scholarly journals Physiological performance of glyphosate and imazamox mixtures on Amaranthus palmeri sensitive and resistant to glyphosate

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Fernández-Escalada ◽  
Ainhoa Zulet-González ◽  
Miriam Gil-Monreal ◽  
Mercedes Royuela ◽  
Ana Zabalza
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Amaranthus Palmeri ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Branched Chain

AbstractThe herbicides glyphosate and imazamox inhibit the biosynthetic pathway of aromatic amino acids (AAA) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), respectively. Both herbicides share several physiological effects in the processes triggered in plants after herbicide application that kills the plant, and mixtures of both herbicides are being used. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects in the mixture of glyphosate and imazamox in glyphosate-sensitive (GS) and -resistant (GR) populations of the troublesome weed Amaranthus palmeri. The changes detected in the physiological parameters after herbicide mixtures application were similar and even less to the changes detected after individual treatments. This pattern was detected in shikimate, amino acid and carbohydrate content, and it was independent of the EPSPS copy number, as it was detected in both populations. In the case of the transcriptional pattern of the AAA pathway after glyphosate, interesting and contrary interactions with imazamox treatment were detected for both populations; enhancement of the effect in the GS population and alleviation in the GR population. At the transcriptional level, no cross regulation between AAA and BCAA inhibitors was confirmed. This study suggests that mixtures are equally or less toxic than herbicides alone, and would implicate careful considerations when applying the herbicide mixtures.

scholarly journals Xylo-Oligosaccharides in Prevention of Hepatic Steatosis and Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Associating Taxonomic and Metabolomic Patterns in Fecal Microbiomes with Biclustering

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 4049
Author(s):  
Jukka Hintikka ◽  
Sanna Lensu ◽  
Elina Mäkinen ◽  
Sira Karvinen ◽  
Marjaana Honkanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Branched Chain

We have shown that prebiotic xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) increased beneficial gut microbiota (GM) and prevented high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis, but the mechanisms associated with these effects are not clear. We studied whether XOS affects adipose tissue inflammation and insulin signaling, and whether the GM and fecal metabolome explain associated patterns. XOS was supplemented or not with high (HFD) or low (LFD) fat diet for 12 weeks in male Wistar rats (n = 10/group). Previously analyzed GM and fecal metabolites were biclustered to reduce data dimensionality and identify interpretable groups of co-occurring genera and metabolites. Based on our findings, biclustering provides a useful algorithmic method for capturing such joint signatures. On the HFD, XOS-supplemented rats showed lower number of adipose tissue crown-like structures, increased phosphorylation of AKT in liver and adipose tissue as well as lower expression of hepatic miRNAs. XOS-supplemented rats had more fecal glycine and less hypoxanthine, isovalerate, branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids. Several bacterial genera were associated with the metabolic signatures. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of XOS on hepatic steatosis involved decreased adipose tissue inflammation and likely improved insulin signaling, which were further associated with fecal metabolites and GM.

scholarly journals Low Energy Diet-induced and Bariatric Surgery-induced Weight Loss Decreases Branched-chain and Aromatic Amino Acids in Plasma and Tissue (P21-078-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanxuan Wu ◽  
Karl Fraser ◽  
Marlena Kruger ◽  
Garth Cooper ◽  
Anne-Thea McGill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Objectives Plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and aromatic amino acids (AAA) phenylalanine (phe) and tyrosine (tyr) have been associated with obesity, insulin resistance and risk of type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to investigate the response of circulating plasma and tissue levels of BCAA and AAA to weight loss, and to correlate the level of these metabolites in plasma and tissue in obese women. Methods 28 obese (mean BMI 46.2 kg/m2) women underwent low energy diet (LED)-induced weight loss (−9.2 ± 4.2 kg) followed by bariatric surgery-induced weight loss (−23.6 ± 2.5 kg). Plasma at baseline (t0), post-LED/pre-surgery (t1) and 6-month post-surgery (t2) as well as biopsies of subcutaneous abdomen adipose tissue (SAfat), superficial thigh adipose tissue (Tfat) and vastus lateralis thigh muscle (Tmuscle) at both t1 and t2 were collected, and profiled using mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach. Paired t-tests were applied to assess between-timepoint differences, and Pearson correlation used to calculate correlation coefficient of metabolite levels between plasma and tissue. Results Plasma BCAA and AAA were all significantly reduced post-LED at t1 (fold-change of 0.76–0.85 for val, leu, ile, tyr and phe, P < 0.05) and 6-month post-surgery at t2 (fold-change of 0.74–0.85 for val, leu, ile, tyr and phe, P < 0.05) as compared to baseline t0; but not significant between t1 and t2, although trends of decrease were observed. Among the 3 tissue biopsies, only SAfat showed significantly decreased levels of tyr, leu and ile at t2 compared to t1 (fold-change for tyr 0.63, leu 0.66, ile 0.68, P < 0.05). In addition, plasma levels of val and ile were correlated with Tfat levels at both t1 and t2 (r2 = 0.47–0.57), and that of val, ile and leu were correlated with Tmuscle at t1 only (r2 = 0.64–0.67). Conclusions Circulating levels of BCAA and AAA were decreased by weight loss interventions. The decrease following an LED program was sustained after bariatric surgery without further significant decrease. Bariatric surgery also decreased BCAA levels in SAfat; moreover, our data suggested that plasma BCAA levels correlated well with peripheral tissue Tfat and Tmuscle. Funding Sources The New Zealand National Science Challenge High-Value Nutrition program.

In Vitro adsorption Spectrum of Plasma Amino Acids by Coated Charcoal Hemoperfusion

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.Q. Shi ◽  
T.M.S. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hepatic Coma ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Adsorption Experiment ◽  
Preferential Adsorption ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Charcoal Hemoperfusion

In order to clarify wether coated charcoal hemoperfusion is capable of normalizing amino acid disturbances in hepatic coma, in vitro adsorption and in vitro hemoperfusion studies were carried out. We have found that collodion-coated activated charcoal beads preferentially removed much more aromatic acids (AAA) than branched chain amino acids (BCAA). In the in vitro adsorption experiment with 50 μM amino acid standards aqueous solution, 99% of AAAs were removed by charcoal while only 50 to 81% of BCAAs were removed. As the concentration of amino acids in solution was doubled from μM to 100 μM, BCAA removal was halved while about 90% of AAA was still being removed. In vitro hemoperfusion with heparinized blood from hepatic failure rats, the clearance and the removal of AAAs were significantly greater than those of BCAAs. Consequently, the molar ratio of BCAA over AAA was markedly improved from the initial 1.09 to 3.87 after 60 min of hemoperfusion. Thus, we have demonstrated the preferential adsorption of aromatic amino acids by collodion-coated charcoal beads. The correction of BCAA/AAA molar ratio is also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Effects Of Menstrual Cycle On Branched-chain And Aromatic Amino Acids During Endurance Exercise In Female Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Mikako Sakamaki-Sunaga ◽  
Kayoko Kamemoto ◽  
Mizuki Yamada ◽  
Tomoka Matsuda ◽  
Hazuki Ogata
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals CodY-Regulated Aminotransferases AraT and BcaT Play a Major Role in the Growth of Lactococcus lactis in Milk by Regulating the Intracellular Pool of Amino Acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 3061-3068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Chambellon ◽  
Mireille Yvon
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Keto Acids ◽  
Branched Chain

ABSTRACT Aminotransferases, which catalyze the last step of biosynthesis of most amino acids and the first step of their catabolism, may be involved in the growth of Lactococcus lactis in milk. Previously, we isolated two aminotransferases from L. lactis, AraT and BcaT, which are responsible for the transamination of aromatic amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, and methionine. In this study, we demonstrated that double inactivation of AraT and BcaT strongly reduced the growth of L. lactis in milk. Supplementation of milk with amino acids and keto acids that are substrates of both aminotransferases did not improve the growth of the double mutant. On the contrary, supplementation of milk with isoleucine or a dipeptide containing isoleucine almost totally inhibited the growth of the double mutant, while it did not affect or only slightly affected the growth of the wild-type strain. These results suggest that AraT and BcaT play a major role in the growth of L. lactis in milk by degrading the intracellular excess isoleucine, which is responsible for the growth inhibition. The growth inhibition by isoleucine is likely to be due to CodY repression of the proteolytic system, which is necessary for maximal growth of L. lactis in milk, since the growth of the CodY mutant was not affected by addition of isoleucine to milk. Moreover, we demonstrated that AraT and BcaT are part of the CodY regulon and therefore are regulated by nutritional factors, such as the carbohydrate and nitrogen sources.

Branched-chain and aromatic amino acids and cardiometabolic risk in Black African and Asian Indian populations

Metabolomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungile Khambule ◽  
Tracy Snyman ◽  
Shane A. Norris ◽  
Nigel J. Crowther ◽  
Jaya A. George
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Asian Indian ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Black African ◽  
Indian Populations ◽  
Branched Chain

BCAA intake affects protein metabolism in muscle after but not during exercise in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (2) ◽  
pp. E365-E374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Blomstrand ◽  
Bengt Saltin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Muscle Concentration ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Sparing Effect ◽  
Exercise In Humans

Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) or a placebo was given to seven subjects during 1 h of ergometer cycle exercise and a 2-h recovery period. Intake of BCAA did not influence the rate of exchange of the aromatic amino acids, tyrosine and phenylalanine, in the legs during exercise or the increase in their concentration in muscle. The increase was ∼30% in both conditions. On the other hand, in the recovery period after exercise, a faster decrease in the muscle concentration of aromatic amino acids was found in the BCAA experiment (46% compared with 25% in the placebo condition). There was also a tendency to a smaller release (an average of 32%) of these amino acids from the legs during the 2-h recovery. The results suggest that BCAA have a protein-sparing effect during the recovery after exercise, either that protein synthesis has been stimulated and/or protein degradation has decreased, but the data during exercise are too variable to make any conclusions about the effects during exercise. The effect in the recovery period does not seem to be mediated by insulin.

scholarly journals Using Metabolomic Profiles as Biomarkers for Insulin Resistance in Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Zhao ◽  
Xiaokun Gang ◽  
Yujia Liu ◽  
Chenglin Sun ◽  
Qing Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Branched Chain

A growing body of evidence has shown the intimate relationship between metabolomic profiles and insulin resistance (IR) in obese adults, while little is known about childhood obesity. In this review, we searched available papers addressing metabolomic profiles and IR in obese children from inception to February 2016 on MEDLINE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and EMASE. HOMA-IR was applied as surrogate markers of IR and related metabolic disorders at both baseline and follow-up. To minimize selection bias, two investigators independently completed this work. After critical selection, 10 studies (including 2,673 participants) were eligible and evaluated by using QUADOMICS for quality assessment. Six of the 10 studies were classified as “high quality.” Then we generated all the metabolites identified in each study and found amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism were the main affected metabolic pathways in obese children. Among identified metabolites, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), aromatic amino acids (AAAs), and acylcarnitines were reported to be associated with IR as biomarkers most frequently. Additionally, BCAAs and tyrosine seemed to be relevant to future metabolic risk in the long-term follow-up cohorts, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and prevention strategy. Because of limited scale and design heterogeneity of existing studies, future studies might focus on validating above findings in more large-scale and longitudinal studies with elaborate design.

Effects of branched-chain-enriched amino acids and insulin on forearm leucine kinetics

1999 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela ZANETTI ◽  
Rocco BARAZZONI ◽  
Edward KIWANUKA ◽  
Paolo TESSARI
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Aromatic Amino Acids ◽  
Leucine Kinetics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures ◽  
Leucine Transport ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Plasma Leucine

Although amino acid mixtures enriched in branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and deficient in aromatic amino acids (AAA) are often used together with insulin and glucose in clinical nutrition, their physiological effects on muscle protein anabolism are not known. To this aim, we studied forearm leucine kinetics in post-absorptive volunteers, before and after the systemic infusion of BCAA-enriched, AAA-deficient amino acids along with insulin and the euglycaemic clamp. The results were compared with the effects of insulin infusion alone. A compartmental leucine forearm model was employed at steady state. Hyperaminoacidaemia with hyperinsulinaemia (to ≈ 80–100 μ-units/ml) increased the leucine plasma concentration (+70%; P< 0.001), inflow into the forearm cell (+150%; P< 0.01), disposal into protein synthesis (+100%; P< 0.01), net intracellular retention (P< 0.01), net forearm balance (by ≈ 6-fold; P< 0.01) and net deamination to α-ketoisocaproate (4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate) (+9%; P< 0.05). Leucine release from forearm proteolysis and outflow from the forearm cell were unchanged. In contrast, hyperinsulinaemia alone decreased plasma leucine concentrations (-35%; P< 0.001) and leucine inflow (-20%; P< 0.05) and outflow (-30%; P< 0.01) into and out of forearm cell(s), it increased net intracellular leucine retention (P< 0.03), and it did not change leucine release from forearm proteolysis (-20%; P = 0.138), net leucine deamination to α-ketoisocaproate, leucine disposal into protein synthesis or net forearm protein balance. By considering all data together, leucine disposal into protein synthesis was directly correlated with leucine inflow into the cell (r = 0.71; P< 0.0001). These data indicate that the infusion of BCAA-enriched, AAA-deficient amino acids along with insulin is capable of stimulating forearm (i.e. muscle) protein anabolism in normal volunteers by enhancing intracellular leucine transport and protein synthesis. These effects are probably due to hyperaminoacidaemia and/or its interaction with hyperinsulinaemia, since they were not observed under conditions of hyperinsulinaemia alone.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document