scholarly journals The effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the liver lipidome, proteome and bile acid profile: parenteral versus enteral administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Bechynska ◽  
Nikola Daskova ◽  
Nikola Vrzackova ◽  
Karel Harant ◽  
Marie Heczková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Parenteral Route ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Enteral Administration

AbstractParenteral nutrition (PN) is often associated with the deterioration of liver functions (PNALD). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were reported to alleviate PNALD but the underlying mechanisms have not been fully unraveled yet. Using omics´ approach, we determined serum and liver lipidome, liver proteome, and liver bile acid profile as well as markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in rats administered either ω-6 PUFA based lipid emulsion (Intralipid) or ω-6/ω-3 PUFA blend (Intralipid/Omegaven) via the enteral or parenteral route. In general, we found that enteral administration of both lipid emulsions has less impact on the liver than the parenteral route. Compared with parenterally administered Intralipid, PN administration of ω-3 PUFA was associated with 1. increased content of eicosapentaenoic (EPA)- and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids-containing lipid species; 2. higher abundance of CYP4A isoenzymes capable of bioactive lipid synthesis and the increased content of their potential products (oxidized EPA and DHA); 3. downregulation of enzymes involved CYP450 drug metabolism what may represent an adaptive mechanism counteracting the potential negative effects (enhanced ROS production) of PUFA metabolism; 4. normalized anti-oxidative capacity and 5. physiological BAs spectrum. All these findings may contribute to the explanation of ω-3 PUFA protective effects in the context of PN.

scholarly journals Associations of Erythrocyte Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids with Inflammation and Quality of Life in Post-Menopausal Women with Obesity Completing a Pilot Dietary Intervention

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1589
Author(s):  
Kylie M. Johnson ◽  
Kellie R. Weinhold ◽  
Rebecca Andridge ◽  
Kristen Arnold ◽  
Panchita P. Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Post Menopausal

Study objectives were to determine if erythrocyte omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) increased in women participating in a dietary intervention that reduced inflammation and body weight and examine PUFA associations with markers of inflammation and quality of life (QOL). An experimental pre-post test, single group design was used. Fifteen post-menopausal women with obesity were enrolled in a 12-week pilot intervention focusing on lowering added sugars and increasing fiber and fish rich in n-3 PUFAs. Measurements included fasting blood samples, anthropometric, lifestyle and dietary data collected at baseline, end of intervention (Week 12) and follow-up (Week 24). Primary outcomes were change in erythrocyte PUFAs and associations between erythrocyte PUFAs, QOL (Short Form 12), and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α-receptor 2, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP)). Fourteen women completed all intervention visits. Mean erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid (AA) increased at Week 12 and Week 24 (p < 0.001 for both), while eicosapentaenoic acid increased at Week 24 (p < 0.01). After adjustment for percent weight change, week 12 QOL related to physical function was significantly associated with erythrocyte linoleic acid (p < 0.05) and trended toward significant association with EPA (p = 0.051); week 24 CRP was directly associated with erythrocyte AA (p < 0.05). Erythrocyte n-3 PUFAs were not associated with inflammation.

Protective Effects of Diets Supplemented with Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Calcium Against Colorectal Tumor Formation

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 2177-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Levent Kenar ◽  
Turan Karayilanoglu ◽  
Ahmet Aydin ◽  
Muhittin Serdar ◽  
Songul Kose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Tumor Formation ◽  
Colorectal Tumor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Can Nutritional Intervention for Obesity and Comorbidities Slow Down Age-Related Hearing Impairment?

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1668
Author(s):  
Ting-Hsuan Tang ◽  
Juen-Haur Hwang ◽  
Ting-Hua Yang ◽  
Chuan-Jen Hsu ◽  
Chen-Chi Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Pubmed Database

Background: Age-related hearing impairment (ARHI), the most common sensory deficit in the elderly, is associated with enormous social and public health burdens. Emerging evidence has suggested that obesity and comorbidities might increase the risk of ARHI. However, no reviews have been published that address the role of nutritional interventions for obesity and comorbidities in the prevention of ARHI. Methods: A PubMed database search was conducted to identify the relationship between obesity and ARHI. “Obesity”, “metabolic syndrome”, “adipose-derived hormone”, “fatty acid”, and “age-related hearing impairment” were included as keywords. Results: A total of 89 articles was analyzed with 39 articles of relevance to ARHI. A high-fat diet may induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis in the inner ear. Statins have been shown to delay the progression of ARHI by improving the lipid profile, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting endothelial inflammation. Aldosterone could exert protective effects against ARHI by upregulating the Na-K-2Cl co-transporter 1 in the cochlea. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could preserve the cochlear microcirculation by reducing dyslipidemia and inhibiting inflammation. Alpha-lipoic acid and lecithin might delay the progression of ARHI by protecting cochlear mitochondrial DNA from damage due to oxidative stress. Tea and ginseng might protect against ARHI through their anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects. Conclusions: Nutritional interventions for obesity and comorbidities, including a low-fat diet, supplementation with statins, aldosterone, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alpha-lipoic acids, lecithin, tea, and ginseng, may protect against the development of ARHI.

THE EFFECT OF OMEGA 3 FATTY ACIDS ON MEGAKARYOCYTE ARACHIDONIC ACID METABOLISM

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K Schick ◽  
Barbara P Schick ◽  
Pat Webster
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Marine Oils ◽  
Lipid Species

Dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are thought to prevent atherosclerosis. It has been proposed that omega 3 fatty acids modify platelet arachidonic acid (20:4) metabolism and platelet function and thereby reduce the incidence of thrombosis. We have previously shown that megakaryocytes (MK), like platelets, contain large amounts of esterified 20:4. The study addresses the following questions: 1) Do omega 3 fatty acids have a primary action on 20:4 metabolism in MK rather than in platelets. 2) Do omega 3 marine oils, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), have a different effect on megakaryocyte 20:4 metabolism than does alpha linolenic acid (18:3), the major omega-3 fatty acid present in normal diets? 3) How do omega-3 fatty acids modify megakaryocyte 20:4 acid metabolism? MK and platelets were isolated from guinea pigs. Isolated cells were incubated with radiolabeled 20:4 acid and unlabeled 18:3, 20:5 or 22:6. Incubations were terminated by lipid extraction, lipid classes were separated by thin-layer chromatography and the incorporation of radiolabeled 20:4 into lipid species was measured by scintillation spectrometry.MK (106) can incorporate about 4 times more 20:4 than 109 platelets. We have previously shown that 20:4 is incorporated into all endogenous pools of 20:4 in MK while platelets appear to have a limited capacity to incorporate 20:4 into phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE). Marine oils, 22:6 and 20:5, had similar effects on the incorporation of radiolabeled 20:4 in MK. Both marine oils reduced the total uptake of 20:4 in megakaryocytes but the reduction occured primarily in PE and phosphatidylserine (PS) rather than in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Both 20:5 and 22:6 caused a 50% reduction in the incorporation of radiolabeled 20:4 into megakaryocyte PE and PS while only a 20% reduction into PC and PI. There was a striking difference in the effect of 18:3. Even though the incubation of megakaryocytes with 18:3 reduced the uptake of 20:4, the distribution of the incorporated 20:4 in phospholipids of megakaryocytes incubated with 18:3 was similar to that in controls. Thus, 18:3 did not have a selective effect on the incorporation of 20:4 into PE or PS. Whereas megakaryocyte 20:4 metabolism was significantly affected by omega-3 fatty acids, the incubation of guinea pig or human platelets with 22:6, 20:5 or 18:3 did not result in any alteration of the incorporation of 20:4 into platelet phospholipids.20:4 may be initially incorporated into megakaryocyte PC and subsequently transfered to PE and other phospholipids. Omega 3 marine oils, 20:5 and 22:6, appear to have a selective action on the incorporation or transfer of 20:4 into PE and PS. One mechanism for these observations would be an effect of marine oils on megakaryocyte acyltransferase and/or transacylases. Omega 3 linolenic acid appears to reduce the uptake of 20:4 but does not affect the transfer of 20:4 into PE and PS since there was no selective inhibition of uptake into PE or other megakaryocyte phospholipids. The observation that marine oils did not have any effect on 20:4 metabolism in platelets indicated that omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids primarily affect megakaryocytes. This phenomenon may result in the production of platelets with abnormal content and compartmentalization of arachidonic acid. The localization of 20:4 in different pools in these platelets could influence the availability of esterified 20:4 for the production of thromboxanes and other eicosanoids. Another implication of the study is that omega 3 fatty acids may have a greater effect on precursor cells than on differentiated cells and tissues and influence cellular maturation.

Modulation of angiogenesis by ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is mediated by cyclooxygenases

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 111 (7) ◽  
pp. 3514-3521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Szymczak ◽  
Michael Murray ◽  
Nenad Petrovic
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Cancer Suppression

Abstract The potential role of dietary fats in cancer is attracting considerable interest within the community. Both epidemiologic and experimental findings suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), which are almost absent from typical Western diets, exert protective effects against cancer progression, although the precise mechanism of this suppression remains unknown. One of the potential targets for ω-3 PUFAs in cancer suppression is angiogenesis, a process of new blood vessel formation within rapidly growing tumors. Here, we demonstrate that ω-6 PUFAs stimulate and ω-3 PUFAs inhibit major proangiogenic processes in human endothelial cells, including the induction of angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) and matrix metalloprotease-9, endothelial invasion, and tube formation, that are usually activated by the major ω-6 PUFA arachidonic acid. The cyclooxygenase (COX)–mediated conversion of PUFAs to prostanoid derivatives participated in modulation of the expression of Ang2. Thus, the ω-6 PUFA–derived prostaglandin E2 augmented, whereas the ω-3 PUFA–derived prostaglandin E3 suppressed the induction of Ang2 by growth factors. Our findings are consistent with the suggestion that PUFAs undergo biotransformation by COX-2 to lipid mediators that modulate tumor angiogenesis, which provides new insight into the beneficial effects of ω-3 PUFAs.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: The Way Forward in Times of Mixed Evidence

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karsten H. Weylandt ◽  
Simona Serini ◽  
Yong Q. Chen ◽  
Hui-Min Su ◽  
Kyu Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Medical Institutions

Almost forty years ago, it was first hypothesized that an increased dietary intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) from fish fat could exert protective effects against several pathologies. Decades of intense preclinical investigation have supported this hypothesis in a variety of model systems. Several clinical cardiovascular studies demonstrated the beneficial health effects of omega-3 PUFA, leading medical institutions worldwide to publish recommendations for their increased intake. However, particularly in recent years, contradictory results have been obtained in human studies focusing on cardiovascular disease and the clinical evidence in other diseases, particularly chronic inflammatory and neoplastic diseases, was never established to a degree that led to clear approval of treatment with omega-3 PUFA. Recent data not in line with the previous findings have sparked a debate on the health efficacy of omega-3 PUFA and the usefulness of increasing their intake for the prevention of a number of pathologies. In this review, we aim to examine the controversies on the possible use of these fatty acids as preventive/curative tools against the development of cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory diseases, as well as several kinds of cancer.

scholarly journals The ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxidative Stress in Long-Term Parenteral Nutrition Dependent Adult Patients: Functional Lipidomics Approach

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 2351
Author(s):  
Vit Kosek ◽  
Marie Heczkova ◽  
Frantisek Novak ◽  
Eva Meisnerova ◽  
Olga Novákova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Lipid Species

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3PUFAs) are introduced into parenteral nutrition (PN) as hepatoprotective but may be susceptible to the lipid peroxidation while olive oil (OO) is declared more peroxidation resistant. We aimed to estimate how the lipid composition of PN mixture affects plasma and erythrocyte lipidome and the propensity of oxidative stress. A cross-sectional comparative study was performed in a cohort of adult patients who were long-term parenterally administered ω-3 PUFAs without (FO/–, n = 9) or with (FO/OO, n = 13) olive oil and healthy age- and sex-matched controls, (n = 30). Lipoperoxidation assessed as plasma and erythrocyte malondialdehyde content was increased in both FO/– and FO/OO groups but protein oxidative stress (protein carbonyls in plasma) and low redox status (GSH/GSSG in erythrocytes) was detected only in the FO/– subcohort. The lipidome of all subjects receiving ω-3 PUFAs was enriched with lipid species containing ω-3 PUFAs (FO/–˃FO/OO). Common characteristic of all PN-dependent patients was high content of fatty acyl-esters of hydroxy-fatty acids (FAHFAs) in plasma while acylcarnitines and ceramides were enriched in erythrocytes. Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of plasmanyls and plasmalogens (endogenous antioxidants) were decreased in both patient groups with a significantly more pronounced effect in FO/–. We confirmed the protective effect of OO in PN mixtures containing ω-3 PUFAs.

scholarly journals Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2421
Author(s):  
Ivana Djuricic ◽  
Philip C. Calder
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Intervention Trials

Oxidative stress and inflammation have been recognized as important contributors to the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may regulate the antioxidant signaling pathway and modulate inflammatory processes. They also influence hepatic lipid metabolism and physiological responses of other organs, including the heart. Longitudinal prospective cohort studies demonstrate that there is an association between moderate intake of the omega-6 PUFA linoleic acid and lower risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), most likely as a result of lower blood cholesterol concentration. Current evidence suggests that increasing intake of arachidonic acid (up to 1500 mg/day) has no adverse effect on platelet aggregation and blood clotting, immune function and markers of inflammation, but may benefit muscle and cognitive performance. Many studies show that higher intakes of omega-3 PUFAs, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are associated with a lower incidence of chronic diseases characterized by elevated inflammation, including CVDs. This is because of the multiple molecular and cellular actions of EPA and DHA. Intervention trials using EPA + DHA indicate benefit on CVD mortality and a significant inverse linear dose–response relationship has been found between EPA + DHA intake and CVD outcomes. In addition to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles, omega-3 fatty acids are considered to regulate platelet homeostasis and lower risk of thrombosis, which together indicate their potential use in COVID-19 therapy.

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