent to Australia on FTA cards. Shoot and tuberous root samples were collected in Australia and planted in the glasshouse, and scions were graft inoculated to Ipomoea setosa plants. Symptoms in infected sweetpotato and I. setosa plants were recorded. RNA extracts from FTA cards and I. setosa leaf samples were subjected to high-throughput sequencing (HTS). Complete genomic sequences (CS) of SPFMV and SPVC (11 each) were obtained by HTS, and coat protein (CP) genes from them were compared with others from GenBank. SPFMV sequences clustered into two major phylogroups (A and B = RC) and two minor phylogroups (EA[I] and O[II]) within A; East Timorese sequences were in EA(I) and O(II), whereas Australian sequences were in O(II) and B(RC). With SPVC, CP trees provided sufficient diversity to distinguish major phylogroups A and B and six minor phylogroups within A (I to VI); East Timorese sequences were in minor phylogroup I, whereas Australian sequences were in minor phylogroups II and VI and in major phylogroup B. With SPFMV, Aus13B grouped with East Timorese sequence TM64B within minor phylogroup O, giving nucleotide sequence identities of 97.4% (CS) and 98.3% (CP). However, the closest match with an Australian sequence was the 97.6% (CS) and 98.7% (CP) nucleotide identity between Aus13B and an Argentinian sequence. With SPVC, closest nucleotide identity matches between Australian and East Timorese sequences were 94.1% with Aus6a and TM68A (CS) and 96.3% with Aus55-4C and TM64A (CP); however neither pair member belonged to the same minor phylogroup. Also, the closest Australian match was 99.1% (CP) nucleotide identity between Aus4C and New Zealand isolate NZ4-4. These first complete genome sequences of SPFMV and SPVC from sweetpotato plantings in the Australian continent and neighboring Southeast Asia suggest at least two (SPFMV) and three (SPVC) separate introductions to Australia since agriculture commenced more than two centuries ago. These findings have major implications for both healthy stock programs and biosecurity management in relation to pathogen entry into Australia and elsewhere.

scholarly journals A novel SARS-CoV-2 related virus with complex recombination isolated from bats in Yunnan province, China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-li Li ◽  
Jing-lin Wang ◽  
Xiao-hua Ma ◽  
Jin-song Li ◽  
Xiao-fei Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Amino Acid Identity ◽  
Recombination Analysis ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Recombination Mechanism ◽  
Related Virus ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractA novel beta-coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in late 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world, causing the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the origin and direct viral ancestors of SARS-CoV-2 remain elusive. Here, we discovered a new SARS-CoV-2-related virus in Yunnan province, in 2018, provisionally named PrC31, which shares 90.7% and 92.0% nucleotide identities with SARS-CoV-2 and the bat SARSr-CoV ZC45, respectively. Sequence alignment revealed that several genomic regions shared strong identity with SARS-CoV-2, phylogenetic analysis supported that PrC31 shares a common ancestor with SARS-CoV-2. The receptor binding domain of PrC31 showed only 64.2% amino acid identity with SARS-CoV-2. Recombination analysis revealed that PrC31 underwent multiple complex recombination events within the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 sub-lineages, indicating the evolution of PrC31 from yet-to-be-identified intermediate recombination strains. Combination with previous studies revealed that the beta-CoVs may possess more complicated recombination mechanism. The discovery of PrC31 supports that bats are the natural hosts of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals The Mossflora of Xishuangbanna, Southern Yunnan, China

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Pan-cheng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Tropical Areas

This is the first contribution on the moss flora of Xishuangbanna, southern Yunnan Province, one of the main tropical areas in China. This rich moss flora shows a similarity to that of Southeast Asia and the Himalayas.

India-Myanmar Relations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Grare
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
Transport Project ◽  
The Relationship

The search for greater connectivity with Southeast Asia is driving the evolution of the relationship between India and Myanmar. A partnership with Naypyidaw could help India’s integration with the more dynamic economies of Southeast Asia as well as with the dynamic Yunnan province in China. In doing so, India also expects to contain China’s influence in Myanmar. Transport infrastructure projects, including the Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project, are being developed in Myanmar that may help India achieve its objectives. But numerous obstacles including ethnic conflicts in the country as well as relative mistrust between New Delhi and Naypyidaw may inhibit regional integration through Myanmar. India moreover faces competition from countries with much larger capacities such as Japan and the United States, which on one hand may help diminish China’s influence but also diminish the political space available for India.

Hainan earthworm community and the comparison with other East and Southeast Asia countries for geographic distribution and endemic rate

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (sup4) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Zhao ◽  
Daniel Cluzeau ◽  
Charlène Briard ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Jibao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
East And Southeast Asia

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of a Novel Recombinant Duck Circovirus in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Sun ◽  
Min Zheng ◽  
Huihui Cao ◽  
Huijun Lu ◽  
Xiankai Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Nucleotide Identity ◽  
Type I ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Muscovy Duck ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Duck Circovirus ◽  
Recombinant Event

In this study, YN26/2013, a novel recombinant duck circovirus (DuCV), was isolated from a Muscovy duck in Yunnan Province, southern China. The whole genome of YN26/2013 consists of 1,987 nucleotides (nt), the same genomic size as that of the DuCV-2 genotype. However, YN26/2013 shares 91.5 to 94.3% nucleotide identity similarity with previously reported type I (DuCV-1) viruses. Importantly, a novel putative recombinant event between DuCV-1 and DuCV-2 was identified as occurring within the 987- to 1111-nt region of the YN26/2013 genome.

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