scholarly journals Effect of selective-precipitations process on the corrosion resistance and hardness of dual-phase high-carbon steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Handoko ◽  
Aayush Anurag ◽  
Farshid Pahlevani ◽  
Rumana Hossain ◽  
Karen Privat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Selective Precipitation

Abstract It is commonly known that precipitation of secondary phase in non-ferrous alloys will affect the mechanical properties of them. But due to the nature of dual-phase low-alloy high-carbon steel and its high potential of precipitation of cementite, there is limited study on tailoring the mechanical and corrosion properties of this grade of steel by controlling the precipitation of different phases. Predicting and controlling precipitation behaviour on this grade of steel is of great importance towards producing more advanced applications using this low-cost alloy. In this study the new concept of selective-precipitation process for controlling the mechanical and corrosion behaviour of dual-phase low-alloy high-carbon steel has been introduced. We have investigated the precipitation of different phases using in-situ observation ultra-high temperature confocal scanning laser microscopy, image analyser – ImageJ, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Volume fraction of each phase including retained austenite, martensite and precipitated phases was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical corrosion test by Tafel extrapolation method and hardness performance by nanoindentation hardness measurement. The experimental results demonstrated that, by controlling the precipitations inside the matrix and at grain boundaries through heat treatment, we can increase the hardness of steel from 7.81 GPa to 11.4 GPa. Also, corrosion resistance of steel at different condition has been investigated. This new approach will open new possibility of using this low-cost steel for high performance applications.

Effect of austenitisation temperature on corrosion resistance properties of dual-phase high-carbon steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (21) ◽  
pp. 13775-13786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Handoko ◽  
Farshid Pahlevani ◽  
Veena Sahajwalla
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
High Carbon

SAE 1060

Alloy Digest ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Agricultural Machinery ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Hand Tools ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract SAE 1060 is a high-carbon steel of low hardenability; it may be used in the as-rolled, annealed, normalized or liquid-quenched-and-tempered condition, depending on the desired properties. It is normally hardened by austenitizing and quenching in oil; however, it may be quenched in water if precautions are taken to prevent cracking. Its many uses include springs, hand tools, heavy machinery parts, shafts and agricultural machinery. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: CS-116. Producer or source: Carbon steel mills.

scholarly journals Stress-Induced Phase Transformation and Its Correlation with Corrosion Properties of Dual-Phase High Carbon Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Handoko ◽  
Farshid Pahlevani ◽  
Rumana Hossain ◽  
Veena Sahajwalla
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Dual Phase ◽  
High Angle ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Compression Load

It is well known that stress-induced phase transformation in dual-phase steel leads to the degradation of bulk corrosion resistance properties. Predicting this behaviour in high carbon steel is imperative for designing this grade of steel for more advanced applications. Dual-phase high carbon steel consists of a martensitic structure with metastable retained austenite which can be transformed to martensite when the required energy is attained, and its usage has increased in the past decade. In this study, insight into the influence of deformed microstructures on corrosion behaviour of dual-phase high carbon steel was investigated. The generation of strain-induced martensite formation (SIMF) by residual stress through plastic deformation, misorientation and substructure formation was comprehensively conducted by EBSD and SEM. Tafel and EIS methods were used to determine corrosion intensity and the effect of corrosion behaviour on hardness properties. As a result of the static compression load, the retained austenite transformed into martensite, which lowered its corrosion rate by 5.79% and increased the dislocation density and the length of high-angle grain boundaries. This study demonstrates that balancing the fraction of the martensite phase in structure and dislocation density, including the length of high-angle grain boundaries, will result in an increase in the corrosion rate in parallel with the applied compression load.

scholarly journals Microstructure and selected properties of boronized layers produced on C45 and CT90 steels after modification by diode laser

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneta Bartkowska ◽  
Dariusz Bartkowski ◽  
Damian Przestacki ◽  
Małgorzata Talarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Medium Carbon Steel ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
Laser Surface Modification ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Diffusion Boriding

Abstract The paper presents the study results of macro- and microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of C45 medium carbon steel and CT90 high carbon steel after diffusion boriding and laser modification by diode laser. It was found that the increase of carbon content reduced the thickness of boronized layer and caused change in their morphology. Diffusion boronized layers were composed of FeB and Fe2B iron borides. As a result of laser surface modification of these layers, the microstructure composed of three areas: remelted zone, heat affected zone (HAZ) and the substrate was obtained. Microhardness of laser remelting boronized layer in comparison with diffusion boronized layer was lower. The presence of HAZ was advantageous, because mild microhardness gradient between the layer and the substrate was assured. The specimens with laser boronized layers were characterized by better corrosion resistance than specimens without modified layer.

scholarly journals Enhancing Corrosion Resistance of High-Carbon Steel by Formation of Surface Layers Using Wastes as Input

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handoko ◽  
Pahlevani ◽  
Sahajwalla
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Chemical Mapping ◽  
High Carbon

Series of super-hard ceramic layers have been successfully developed on high carbon steels, with a significant improvement of corrosion resistance and hardness, without changing the original properties, which were derived from mixtures of slag (electric arc furnace), waste glass (bottles), and automotive shredder residue (ASR) plastics (polypropylene) via the single step surface modification technique. Microstructural analysis by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), crystallography analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-level chemical analysis by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM and EDS), and depth profile surface analysis with three-dimensional chemical mapping by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), followed by electrochemical corrosion test by the Tafel method and hardness test—Vickers hardness measurement. Three areas have been classified, modified surface, interface, and main substrate areas as the synthesis of ceramic layers into surface of the steels that thermodynamically formed during the heat treatment process. Chemical composition analyses have revealed that generated layers consisting of chromium (Cr)- and magnesium (Mg)-based compound have shown an improved corrosion resistance to 52% and hardness to 70% without modifying the initial volume fraction of constituent phases–martensite and retained austenite. These findings have substantially highlighted to the potential use of waste-integrated inputs as raw materials for production in cost-effective way, concurrently decreasing the demand on new resource for coating, alleviating the disadvantageous impact to the environment from waste disposal in landfills.

scholarly journals Quality Control of High Carbon Steel for Steel Wires

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yan ◽  
Weiqing Chen ◽  
Jing Li
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Submerged Entry Nozzle ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Centerline Segregation ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Steel Wires

High-carbon steel wires used for bridge cables, tire reinforcement materials and cutting materials of silicon ingot for photovoltaic industry require an extremely fine diameter and high strength. Poor control of centerline segregation, inclusion and microstructure of high-carbon steel is detrimental to drawability and subsequent fatigue performance. Prof. Weiqing Chen’s group at the University of Science and Technology Beijing (USTB) has been investigating the quality control of high-carbon steel through a low-cost one-stage hot rolling process since 2000. This paper reviews the main research from this group. The laboratory-scale and industrial results are presented. Intensive secondary cooling, final electromagnetic stirring (F-EMS), final permanent magnetic stirring (F-PMS), and soft reduction are investigated and applied to control centerline segregation, and the application scope is also discussed. A combination of redesign of submerged entry nozzle (SEN) and refining slag, utilization of Al-free refractory and the addition of low-melting-point compounds is studied and applied effectively to control inclusions. Measurements and mechanisms to control network cementite, martensite, banded structure and undesired texture are investigated and discussed. Integration of the above research has achieved industrial application in more than 10 steelworks and was further extended to application in spring steel, welding wire steel and some other wire rods.

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