PPAR control of metabolism and cardiovascular functions

This study was carried out to determine the effects of electromagnetic field (EMF) emitted by cellular phones (CPs) on electrocardiograms (ECGs) of guinea pigs. A total of 30 healthy guinea pigs weighing 500–800 g were used. After 1 week of adaptation period, animals were randomly divided into two groups: control group ( n = 10) and EMF-exposed group ( n = 20). Control guinea pigs were housed in a separate room without exposing them to EMFs of CPs. Animals in second group were exposed to 890–915 MHz EMF (217 Hz of pulse rate, 2 W of maximum peak power and 0.95 wt kg−1 of specific absorption rate) for 12 h day−1 (11 h 45 min stand-by and 15 min speaking mode) for 30 days. ECGs of guinea pigs in both the groups were recorded by a direct writing electrocardiograph at the beginning and 10th, 20th and 30th days of the experiment. All ECGs were standardized at 1 mV = 10 mm and with a chart speed of 50 mm sec−1. Leads I, II, III, lead augmented vector right (aVR), lead augmented vector left (aVL) and lead augmented vector foot (aVF) were recorded. The durations and amplitudes of waves on the trace were measured in lead II. The data were expressed as mean with SEM. It was found that 12 h day−1 EMF exposure for 30 days did not have any significant effects on ECG findings of guinea pigs. However, this issue needed to be further investigated in a variety of perspectives, such as longer duration of exposure to be able to elucidate the effects of mobile phone-induced EMFs on cardiovascular functions.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Bedding System Selected by Manual Muscle Testing on Sleep-Related Cardiovascular Functions

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2013/937986 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Terry B. J. Kuo ◽

Jia-Yi Li ◽

Chun-Ting Lai ◽

Yu-Chun Huang ◽

Ya-Chuan Hsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Power ◽

Cardiovascular Effects ◽

Manual Muscle Testing ◽

Vagal Activity ◽

Double Blind ◽

Muscle Testing ◽

Sympathetic Modulation ◽

Sleep Log ◽

Baroreceptor Reflex Sensitivity ◽

Cardiovascular Functions

Background. Different types of mattresses affect sleep quality and waking muscle power. Whether manual muscle testing (MMT) predicts the cardiovascular effects of the bedding system was explored using ten healthy young men.Methods. For each participant, two bedding systems, one inducing the strongest limb muscle force (strong bedding system) and the other inducing the weakest limb force (weak bedding system), were identified using MMT. Each bedding system, in total five mattresses and eight pillows of different firmness, was used for two continuous weeks at the participant’s home in a random and double-blind sequence. A sleep log, a questionnaire, and a polysomnography were used to differentiate the two bedding systems.Results and Conclusion. Heart rate variability and arterial pressure variability analyses showed that the strong bedding system resulted in decreased cardiovascular sympathetic modulation, increased cardiac vagal activity, and increased baroreceptor reflex sensitivity during sleep as compared to the weak bedding system. Different bedding systems have distinct cardiovascular effects during sleep that can be predicted by MMT.

Download Full-text

Effect of yoga on cardiovascular functions and psychological aspects of people on public service-related work: an exploratory study

Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine ◽

10.1515/jcim-2021-0107 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Y. Deepa ◽

A. Mooventhan ◽

Edmin Christa ◽

C. A. Kayelarasi

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Public Service ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Well Being ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Rate Pressure Product ◽

Clinical Difference ◽

Cardiovascular Functions

Abstract Objectives Yoga is increasingly being introduced in workplace settings to improve health and well-being. However, there is a lack of studies reporting the effect of yoga in people on public service-related work, who are at high risk for various health-related problems. Thus, the objective of this study was to find the effect of yoga on cardiovascular functions and psychological (stress, anxiety, and depression) aspects of people on public service-related work. Methods A single-group pre-test and post-test experimental study design was adopted. Eighty-two participants aged 41.52 ± 7.44 years who are working in the Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission were undergone 1-h of yoga (under the supervision of a yoga & naturopathy doctor) a day, 5-days a week for a period of 1-month at their office. Cardiovascular functions such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse rate (PR) were measured using an automatic BP monitor. Psychological variables such as stress, anxiety, and depression were measured using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) before and after the intervention. Results Results of this study showed a significant reduction in body mass index, SBP, DBP, PR, mean arterial pressure, rate pressure product, and double product. Though results showed insignificant (just missed the statistical significance [p=0.056]) reduction in anxiety, it showed clinical improvement (i.e. the mean anxiety score has reduced from moderate category to mild category). However, there is neither statistically significant nor clinical difference in stress and depression. None of the participants reported any untoward events during the study period. Conclusions Results suggest that yoga might improve the cardiovascular functions and anxiety of people in public service-related work. However, no such significant improvement was noted in their stress and depression levels. However, a randomized controlled trial is required to warrant the results of this study.

Download Full-text

Alveolar gas exchanges and cardiovascular functions during breath holding with air.

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1971.30.4.540 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 540-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

S K Hong ◽

Y C Lin ◽

D A Lally ◽

B J Yim ◽

N Kominami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breath Holding ◽

Gas Exchanges ◽

Cardiovascular Functions

Download Full-text

Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review and Future Challenges

Journal of Respiratory Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/856149 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Karin Ljubič ◽

Iztok Fister ◽

Iztok Fister

Keyword(s):

Ventilatory Support ◽

Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽

Phox2b Gene ◽

Central Controller ◽

Future Challenges ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Central Hypoventilation ◽

Hypoventilation Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Functions

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome is a disorder predisposed by a paired-like homebox PHOX2B gene. A mutation in the PHOX2B gene is a requisite when diagnosing congenital central hypoventilation syndrome. This mutation is identified in 93–100% of diagnosed patients. The mutation regarding this disorder affects the sensors, the central controller, and the integration of the signals within the central nervous system. This, inter alia, leads to insufficient ventilation and a decrease in PaO2, as well as an increase in PaCO2. Affected children are at risk during and after the neonatal period. They suffer from hypoventilation periods which may be present whilst sleeping only or in more severe cases when both asleep and awake. It is important for clinicians to perform an early diagnosis of congenital central hypoventilation in order to prevent the deleterious effects of hypoxaemia, hypercapnia, and acidosis on the neurocognitive and cardiovascular functions. Patients need long-term management and appropriate ventilatory support for improving the qualities of their lives. This paper provides a detailed review of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, a congenital disorder that is genetic in origin. We describe the genetic basis, the wider clinical picture, and those challenges during the diagnosis and management of patients with this condition.

Download Full-text

Mixed Aqueous Extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Reduces Blood Pressure through Inhibition of Vascular Remodelling and Oxidative Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1159/000452550 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (1-2) ◽

pp. 347-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Jing Zhang ◽

Sheng Jun An ◽

Jun Qiu Fu ◽

Pei Liu ◽

Tie Mei Shao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽

Hypertensive Rats ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽

Sd Rats ◽

Mrna And Protein Expression ◽

And Function ◽

And Oxidative Stress ◽

Tgf Β1 ◽

Cardiovascular Functions

Background/Aims: Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) contains four major aqueous active ingredients, which have been isolated, purified and identified as danshensu (DSS), salvianolic acid A (Sal-A), salvianolic acid B (Sal-B) and protocatechuic aldehyde (PAL), totally abbreviated as SABP. Although SM is often used to treat various cardiovascular diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, the efficacy and function of optimal compatibility ratio of SM's active ingredients (SABP) in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases remain uncertain. This study investigated antihypertensive effect and underlying mechanisms of SABP vs. SM lyophilized powder (SMLP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to establish the ratio of the optimal compatibility of DSS, Sal-A, Sal-B and PAL in improving cardiovascular functions. Methods: The SHRs were treated with either SABP or SMLP and their systolic blood pressures (SBP) were monitored. The isolated thoracic aorta of SHRs was segregated for immunohistochemistry, Hematoxylin-Eosin stain and mRNA and protein expression of NOX4, TGF-β1, Col-I, ET-1, α-SMA and Smad7. Moreover, the adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) were isolated and cultured from SD rats' aorta and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined after SABP or SMLP treatment. Results: SABP, but not SMLP, significantly reduced SBP, which were accompanied by the inhibited morphological changes in the thoracic aorta and the reduced mRNA and protein expression of NOX4, TGF-β1, Col-I, ET-1 and α-SMA, but the increased Smad 7 expression in SHRs. Moreover, SABP also resulted in a decreased ROS production in AFs of SD rats. Conclusions: These results indicate that SABP, but not SMLP, treatment potently inhibits hypertension through improvements of vascular remodeling and oxidative stress. The present study provides new evidence that the efficacy and function from optimal compatibility ratio of SM active ingredients is much better than its lyophilized powder, which represents a strategy to develop SM's new beneficial effect in improving cardiovascular functions.

Download Full-text

Role of the Melanocortin System in the Central Regulation of Cardiovascular Functions

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.725709 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Copperi ◽

Jung Dae Kim ◽

Sabrina Diano

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Nervous System ◽

Energy Homeostasis ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Protective Role ◽

System Level ◽

Central Regulation ◽

Melanocortin System ◽

Cardiovascular Functions

Increasing evidence indicates that the melanocortin system is not only a central player in energy homeostasis, food intake and glucose level regulation, but also in the modulation of cardiovascular functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate. The melanocortins, and in particular α- and γ-MSH, have been shown to exert their cardiovascular activity both at the central nervous system level and in the periphery (e.g., in the adrenal gland), binding their receptors MC3R and MC4R and influencing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, some studies have shown that the activation of MC3R and MC4R by their endogenous ligands is able to improve the outcome of cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial and cerebral ischemia. In this brief review, we will discuss the current knowledge of how the melanocortin system influences essential cardiovascular functions, such as blood pressure and heart rate, and its protective role in ischemic events, with a particular focus on the central regulation of such mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Non-Traditional Administration of Remifentanil in an Experimental Setting

Physiological Research ◽

10.33549/physiolres.934330 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. S97-S103

Author(s):

A. KURZOVÁ ◽

J. MÁLEK ◽

L. HESS ◽

M. JAČEK ◽

J. SLÍVA

Keyword(s):

Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽

Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Arterial Oxygen ◽

Onset Of Action ◽

Routes Of Administration ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽

Righting Reflex ◽

Cardiovascular Functions

Remifentanil is ultrashort-acting opioid with a unique pharmacokinetic profile. It is used exclusively intravenously. While considering its rapid onset of action and other pharmacokinetic properties, we decided to assess its effects following administration via non-traditional routes. Rabbits (n=10 per each group) were randomized into six groups: remifentanil 1 μg/kg and 3 μg/kg IM, 5.0 and 10.0 μg/kg conjunctivally, and 10 μg/kg and 25.0 μg/kg intranasally. Sedating effects were assessed via a loss of the righting reflex. Secondary, mean arterial blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, and pulse rate was monitored in all rabbits. Non-traditional routes of administration were shown to provide a rapid onset of action as well as fast recovery. Importantly, the administration of remifentanil did not result in any deterioration of cardiovascular functions.

Download Full-text