Effects of cannabinoids on the development of chick embryos in ovo

Abstract We have examined the effects of the synthetic cannabinoids HU 210 and HU 211, the plant-derived cannabidiol and the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide on the viability and development of chick embryos. Fertilized White Leghorn chicken eggs were injected with the test compounds or carrier vehicle, via a drilled small hole in the egg, directly into the egg yolk. After nine days of exposure, the embryonal viability, length and wet weight of embryos, and wet weight of brains were measured, and the development stages were assessed according to the Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) scale. The potent synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist HU 210 and the non-psychotropic cannabidiol were embryotoxic at the highest concentrations examined (10 µM and 50 µM, respectively), with no viable embryos after the HU 210 injection, and 20% viability after the cannabidiol injections. The effects of HU 210 on the chick embryo were attenuated by α-tocopherol and the cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251, whereas only α-tocopherol gave a statistically significant protection against the embryotoxic effects of cannabidiol. This study shows that exposure to plant-derived or synthetic cannabinoids during early embryonal development decreases embryonal viability. Extrapolation of data across species is of course difficult, but the data would argue against the use of cannabinoids, be it recreationally or therapeutically, during pregnancy.

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The Embryotoxic Effects of in Ovo Administered Sunset Yellow FCF in Chick Embryos

Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.3390/vetsci8020031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 31

Author(s):

Fatma Colakoglu ◽

Muhammet Lutfi Selcuk

Keyword(s):

Renal Cortex ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Single Injection ◽

Control Group ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Sunset Yellow ◽

In Ovo ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Embryotoxic Effects

Sunset yellow (SY) at prescribed concentrations has been approved by regulatory authorities in several countries as an additive dye in the food, beverage, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. However, there are some reports that it may cause several health problems. The aim of this study is to evaluate embryotoxic effects of SY on liver and kidney in chick embryos. Babcock white Leghorn eggs were randomly divided into four groups. Non-treated eggs served as control group. The eggs in groups SY200, SY1000, and SY2000 were treated with a single injection of 200, 1000, and 2000 ng SY into the air sac just before incubation. The developmental stages of embryos were determined on the 10th, 13th, 16th, and 21st days of incubation. Samples of the liver and kidney were taken and routine histological procedures were performed. The highest relative embryo weight was seen in all SY treated groups on the 16th day of incubation. Necrosis of some hepatocytes and cytoplasmic degenerations were observed in all SY groups in the liver. There were degenerated or destructed renal cortex structures and necrosis in the kidney. The cell’s nuclear areas and diameters of renal cortex structures were different in all SY groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). It was concluded that in ovo administered SY has many unfavorable effects on liver and kidney in chick embryos. The results obtained in this study suggest that it may be advisable to re-assess safety levels of SY in many industries.

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Impact of Vitamin A on the Expression Profile of Development-Controlling Genes in Chick Embryos

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-1256 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdalla A. Sayed ◽

Gamal M. Bekhet

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Expression Profile ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Chick Embryos ◽

Crown Rump Length ◽

Genes Expression ◽

Dose Concentration ◽

Chicken Eggs ◽

First Time ◽

Dose Dependent

Background: Vitamin A has potentially harmful effects on the development of chick embryos even at very low dose concentration. Vitamin A different doses cause embryotoxic and teratogenic effects on the developing of the chick embryo. Hence, due to teratogenicity of this vitamin it can be used with utmost caution during pregnancy. Methods: Fertile chicken eggs (obtained from local hatchery) were injected with three doses of Vitamin A (15 IU/ml, 30 IU/ml, 75 IU/ml) into the center of the egg yolk. Morphometric parameters as mortality rate, body weight (g), crown rump length (mm) of embryo and Frequency % of different anomalies gross malformations were measured. Whole chicken samples were taken by 4th, 8th and 18th incubation day. Daam, Hox and Tbx genes expression profile were analyzed. Result: Dose-dependent defects and embryo lethality in the chick embryos developed when exposed to higher concentrations. Our study record for the first time the duplication in the heart, brain and eye. Also showed duplication of the neck forming S-shaped showed in some malformed chick embryos. The three investigated genes showed different fluctuations confirming the malformations detected.

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Molecular Modeling of an Orphan GPR18 Receptor

Letters in Drug Design & Discovery ◽

10.2174/1570180815666180810114847 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1167-1174 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kamil J. Kuder ◽

Tadeusz Karcz ◽

Maria Kaleta ◽

Katarzyna Kiec-Kononowicz

Keyword(s):

Cannabinoid Receptors ◽

Cannabinoid Receptor ◽

Glycine Receptor ◽

Homology Model ◽

Orphan Receptor ◽

Receptor Ligands ◽

Orphan Receptors ◽

Inactive Form ◽

Starting Point ◽

Endogenous Cannabinoid

Background: : One of the best known to date GPCR class A (Rhodopsin) includes more than 100 orphan receptors for which the endogenous ligand is not known or is unclear. One of them is N-arachidonyl glycine receptor, named GPR18, a receptor that has been reported to be activated by Δ9-THC, endogenous cannabinoid receptors agonist anandamide and other cannabinoid receptor ligands suggesting it could be considered as third cannabinoid receptor. GPR18 activity, as well as its distribution might suggest usage of GPR18 ligands in treatment of endometriosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, so far only few GPR18 antagonists have been described, thus only ligand-based design approaches appear to be most useful to identify new ligands for this orphan receptor. Methods: : Main goal of this study, GPR18 inactive form homology model was built on the basis of the evolutionary closest homologous template: Human P2Y1 Receptor crystal structure. Results: : Obtained model was further evaluated and showed active/nonactive ligands differentiating properties with acceptable confidence. Moreover, it allowed for preliminary assessment of proteinligand interactions for a set of previously described ligands. Conclusion:: Thus collected data might serve as a starting point for a discovery of novel, active GPR18 blocking ligands.

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Identification and Analytical Characterization of a Novel Synthetic Cannabinoid-Type Substance in Herbal Material in Europe

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 793

Author(s):

Emmanouil D. Tsochatzis ◽

Joao Alberto Lopes ◽

Margaret V. Holland ◽

Fabiano Reniero ◽

Giovanni Palmieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Cannabinoid Receptor ◽

Analytical Data ◽

Synthetic Cannabinoids ◽

Synthetic Cannabinoid ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

New Psychoactive Substances ◽

Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists ◽

Analytical Laboratories

The rapid diffusion of new psychoactive substances (NPS) presents unprecedented challenges to both customs authorities and analytical laboratories involved in their detection and characterization. In this study an analytical approach to the identification and structural elucidation of a novel synthetic cannabimimetic, quinolin-8-yl-3-[(4,4-difluoropiperidin-1-yl) sulfonyl]-4-methylbenzoate (2F-QMPSB), detected in seized herbal material, is detailed. An acid precursor 4-methyl-3-(4,4-difluoro-1-piperidinylsulfonyl) benzoic acid (2F-MPSBA), has also been identified in the same seized material. After extraction from the herbal material the synthetic cannabimimetic, also referred to as synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists or “synthetic cannabinoids”, was characterized using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 1H, 13C, 19F and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS) combined with chromatographic separation. A cheminformatics platform was used to manage and interpret the analytical data from these techniques.

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