Spiroplasma affects host aphid proteomics feeding on two nutritional resources

AbstractIn the current study, we investigated the functional response of Harmonia axyridis adults and larvae foraging on Acyrthosiphon pisum nymphs at temperatures between 15 and 35 °C. Logistic regression and Roger’s random predator models were employed to determine the type and parameters of the functional response. Harmonia axyridis larvae and adults exhibited Type II functional responses to A. pisum, and warming increased both the predation activity and host aphid control mortality. Female and 4th instar H. axyridis consumed the most aphids. For fourth instar larvae and female H. axyridis adults, the successful attack rates were 0.23 ± 0.014 h−1 and 0.25 ± 0.015 h−1; the handling times were 0.13 ± 0.005 h and 0.16 ± 0.004 h; and the estimated maximum predation rates were 181.28 ± 14.54 and 153.85 ± 4.06, respectively. These findings accentuate the high performance of 4th instar and female H. axyridis and the role of temperature in their efficiency. Further, we discussed such temperature-driven shifts in predation and prey mortality concerning prey-predator foraging interactions towards biological control.

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The role of the plant in host acceptance by the parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300032405 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 303-306 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

H. Braimah ◽

H. F. van Emden

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Filter Paper ◽

Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽

Host Acceptance ◽

Brussels Sprouts ◽

Aphidius Rhopalosiphi ◽

Wheat Leaf ◽

Host Aphid ◽

Made In

AbstractFemale Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani Perez reared on Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) made equal numbers of encounters with another suitable host aphid (Sitobion avenae (Fabricius (both Homoptera: Aphididae))) in arenas where the aphids were on either pieces of wheat leaf or moist filter paper. However, the number of oviposition stabs made in arenas with wheat was far higher than with filter paper, demonstrating the importance of host-plant cues in the acceptance of the aphids by the parasitoid. Diet reared aphids (even if subsequently fed on wheat) appeared to be accepted more readily than totally wheat reared individuals. In another arena experiment, there were more encounters with and more stabs made into both S. avenae and a non-host aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)) on wheat than on Brussels sprouts (a host plant of M. persicae), again showing the over-riding importance of host-plant cues.

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Host range and diversity of coccinellid (Coleoptera) predators of aphid pests in vegetable crop ecosystems of Kashmir, with new host aphid/plant records

Journal of Entomological Research ◽

10.5958/0974-4576.2017.00029.9 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Deen Mohd Bhat

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Vegetable Crop ◽

New Host ◽

Host Aphid

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Aphids evolved novel secreted proteins for symbiosis with bacterial endosymbiont

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2012.1952 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 280 (1750) ◽

pp. 20121952 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Shuji Shigenobu ◽

David L. Stern

Keyword(s):

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Developmental Time ◽

Secreted Proteins ◽

Buchnera Aphidicola ◽

Orphan Genes ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Small Proteins ◽

Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽

Host Aphid

Aphids evolved novel cells, called bacteriocytes, that differentiate specifically to harbour the obligatory mutualistic endosymbiotic bacteria Buchnera aphidicola . The genome of the host aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum contains many orphan genes that display no similarity with genes found in other sequenced organisms, prompting us to hypothesize that some of these orphan genes are related to lineage-specific traits, such as symbiosis. We conducted deep sequencing of bacteriocytes mRNA followed by whole mount in situ hybridizations of over-represented transcripts encoding aphid-specific orphan proteins. We identified a novel class of genes that encode small proteins with signal peptides, which are often cysteine-rich, that are over-represented in bacteriocytes. These genes are first expressed at a developmental time point coincident with the incorporation of symbionts strictly in the cells that contribute to the bacteriocyte and this bacteriocyte-specific expression is maintained throughout the aphid's life. The expression pattern suggests that recently evolved secretion proteins act within bacteriocytes, perhaps to mediate the symbiosis with beneficial bacterial partners, which is reminiscent of the evolution of novel cysteine-rich secreted proteins of leguminous plants that regulate nitrogen-fixing endosymbionts.

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Comparative analysis of the demographic parameters of seven spotted ladybird beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on various host aphid species

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8313 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8313

Author(s):

Muhammad Farooq ◽

Xun Zhu ◽

Muhammad Shakeel ◽

Ayesha Iftikhar ◽

Muhammad Rafiq Shahid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life Table ◽

Aphid Species ◽

Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽

Demographic Parameters ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Ladybird Beetle ◽

Preoviposition Period ◽

Rate Of Increase ◽

Lady Beetles ◽

Host Aphid

Background The demographic parameters of the predacious seven spotted ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) reared on the following four host aphid species were compared: Rhopalosiphum padi Linnaeus (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Sitobion avenae Fabricius (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Methods The developmental period, fecundity, adult preoviposition period, total preoviposition period and population parameters were evaluated based on the two-sex age-stage life table. The duration of the developmental stages and the population parameters were calculated with the TWOSEX-MSChart program, whereas population size was projected based on the two-sex age-stage life table data with the TIMING-MSChart program. Results The intrinsic rate of increase (r) was the highest in the R. padi predators (0.1946 per day), followed by the S. graminum (0.1435 per day), S. avenae (0.1400 per day), and R. maidis (0.1180 per day) predators. The differences in the net reproductive rate (R0) and the finite rate of increase (λ) when C. septempunctata was reared on the four aphid species were consistent with the r values. This trend was reversed for the mean generation time (T), which ranged from 29.02 days for the lady beetles reared on R. padi to 39.75 days for the lady beetles reared on R. maidis. Interestingly, R. padi was the most suitable host, while the congeneric R. maidis was the least suitable. The results of this study may be useful for future investigations regarding the ecological effects of predatory species and the mass-production of C. septempunctata in the laboratory for an augmentative release of an aphid predator.

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Effects of a presumably protective endosymbiont on life‐history characters and their plasticity for its host aphid on three plants

Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.1002/ece3.4754 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (24) ◽

pp. 13004-13013 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shirong Li ◽

Deguang Liu ◽

Rongfang Zhang ◽

Yingting Zhai ◽

Xianliang Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Host Aphid

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Learning‐induced switching costs in a parasitoid can maintain diversity of host aphid phenotypes although biocontrol is destabilized under abiotic stress

Journal of Animal Ecology ◽

10.1111/1365-2656.13189 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 1216-1229

Author(s):

Katharine F. Preedy ◽

Mark A. J. Chaplain ◽

Daniel J. Leybourne ◽

Glenn Marion ◽

Alison J. Karley

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Switching Costs ◽

Host Aphid

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Rickettsia Symbiont in the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum: Novel Cellular Tropism, Effect on Host Fitness, and Interaction with the Essential Symbiont Buchnera

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.71.7.4069-4075.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 71 (7) ◽

pp. 4069-4075 ◽

Cited By ~ 170

Author(s):

Makiko Sakurai ◽

Ryuichi Koga ◽

Tsutomu Tsuchida ◽

Xian-Ying Meng ◽

Takema Fukatsu

Keyword(s):

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Pea Aphid ◽

Host Cells ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Bacterial Cells ◽

Host Fitness ◽

Host Aphid ◽

Sheath Cells

ABSTRACT In natural populations of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, a facultative bacterial symbiont of the genus Rickettsia has been detected at considerable infection frequencies worldwide. We investigated the effects of the Rickettsia symbiont on the host aphid and also on the coexisting essential symbiont Buchnera. In situ hybridization revealed that the Rickettsia symbiont was specifically localized in two types of host cells specialized for endosymbiosis: secondary mycetocytes and sheath cells. Electron microscopy identified bacterial rods, about 2 μm long and 0.5 μm thick, in sheath cells of Rickettsia-infected aphids. Virus-like particles were sometimes observed in association with the bacterial cells. By an antibiotic treatment, we generated Rickettsia-infected and Rickettsia-eliminated aphid strains with an identical genetic background. Comparison of these strains revealed that Rickettsia infection negatively affected some components of the host fitness. Quantitative PCR analysis of the bacterial population dynamics identified a remarkable interaction between the coexisting symbionts: Buchnera population was significantly suppressed in the presence of Rickettsia, particularly at the young adult stage, when the aphid most actively reproduces. On the basis of these results, we discussed the possible mechanisms that enable the prevalence of Rickettsia infection in natural host populations in spite of the negative fitness effects observed in the laboratory.

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